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Markarian 817

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Markarian 817
Mrk 817 taken by Hubble Space Telescope
Observation data (J2000 epoch)
ConstellationDraco
Right ascension14h 36m 22.068s
Declination+58d 47m 39.38s
Redshift0.031328
Heliocentric radial velocity9,392 km/s
Distance456 Mly (140 Mpc)
Apparent magnitude (V)14.6
Characteristics
TypeSBc, Sy1.5
Apparent size (V)0.6' x 0.6'
Notable featuresSeyfert galaxy
Other designations
UGC 9412, SBS 1434+590, CGCG 296-015, IRAS 14349+5900, PGC 52202

Markarian 817 is a barred spiral galaxy located in the constellation Draco. It is located 456 million light-years from Earth, which, given its apparent dimensions, means that Markarian 817 is about 80,000 light-years across.[1] It is a Seyfert galaxy.

Features

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The nucleus of Markarian 817 is found to be active. It is classified as a Seyfert 1.5[2] or Seyfert 1.2 galaxy by the recent work done, according to Koss et al. 2017.[3] The nucleus sits in a barred spiral galaxy, close to face-on and not typical for optically selected unobscured Seyferts.[4] There is evidence of dust along the galaxy's bar according to the Hubble image.[5]

A study conducted in February 2011, shows that the active core is not fixed as it shows strong variabilities in X-rays and ultraviolet rays (UV). The X-ray luminosity varies by a factor of ~40 over 20 years, while the UV continuum/emission lines vary at the most by a factor of ~2.3 over the past 30 years.[6][7]

A 2021 study shows that the X-ray spectrum in Markarian 817 is highly absorbed and there are new blueshifted, broad, and narrow UV absorption lines, suggesting a dust-free, ionized obscurer that is located in the inner broad-line region, partially covering the central source.[8] During the first 55 days, scientists observed there is a de-coupling of the UV continuum and the UV broad emission line variability. The next 42 days of the campaign showed the correlation recovering, as Markarian 817 entered the less obscured state. The short C IV and Lyα lags suggest that the accretion disk extends beyond the UV broad-line region.[8]

Markarian 817 has become a notable target of the AGN STORM 2 project, in which a group of astronomers led by Edward M. Cackett from the Wayne State University in Detroit, monitored the galaxy with the Neil Gehrels Swift Observatory for 15 months, during which they obtained observations in X-rays and six ultraviolet/optical filters to shed more light on Markarian 817.[9]

Further observations done in 2022 showed that the source flux in Markarian 817 has declined compared to that recorded at a prior point during the 19-year mission. From the deep XMM Newton and NuSTAR observations, the spectra presents a complex X-ray wind which consists of neutral and ionized absorption zones. Three velocity components are detected from the part of the structured ultra-fast outflow with v/c = 0.043 (+0.007,-0.003), v/c = 0.079 (+0.003,-0.0008), and v/c = 0.074 (+0.004,-0.005).[10] These suggest that the wind likely arises at radii that are smaller compared to the optical broad line region.[10]

Black hole

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An artist's impression of ultra-fast winds blasting out from the center of Markarian 817.

The central black hole in Markarian 817 has an estimated solar mass of (4.9 +/- 0.8) E+7 according to Peterson et al. 2004.[11] Such winds tend to move at many millions of kilometers per hour, thus cleaning up interstellar gas from their region of space. This cuts off the rate of production of new stars being formed in Markarian 817, leaving very little matter to feed the accretion disk.[12] This suggests that the black hole is experiencing a "temper tantrum" and is responsible for shaping its host galaxy.[13]

