Margaret Tucker
Margaret Lilardia Tucker MBE (28 March 1904 – 23 August 1996)[1] was an Aboriginal Australian activist and writer who was among the first Aboriginal authors to publish an autobiography If Everyone Cared, in 1977; a new edition of this work was published in 2024.[2][3]
Early life
[edit]Margaret Tucker was born at Warrangesda Mission near Narrandera to William Clements, a Wiradjuri man, and Theresa Clements, née Middleton, a member of the Yorta Yorta Nation.[4] She spent her childhood at Cummeragunja Aboriginal Reserve.
In 1917, aged 13, she was forcibly removed to the Cootamundra Domestic Training Home for Aboriginal Girls, where she was badly treated.[5] After two years of training in white domestic practices, in 1919 she was sent to work for a white family in Sydney, where she was abused.[2] The Aborigines Protection Board intervened and she was given another placement from which she ran away. In 1925 the Board released her and she moved to Melbourne.[6]
Activism
[edit]In the 1930s Tucker began campaigning for Indigenous rights with William Cooper, Bill Onus and Douglas Nicholls and in 1932 was one of the founding members of the Australian Aborigines' League.[7] During this time she married and gave birth to a daughter, Mollie.[5] At first influenced by the Communist Party of Australia, she gravitated later towards the conservative Moral Re-Armament movement.[6] This deepened with an eight-month stay at Mackinac Island. In the 1960s she founded the United Council of Aboriginal and Islander Women and in 1964 she was the first Indigenous appointee to the Victorian Aborigines Welfare Board.[8]
Tucker was awarded the MBE in 1968, recognising her welfare services to Aboriginal Australians.[9]
Autobiography
[edit]Her 1977 autobiography If Everyone Cared was one of the first books to bring to light the mistreatment of her people.[10]
When originally published significant alterations were made to the text to cater to non-Indigenous readers who had limited knowledge of Aboriginal culture and, in doing so, Tucker's tone and content were altered. To address this her memoir was republished in 2024 as If Everyone Cared Enough: her voice reclaimed and this version draws directly from the handwritten manuscript which is held at the National Library of Australia.[3][11]
Awards
[edit]Margaret Tucker was inducted in the Victorian Women's Honour Roll, one of the first to receive the honour, in 2001.[12]
References
[edit]- ^ "Patron of VACCA – Margaret Elizabeth Tucker, MBE". Victorian Aboriginal Child Care Agency. Archived from the original on 24 September 2010. Retrieved 18 January 2022.
- ^ a b Wilson, Tikka Jan (2004). "Racism, Moral Community, and Australian Aboriginal Autobiographical Testimony". Biography. 27 (1): 78–103 (78, 87). doi:10.1353/bio.2004.0040. ISSN 1529-1456. S2CID 144255211.
- ^ a b "If Everyone Cared Enough". National Library of Australia. 1 May 2024. Retrieved 17 September 2024.
- ^ "Remembering Margaret Tucker (1904 – 1996)". Koori History - Aboriginal History of South Eastern Australia. 6 March 2016. Retrieved 18 February 2020.
- ^ a b Wilde, William H.; Hooton, Joy; Andrews, Barry (1994). The Oxford Companion to Australian Literature. Melbourne: Oxford University Press. pp. 760–61. ISBN 0-19-553381-X.
- ^ a b Jones, Jennifer (October 2001), "The Black Communist: The Contested Memory of Margaret Tucker", Hecate, 26: 135–145, ISSN 0311-4198
- ^ Land, Clare (4 May 2009). "Tucker, Margaret Elizabeth (1904 - 1996)". The Australian Women’s Register. Australian Women's Archives Project. Retrieved 9 May 2010.
- ^ "'Nan' still helps needy Aborigines". The Canberra Times. Vol. 50, no. 14, 267. Australian Capital Territory, Australia. 6 January 1976. p. 3. Retrieved 13 August 2016 – via National Library of Australia.
- ^ https://www.thegazette.co.uk/London/issue/44484/supplement/24, "Margaret Elizabeth Tucker. For welfare services to the aborigines."
- ^ Austlit. "If Everyone Cared : Autobiography of Margaret Tucker | AustLit: Discover Australian Stories". www.austlit.edu.au. Retrieved 17 September 2024.
- ^ MBE, Margaret Tucker (2024), If Everyone Cared Enough : Her Voice Reclaimed, NLA Publishing, ISBN 978-1-922507-07-5
- ^ "Margaret Elizabeth Tucker".
| International | |
|---|---|
| National | |
| People | |
| Other | |
- 1904 births
- 1996 deaths
- Australian autobiographers
- Australian indigenous rights activists
- Australian women human rights activists
- Australian Members of the Order of the British Empire
- Indigenous Australian writers
- Members of the Stolen Generations
- Wiradjuri people
- Australian women autobiographers
- 20th-century Australian women writers
- 20th-century Australian writers
- Yorta Yorta people