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Martin Z. Bazant

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Martin Zdenek Bazant
NationalityAmerican
Occupation(s)Chemical engineer, mathematician, physicist, and academic
AwardsAlexander Kuznetsov Prize in Theoretical Electrochemistry (ISE)
Andreas Acrivos Award in Chemical Engineering (AIChE)
Academic background
Alma materUniversity of Arizona (B.S., M.S.)
Harvard University (Ph.D., postdoc)
ThesisInteratomic Forces in Covalent Solids (1997)
Doctoral advisorEfthimios Kaxiras
Academic work
Disciplineelectrochemistry, electrokinetics, transport phenomena, applied mathematics, MOOC
InstitutionsMassachusetts Institute of Technology
Saint-Gobain
Lithios

Martin Zdenek Bazant is an American chemical engineer, mathematician, physicist, and academic. He is the E. G. Roos (1944) Professor of Chemical Engineering and Mathematics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT).[1] From 2016 to 2020, he served as executive officer of the department of chemical engineering.[2]

Bazant is well recognized for his teaching and research in electrochemistry, electrokinetics, transport phenomena, and applied mathematics. He was elected President of the International Electrokinetics Society[3] and Fellow of the American Physical Society,[4] the International Society of Electrochemistry,[5] and the Royal Society of Chemistry. He is also the chief scientific advisor of Saint-Gobain Research North America and chief scientist and co-founder of Lithios.

Education

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Bazant earned a B.S. in mathematics and physics in 1992 and an M.S. in applied mathematics in 1993 from the University of Arizona. Subsequently, he undertook research in physics for a Ph.D. at Harvard University, under the supervision of E. Kaxiras, and graduated in 1997. His dissertation was titled, Interatomic Forces in Covalent Solids.[6] He then spent a year at Harvard as a postdoctoral fellow in engineering and applied sciences under the guidance of Howard A. Stone.[7]

Career

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Bazant began his academic career in 1998 as an instructor of applied mathematics at Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He was appointed as assistant professor of mathematics in 2000 and promoted to associate professor in 2003.[8] He joined the department of chemical engineering in 2009 and built an experimental laboratory to compliment his theoretical research. He was promoted to full professor in 2012 and named the inaugural Edwin G. Roos (1944) Chair Professor of Chemical Engineering in 2015.[9] He has held visiting faculty positions as the Paris Sciences chair at ESPCI Paris (2001, 2007-2008) and as the Global Climate and Energy Project chair at Stanford University (2015-2016).

Bazant was the executive officer of the department of chemical engineering at MIT from 2016 to 2020 and then created the new role of digital learning officer. He has co-founded multiple research centers and serves as director of D3BATT: Data-Driven Design of Rechargeable Batteries[10] and of the Center for Battery Sustainability.[11]

After organizing the 13th International Electrokinetics Symposium (ELKIN) in 2019,[12] he co-founded the International Electrokinetics Society and became its first president.[13] He served as associate editor of SIAM Journal on Applied Mathematics from 2011 to 2021. He has consulted for Saint-Gobain Research North America on ceramics and plastics since 2008 and became chief scientific advisor in 2013.

Bazant co-founded two MIT startup companies: ICEO in 2005, which developed induced-charge electro-osmotic microfluidic devices, and Lithios in 2022, developing electrochemical lithium extraction.

Teaching

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Bazant has created many open educational resources, including OpenCourseWare for Random Walks and Diffusion[14] and Electrochemical Energy Systems.[15] He is best known for advanced massive open online courses (MOOCs), notably 10.50x Analysis of Transport Phenomena.[2] In 2018, Part 1: Mathematical Methods launched on MITx and edX, followed by Part 2: Applications in 2021. For 10.50x, he was awarded the MITx Prize for Teaching and Learning in MOOCs.[16] In the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic, Bazant created a MOOC, 10.S95x Physics of COVID-19 Transmission, to teach the science of airborne transmission and advocate for physics-based safety guidelines.[17]

Research

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Bazant has authored over 300 publications.[18][19] His research spans the fields of electrochemistry, electrokinetics, fluid dynamics and transport phenomena in chemical engineering, applied mathematics, and theoretical physics. He has made advances in energy storage, water treatment, microfluidics, and nanotechnology and holds many patents.