In an article in which Markarian 817 and another Seyfert galaxy NGC 7469 is studied, it is revealed both AGNs displayed time lags in the broad emission line, including H, H, He~{\sc ii} and He~{\sc i} and also the Fe~{\sc ii} for Markarian 817 with respect to the varying continuum at 5100~Å.[14] From the relationship of line widths and time lags, both galaxies showed that the broad-line regions (BLR) dynamics are consistent with the viral predication. Data provided from Markarian 817 showed almost the same kinetic structures, in which the time lags in the red wing is larger compared to the time lags in the blue wing. This indicates the BLR of Keplerian motion seemly has outflowing components during the monitoring period.[14]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Your NED Search Results". ned.ipac.caltech.edu. Retrieved 2024-05-12.
  2. ^ IIic, D.; Popovic, L C; Bon, E.; Mediavilla, E. G.; Chavushyan, V. H. "Complex emission line region of Mrk 817". academic.oup.com. Retrieved 2024-05-12.
  3. ^ Koss, Michael; Trakhtenbrot, Benny; Ricci, Claudio; Lamperti, Isabella; Oh, Kyuseok; Berney, Simon; Schawinski, Kevin; Baloković, Mislav; Baronchelli, Linda; Crenshaw, D. Michael; Fischer, Travis; Gehrels, Neil; Harrison, Fiona; Hashimoto, Yasuhiro; Hogg, Drew (2017-11-01). "BAT AGN Spectroscopic Survey. I. Spectral Measurements, Derived Quantities, and AGN Demographics". The Astrophysical Journal. 850 (1): 74. arXiv:1707.08123. Bibcode:2017ApJ...850...74K. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa8ec9. ISSN 0004-637X.
  4. ^ McLeod, K. K.; Rieke, G. H. (1995-03-01). "Near-Infrared Imaging of CfA Seyfert Galaxies". The Astrophysical Journal. 441: 96. Bibcode:1995ApJ...441...96M. doi:10.1086/175339. ISSN 0004-637X.
  5. ^ Pogge, Richard W.; Martini, Paul (2002-04-20). "Hubble Space TelescopeImaging of the Circumnuclear Environments of the CfA Seyfert Galaxies: Nuclear Spirals and Fueling". The Astrophysical Journal. 569 (2): 624–640. arXiv:astro-ph/0201185. Bibcode:2002ApJ...569..624P. doi:10.1086/339400. ISSN 0004-637X.
  6. ^ Winter, Lisa M.; Danforth, Charles; Vasudevan, Ranjan; Brandt, W. N.; Scott, Jennifer; Froning, Cynthia; Keeney, Brian; Shull, J. Michael; Penton, Steve; Mushotzky, Richard; Schneider, Donald P.; Arav, Nahum (2011-02-01). "Ultraviolet and X-ray Variability of the Seyfert 1.5 Galaxy Markarian 817". The Astrophysical Journal. 728 (1): 28. arXiv:1012.0592. Bibcode:2011ApJ...728...28W. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/728/1/28. ISSN 0004-637X.
  7. ^ Morales, Anthony M.; Miller, Jon M.; Cackett, Edward M.; Reynolds, Mark T.; Zoghbi, Abderahmen (2019-01-01). "X-Ray and UV Monitoring of the Seyfert 1.5 Galaxy Markarian 817". The Astrophysical Journal. 870 (1): 54. arXiv:1812.06945. Bibcode:2019ApJ...870...54M. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aaeff9. ISSN 0004-637X.
  8. ^ a b Kara, Erin; Mehdipour, Missagh; Kriss, Gerard A.; Cackett, Edward M.; Arav, Nahum; Barth, Aaron J.; Byun, Doyee; Brotherton, Michael S.; De Rosa, Gisella; Gelbord, Jonathan; Hernández Santisteban, Juan V.; Hu, Chen; Kaastra, Jelle; Landt, Hermine; Li, Yan-Rong (2021-12-01). "AGN STORM 2. I. First results: A Change in the Weather of Mrk 817". The Astrophysical Journal. 922 (2): 151. arXiv:2105.05840. Bibcode:2021ApJ...922..151K. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac2159. ISSN 0004-637X.
  9. ^ Nowakowski, Tomasz; Phys.org. "Observations shed more light on the properties of the galaxy Markarian 817". phys.org. Retrieved 2024-05-12.
  10. ^ a b Zak, Miranda K.; Miller, Jon M.; Behar, Ehud; Brandt, William N.; Brenneman, Laura; Draghis, Paul A.; Kammoun, Elias; Koss, Michael J.; Reynolds, Mark T. (2023-12-11), "Fierce Feedback in an Obscured, Sub-Eddington State of the Seyfert 1.2 Markarian 817", The Astrophysical Journal, 962 (1): L1, arXiv:2312.06487, Bibcode:2024ApJ...962L...1Z, doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ad1407, retrieved 2024-05-12
  11. ^ Zak, M. K.; Miller, J. M.; Reynolds, M. T.; Gediman, B.; Han, C.; Hemrattaphan, Y. (2022-04-01). "Recent Swift Monitoring of Mrk 817 Reveals an Extremely Low Flux State". The Astronomer's Telegram. 15316: 1. Bibcode:2022ATel15316....1Z.
  12. ^ "Strong black hole winds reshape a galaxy". www.esa.int. Retrieved 2024-05-12.
  13. ^ Joanna Thompson (2024-02-07). "Star-killing 'black hole wind' spotted in a distant galaxy could explain a major mystery at the Milky Way's center". livescience.com. Retrieved 2024-05-12.
  14. ^ a b Lu, Kai-Xing; Wang, Jian-Guo; Zhang, Zhi-Xiang; Huang, Ying-Ke; Xu, Liang; Xin, Yu-Xin; Yu, Xiao-Guang; Ding, Xu; Wang, De-Qing; Feng, Hai-Cheng (2021-09-01). "Reverberation Mapping Measurements of Black Hole Masses and Broad-Line Region Kinematics in Mrk 817 and NGC 7469". The Astrophysical Journal. 918 (2): 50. arXiv:2106.10589. Bibcode:2021ApJ...918...50L. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac0c78. ISSN 0004-637X.
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