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Maria Löhnis

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Maria Löhnis
Born21 January 1888
Frederiksoord, Drenthe, Netherlands
Died14 April 1964
Wageningen, Netherlands
Scientific career
FieldsPlant pathology, Microbiology
Thesis Onderzoek over Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary op de aardappelplant (Study of Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary on potato plants)[1]: 105   (1922)
Academic advisorsJohanna Westerdijk

Maria Petronella Löhnis (21 January 1888 - 14 April 1964) was a Dutch phytopathologist, microbiologist and botanist noted for studying potato diseases.[2][3][4]

Biography

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Maria (Rie) Löhnis was the daughter of Frederik Bernard Löhnis, an Inspector of Secondary Education, and Laurensina Johanna 's Jacob.[5][6]

Löhnis started working with Johanna Westerdijk at the Willie Commelin Scholten Phytopathological Laboratory in Amsterdam in 1913, and moved with the laboratory to Villa Java in Baarn in 1920.[5][7] Along with Marie Beatrice Schwarz, Löhnis was one of Westerdijk's first students. Her doctoral work at the University of Utrecht concerned the influence of weather on potato blight, caused by the oomycete pathogen Phytophthora infestans, and was funded by the Research and Advisory Committee for Public Welfare and National Defence.[8][5] This work resulted in her PhD thesis, entitled Investigation into Phytophthora infestans infection on potato plants (Dutch: Onderzoek over Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary op de aardappelplant).[9] Löhnis received her PhD in 1922.[8] This work also resulted in the publication of Investigation on the relation between the weather conditions and the occurrence of Potato Blight (Phytophthora infestans) in 1924.[10]

Between 1930 and 1944, Löhnis carried out investigations into the symbiotic relationship between plants and nitrogen fixing Rhizobium bacteria. This work was started in Madison, USA, and finished in the laboratory of Albert Kluyver in Delft. Löhnis found that Rhizobia bacteria are unable to fix nitrogen in pure culture.[2] During the Second World War, Löhnis worked in Wagenigen and published two books - Plant Nutrition (Dutch: Plantenvoeding) in 1946, and Role of Microorganisms in Daily Life (Dutch: Rol der Micro-organismen in het dagelijks leven) in 1948. Löhnis was also an editor for the journal, 'Antonie van Leeuwenhoek, Journal of Microbiology and Serology'.[2]

In 1963, Löhnis published a biography of Johanna Westerdijk.

References

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  1. ^ Faasse, Patricia; Jackson (translator to English), Beverley (2008). In Splendid Isolation: A History of the Willie Commelin Scholten Phytopathology Laboratory, 1894-1992. Amsterdam University Press. p. 302. doi:10.2307/j.ctt6wp5r0. {{cite book}}: |last2= has generic name (help)
  2. ^ a b c Wieringa, K. T. (December 1964). "In Memoriam Dr. Maria P. Löhnis". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 30 (1): 337–342. doi:10.1007/BF02046748. PMID 14274129. S2CID 25013135.
  3. ^ Faasse, Patricia (2008). In Splendid Isolation: A History of the Willie Commelin Scholten Phytopathology Laboratory 1894-1992. Amsterdam University Press. pp. 102–105. ISBN 9789069845418. Retrieved 23 September 2018.
  4. ^ "Dr. Maria Petronella Lohnis (1888-1964), reading". Smithsonian Institution Archives. 9 April 2015. Retrieved 23 September 2018.
  5. ^ a b c Faasse, Patricia (2008). In Splendid Isolation: A History of the Willie Commelin Scholten Phytopathology Laboratory 1894-1992. Amsterdam University Press. pp. 102–105. ISBN 9789069845418. Retrieved 23 September 2018.
  6. ^ Genealogie, Coret. "Birth Maria Petronella Löhnis in Frederiksoord (Vledder) (Netherlands)". Open Archives. Retrieved 2019-08-31.
  7. ^ Schippers, B.; Roosje, G.S. (2 June 1997). "Hundred years of history and the future of the Foundation 'Willie Commelin Scholten Phytopathological Laboratory'" (PDF). European Journal of Plant Pathology. 103 (7): 667–671. doi:10.1023/A:1008652401208. hdl:1874/1330. S2CID 45020270.
  8. ^ a b Wieringa, K. T. (December 1964). "In Memoriam Dr. Maria P. Löhnis". Antonie van Leeuwenhoek. 30 (1): 337–342. doi:10.1007/BF02046748. PMID 14274129. S2CID 25013135.
  9. ^ Löhnis, Maria Petronella (1922). Onderzoek over Phytophthora infestans (mont.) de by. op de aardappelplant (in Dutch). Rijks-Universiteit te Utrecht.
  10. ^ Löhnis, Maria Petronella (1924). Investigation on the relation between the weather conditions and the occurrence of Potato Blight (Phytophtora infestans) (in Dutch). Phytopathologisch Laboratorium Willie Commelin Scholten.
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