In electrochemistry, Bazant is best known for the theory of electrochemical kinetics based on nonequilibrium thermodynamics and related phase-field models of lithium-ion batteries.[20] By expressing overpotential and ionic activity in terms of functional derivatives of the Gibbs free energy, he generalized the Butler-Volmer equation and Marcus theory of electron transfer and formulated a unified quantum theory of coupled ion-electron transfer (CIET) kinetics.[21] Predictions of the theory include intercalation waves, spinodal decomposition, and control of phase separation by electro-autocatalysis,[22] e.g. in lithium iron phosphate (LFP).[23][24] His models are used in computer simulations of batteries.[25]

In electrokinetics, Bazant is known for developing models of the electrical double layer and various nonlinear electrokinetic phenomena. He analyzed ionic relaxation in response to large voltage pulses,[26] leading to the first theory of capacitive deionization.[27] His research introduced “induced-charge electro-osmosis”[28] and produced new models,[29] such as the Bazant-Storey-Kornyshev (BSK) equation, which describes over-screening in ionic liquids[30] and the cohesion of cement.[31]

In applied mathematics, Bazant extended conformal mapping to a class of non-harmonic functions,[32] generalized diffusion-limited aggregation,[33] and discovered exact solutions to the Navier-Stokes equations, some having steady vortex structures[34] and others related to Poiseuille and Couette flows.[35] He pioneered the use of matched asymptotic expansions in electrochemical engineering.[26] He also developed algorithms to “learn physics from images”,[36] e.g. heterogeneous reaction kinetics from x-ray microscopy.[23]

During the COVID-19 pandemic, Bazant developed a safety guideline to limit indoor airborne transmission,[37] beyond arbitrary social distancing. The guideline was popularized by an online app and MOOC[17] and used in controls for healthy buildings.

Awards and honors

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  • 2015 – Alexander Kuznetsov Prize in Theoretical Electrochemistry, ISE[38]
  • 2015 – Amar G. Bose Fellow, MIT[39]
  • 2018 – Andreas Acrivos Award in Chemical Engineering, AIChE[40]
  • 2019 – MITx Prize for Teaching and Learning in MOOCs[16]

Selected articles

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  • Bazant, M. Z., Thornton, K., & Ajdari, A. (2004). Diffuse-charge dynamics in electrochemical systems. Physical review E, 70(2), 021506.
  • Bazant, M. Z. (2004). Conformal mapping of some non-harmonic functions in transport theory. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A, 460(2045), 1433–1452.
  • Bazant, M. Z., Kilic, M. S., Storey, B. D., & Ajdari, A. (2009). Towards an understanding of induced-charge electrokinetics at large applied voltages in concentrated solutions. Advances in colloid and interface science, 152(1-2), 48–88.
  • Bazant, M. Z., Storey, B. D., & Kornyshev, A. A. (2011). Double layer in ionic liquids: Overscreening versus crowding. Physical review letters, 106(4), 046102.
  • Bazant, M. Z. (2013). Theory of chemical kinetics and charge transfer based on nonequilibrium thermodynamics. Accounts of chemical research, 46(5), 1144–1160.
  • Bazant, M. Z. (2017). Thermodynamic stability of driven open systems and control of phase separation by electro-autocatalysis. Faraday discussions, 199, 423–463.
  • Bazant, M. Z., & Bush, J. W. (2021). A guideline to limit indoor airborne transmission of COVID-19. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 118(17), e2018995118.
  • Bazant, M.Z. (2023). Unified quantum theory of electrochemical kinetics by coupled ion–electron transfer. Faraday Discuss, 2023,246, 60-124.

