Matapia Island
 Matapia. | |
 | |
| Geography | |
|---|---|
| Location | Te-Oneroa-a-Tōhē / Ninety Mile Beach |
| Coordinates | 34°36′22″S 172°47′55″E / 34.60611°S 172.79861°E |
| Area | 2.3 km2 (0.89 sq mi) |
| Highest elevation | 53 m (174 ft) |
| Administration | |
Matapia Island is the official name of a small island off Te-Oneroa-a-Tōhē / Ninety Mile Beach. The name translates as 'like a face, with a hole in it'. Until 1936 it was known as Motupia.[1] It is 1.5 km (0.93 mi) off the beach and about 10 km (6.2 mi) south of Te Paki Stream mouth.[2]
Geology
[edit]
A sea arch is eroded into steeply dipping conglomerate and sandstone of Matapia Formation,[2] which is a poor to moderately bedded conglomerate with a pebbly and bouldery sandstone, about 18 million years old,[3] which originated with the Houhora Volcanic Group and other volcanic rocks. A solid rocky platform surrounds the island.[4]
Wildlife
[edit]Matapia Island is an ecologically significant island. It is one of only two Northland west coast islands (the other being Wakatehāua Island, further down the beach)[5] and has unique terrestrial and marine habitats, including the most fur seals (oioi) in Northland (over 500), which probably also make it an important area for white sharks (mangō ururoa), seals being their main prey.[6] The waters surrounding the island are relatively shallow, about 10-20 m (66 ft) deep, shelving to 50 m (160 ft), 9 km (5.6 mi) offshore. Wave energy is very high and a major influence on the shallow and deeper reef communities and intertidal organisms, together with the north-flowing Westland Current and, occasionally in summer, the south-flowing West Auckland Current. Sea surface temperatures range between 15 and 22 °C (72 °F) and waves average 1.5 – 2.5 m (8 ft 2 in).[7] Hawksbill turtles also reach the island.[8] 35 species of marine mammals are known in Northland waters, also including Bryde's whales , bottlenose dolphins (terehu), orca (kakahi) and common dolphins (popokanua).[6]
Matapia Island gecko (Dactylocnemis “Matapia Island”) is the smallest of the Pacific geckos. It also lives on the Aupōuri (golden-brown to dark olive) and Karikari Peninsulas (darker with more variable patterns), but was first identified on Matapia. Its sides have a broad brown band above cream ventral surfaces. They are nocturnal, omnivorous and first recognised on Matapia. They are similar to Pacific, Poor Knights and Mokohinau geckos.[7] The island also has robust skink, ornate skink, Pacific gecko and shore skink.[4]
Giant umbrella sedge (toetoe upoko-tangata) is in dense swards with occasional taupata and Parietaria debilis seedlings underneath. On steep slopes iceplant (horokaka) and knobby clubrush (wīwī) dominate, with Chenopodium album (wild spinach) in patches above the coastal banks. Glasswort and Mercury Bay weed grow in the splash zone. Lepidium oleraceum (nau) is an endangered species, replanted in the 1980s, which is in patches on coastal banks.[4]
Birds include white-fronted tern (tara), common diving petrel (kuaka), blue penguin (kororā), pipit (pīhoihoi), swamp harrier (kāhu), paradise duck (pūtangitangi), red-billed gull (tarāpunga) and welcome swallow.[4] A breeding population of black-winged petrels (karetai kapa mangu) is also on the island.[6]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ "Matapia". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. 8 November 1984. Retrieved 30 October 2024.
- ^ a b "Outstanding Natural Features". data-nrcgis.opendata.arcgis.com. 24 September 2020. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
- ^ Peter J.J. Kamp, Kirsty A. Vincent and Michael J.S. Tayler (2015). "Cenozoic sedimentary and volcanic rocks of New Zealand" (PDF). University of Waikato.
- ^ a b c d "Aupouri Ecological District - Level 1 sites" (PDF). DoC. 1993.
- ^ "Wakatehāua Island". gazetteer.linz.govt.nz. 17 December 2015. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
- ^ a b c "Significant Ecological Marine Area Assessment Sheet: Matapia Island Shallow Reefs" (PDF). Northland Regional Council. September 2015.
- ^ a b "Dactylocnemis "Matapia Island" | NZHS". www.reptiles.org.nz. Retrieved 31 October 2024.
- ^ "Turtle For Adoption. Press". paperspast.natlib.govt.nz. 22 September 1966. Retrieved 31 October 2024.