References

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  1. ^ "Martin Bazant named inaugural E.G. Roos (1944) Professor". MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 11 May 2016.
  2. ^ a b "MIT Chemical Engineering introduces new MOOC Analysis of Transport Phenomena II: Applications (10.50.2x) – MIT Chemical Engineering".
  3. ^ Communications, Grainger Engineering Office of Marketing and. "Bazant presents new research around indoor disease transmission". mechse.illinois.edu.
  4. ^ "Four from MIT named American Physical Society Fellows for 2018". MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 17 October 2018.
  5. ^ "International Society of Electrochemistry". www.ise-online.org.
  6. ^ "Martin Bazant's Ph.D. Thesis, Interatomic Forces in Covalent Solids (Stanford page)". web.mit.edu.
  7. ^ "Martin Z. Bazant – MIT Chemical Engineering".
  8. ^ "MIT Corporation grants tenure to 50 faculty". MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 14 November 2007.
  9. ^ "Profile". math.mit.edu.
  10. ^ "Current Members – D3BATT". d3batt.mit.edu.
  11. ^ "Home". www.batterysustain.center.
  12. ^ "E.L.K.I.N. 2019 @ MIT – 13th International Symposium on Electrokinetics | June 12–14, 2019". elkin2019.mit.edu.
  13. ^ "International Electrokinetics Society e.V. | International Symposium on Elektrokinetics". electrokinetics.net.
  14. ^ "Random Walks and Diffusion | Mathematics". MIT OpenCourseWare.
  15. ^ "Electrochemical Energy Systems | Chemical Engineering". MIT OpenCourseWare.
  16. ^ a b "Seven MIT educators honored for digital learning innovation". MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. 2 July 2019.
  17. ^ a b "Martin Z. Bazant's COVID-19 app and MOOC expanding the reach of this research – MIT Chemical Engineering".
  18. ^ "Martin Z. Bazant". scholar.google.com.
  19. ^ "Web of Science". www.webofscience.com.
  20. ^ Bazant, Martin Z. (May 21, 2013). "Theory of Chemical Kinetics and Charge Transfer based on Nonequilibrium Thermodynamics". Accounts of Chemical Research. 46 (5): 1144–1160. arXiv:1208.1587. doi:10.1021/ar300145c. PMID 23520980. S2CID 10827167.
  21. ^ Fraggedakis, Dimitrios; McEldrew, Michael; Smith, Raymond B.; Krishnan, Yamini; Zhang, Yirui; Bai, Peng; Chueh, William C.; Shao-Horn, Yang; Bazant, Martin Z. (January 20, 2021). "Theory of coupled ion-electron transfer kinetics". Electrochimica Acta. 367: 137432. arXiv:2007.12980. doi:10.1016/j.electacta.2020.137432. S2CID 220793972 – via ScienceDirect.
  22. ^ Bazant, Martin Z. (October 12, 2023). "Unified quantum theory of electrochemical kinetics by coupled ion–electron transfer". Faraday Discussions. 246: 60–124. Bibcode:2023FaDi..246...60B. doi:10.1039/D3FD00108C. hdl:1721.1/154129. PMID 37676178.
  23. ^ a b Zhao, Hongbo; Deng, Haitao Dean; Cohen, Alexander E.; Lim, Jongwoo; Li, Yiyang; Fraggedakis, Dimitrios; Jiang, Benben; Storey, Brian D.; Chueh, William C.; Braatz, Richard D.; Bazant, Martin Z. (November 29, 2022). "Learning heterogeneous reaction kinetics from X-ray movies pixel-by-pixel". Nature. 621 (7978): 289–294. doi:10.1038/s41586-023-06393-x. PMC 10499602. PMID 37704764.
  24. ^ "Pixel-by-pixel analysis yields insights into lithium-ion batteries". MIT News | Massachusetts Institute of Technology. September 13, 2023.
  25. ^ Cogswell, Dan. "mpet: Multiphase porous electrode theory" – via PyPI.
  26. ^ a b Bazant, Martin Z.; Thornton, Katsuyo; Ajdari, Armand (August 27, 2004). "Diffuse-charge dynamics in electrochemical systems". Physical Review E. 70 (2 Pt 1): 021506. arXiv:cond-mat/0401118. Bibcode:2004PhRvE..70b1506B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.70.021506. PMID 15447495. S2CID 16954037 – via PubMed.
  27. ^ Biesheuvel, P. M.; Bazant, M. Z. (March 10, 2010). "Nonlinear dynamics of capacitive charging and desalination by porous electrodes". Physical Review E. 81 (3): 031502. arXiv:0911.1747. Bibcode:2010PhRvE..81c1502B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.81.031502. PMID 20365735. S2CID 5709100 – via APS.
  28. ^ Squires, Todd M.; Bazant, Martin Z. (June 27, 2004). "Induced-charge electro-osmosis". Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 509: 217–252. arXiv:physics/0304090. Bibcode:2004JFM...509..217S. doi:10.1017/S0022112004009309. S2CID 13963821 – via Cambridge University Press.
  29. ^ Bazant, Martin Z.; Kilic, Mustafa Sabri; Storey, Brian D.; Ajdari, Armand (November 30, 2009). "Towards an understanding of induced-charge electrokinetics at large applied voltages in concentrated solutions". Advances in Colloid and Interface Science. 152 (1–2): 48–88. arXiv:0903.4790. doi:10.1016/j.cis.2009.10.001. PMID 19879552. S2CID 1964593 – via PubMed.
  30. ^ Bazant, Martin Z.; Storey, Brian D.; Kornyshev, Alexei A. (January 28, 2011). "Double layer in ionic liquids: overscreening versus crowding". Physical Review Letters. 106 (4): 046102. arXiv:1010.3490. Bibcode:2011PhRvL.106d6102B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.106.046102. PMID 21405339. S2CID 5235069 – via PubMed.
  31. ^ Misra, Rahul Prasanna; de Souza, J. Pedro; Blankschtein, Daniel; Bazant, Martin Z. (September 3, 2019). "Theory of Surface Forces in Multivalent Electrolytes". Langmuir. 35 (35): 11550–11565. doi:10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01110. PMC 6750839. PMID 31310557.
  32. ^ Bazant, Martin Z. (May 8, 2004). "Conformal mapping of some non-harmonic functions in transport theory". Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences. 460 (2045): 1433–1452. arXiv:physics/0302086. Bibcode:2004RSPSA.460.1433B. doi:10.1098/rspa.2003.1218. S2CID 5972789.
  33. ^ Bazant, Martin Z.; Choi, Jaehyuk; Davidovitch, Benny (July 23, 2003). "Dynamics of Conformal Maps for a Class of Non-Laplacian Growth Phenomena". Physical Review Letters. 91 (4): 045503. arXiv:cond-mat/0303234. Bibcode:2003PhRvL..91d5503B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.91.045503. PMID 12906673. S2CID 5122186 – via APS.
  34. ^ Bazant, M. Z.; Moffatt, H. K. (October 27, 2005). "Exact solutions of the Navier–Stokes equations having steady vortex structures". Journal of Fluid Mechanics. 541: 55–64. Bibcode:2005JFM...541...55B. doi:10.1017/S0022112005006130. S2CID 8588734 – via Cambridge University Press.
  35. ^ Bazant, Martin Z. (June 9, 2016). "Exact solutions and physical analogies for unidirectional flows". Physical Review Fluids. 1 (2): 024001. arXiv:1601.03203. Bibcode:2016PhRvF...1b4001B. doi:10.1103/PhysRevFluids.1.024001. S2CID 9575488 – via APS.
  36. ^ Zhao, Hongbo; Storey, Brian D.; Braatz, Richard D.; Bazant, Martin Z. (February 14, 2020). "Learning the Physics of Pattern Formation from Images". Physical Review Letters. 124 (6): 060201. Bibcode:2020PhRvL.124f0201Z. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.124.060201. hdl:1721.1/125120. PMID 32109085. S2CID 211251438 – via PubMed.
  37. ^ Bazant, Martin Z.; Bush, John W. M. (April 27, 2021). "A guideline to limit indoor airborne transmission of COVID-19". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 118 (17): e2018995118. Bibcode:2021PNAS..11818995B. doi:10.1073/pnas.2018995118. PMC 8092463. PMID 33858987.
  38. ^ "International Society of Electrochemistry". www.ise-online.org.
  39. ^ "Power to the Plasma – Bose Fellows". bosefellows.mit.edu.
  40. ^ "Andreas Acrivos Award for Professional Progress in Chemical Engineering". www.aiche.org. June 3, 2014.
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