Jump to content

Margaret Hotchkiss

Add links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Margaret Hotchkiss
Alma materYale University
Scientific career
InstitutionsUniversity of Kentucky
ThesisThe influence of various salts upon the growth of bacterium communities (1922)

Margaret Hotchkiss was a distinguished professor at the University of Kentucky. She is a microbiologist known for her work on bacteria in seawater and sewage, and fungi that cause disease. In 1957, she was elected a fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology.

Education and career

[edit]

Hotchkiss grew up in Brooklyn, New York, and graduated from Packer Collegiate Institute and Vassar College.[1] In 1922, Hotchkiss earned a Ph.D. from Yale University.[2] Hotchkiss worked at New York Medical College for seventeen years.[1][3] She also worked at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution as a visiting researcher, and was a bacteriologist at the New Jersey Agricultural Experiment Station, and the Department of Health in Paterson, New Jersey.[3] In 1945 Hotchkiss joined the faculty at the University of Kentucky,[3] where she was promoted to associate professor in 1946.[4] She later became the head of the mycology department at the University of Kentucky,[5] and was named a distinguished professor in 1962.[1][6] Hotchkiss also served as the head of Sigma Xi,[1][6] and the head of the Kentucky-Tennessee branch of the Society of American Bacteriologists.[7][8] In 1964, Hotchkiss retired from teaching but continued conducting research.[9][10]

Research

[edit]

For her Ph.D., Hotchkiss investigated the positive and negative effects of cations on bacterial growth.[11] She then worked with Selman Waksman to assess whether bacteria in sea water could grow[12] and differences in data obtained from visual examination of bacteria compared to growth of bacteria on agar plates.[13] Her marine research included investigations into the nitrogen cycle mediated by bacteria in seawater,[14] and in 1946 she continued her interest in seawater bacteria when she reviewed Claude ZoBell's Marine Microbiology book.[15] Her subsequent research examined hexosidases in Escherichia coli,[16] and the bacterial community in Imhoff tanks[17] that are used for processing sewage.[18] Having become interested in fungi that cause disease while working in New York,[8] she later published on the bacteria found in the human mouth,[19] and biomedical research on histoplasmosis[20] and Nocardia.[21] After retiring from teaching, she focused on using a precision microtome to slice through bacterial cells[8] and investigated the internal structure of bacteria.[22][23]

Selected publications

[edit]
  • Hotchkiss, Margaret (March 1923). "Studies on Salt Action Vi. The Stimulating and Inhibitive Effect of Certain Cations Upon Bacterial Growth". Journal of Bacteriology. 8 (2): 141–162. doi:10.1128/jb.8.2.141-162.1923. PMC 379008. PMID 16558991.
  • Waksman, Selman A.; Hotchkiss, Margaret; Carey, Cornelia L. (1 October 1933). "Marine bacteria and their role in the cycle of life in the sea: II. bacteria concerned in the cycle of nitrogen in the sea". The Biological Bulletin. 65 (2): 137–167. doi:10.2307/1537170. ISSN 0006-3185. JSTOR 1537170.
  • Waksman, Selman A.; Reuszer, H. W.; Carey, Cornelia L.; Hotchkiss, Margaret; Renn, C. E. (1933). "Studies on the Biology and Chemistry of the Gulf of Maine. III. Bacteriological Investigations of the Sea Water and Marine Bottoms". Biological Bulletin. 64 (2): 183–205. doi:10.2307/1537228. ISSN 0006-3185. JSTOR 1537228.
  • Waksman, Selman A.; Hotchkiss, Margaret (1937). "On the oxidation of organic matter in marine sediments by bacteria". Journal of Marine Research. 78 (3): 151–166. doi:10.1357/002224020834162176 (inactive 1 November 2024). S2CID 240184203.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
  • Young, Barbara Burns; Hotchkiss, Margaret (1959-11-01). "Developmental morphology in the genus Nocardia". Mycopathologia et Mycologia Applicata. 11 (4): 297–310. doi:10.1007/BF02089505. ISSN 1573-0832. PMID 13846606. S2CID 2900587.

Awards and honors

[edit]

In 1957, Hotchkiss was a elected a charter fellow of the American Academy of Microbiology.[24] In 1959, she was named to Who's Who to honor her contribution to education.[25] The University of Kentucky named her as the 1962-1963 distinguished professor.[26] She was elected a fellow of the New York Academy of Sciences.[9][when?]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d "Dr. Hotchkiss is selected UK distinguished professor". The Lexington Herald. 1962-05-26. p. 1. Retrieved 2022-03-05.
  2. ^ Hotchkiss, Margaret (1922). The influence of various salts upon the growth of bacterium communis (Thesis). New Haven, Conn.: Yale University. OCLC 83820136.
  3. ^ a b c "Margaret Hotchkiss". Lexington Herald-Leader. 1965-05-09. p. 87. Retrieved 2022-03-05.
  4. ^ "Appointment Listed". The Lexington Herald. 1946-06-05. p. 2. Retrieved 2022-03-05.
  5. ^ "Chiropodists to elect today". The Lexington Herald. 1960-05-01. p. 2. Retrieved 2022-03-05.
  6. ^ a b "Dr. Hotchkiss". The Lexington Herald. 1962-05-26. p. 10. Retrieved 2022-03-05.
  7. ^ "Dr. Hotchkiss to head bacteriology society". The Lexington Herald. 1948-10-26. p. 15. Retrieved 2022-03-05.
  8. ^ a b c "Encourage students to face change, Dr. Hotchkiss says". The Lexington Herald. 1963-04-03. p. 15. Retrieved 2022-03-05.
  9. ^ a b "Dr. Hotchkiss, retiring, will continue research". Lexington Herald-Leader. 1964-01-20. p. 13. Retrieved 2022-03-05.
  10. ^ "UK microbiologist says research work to continue". The Lexington Herald. 1964-01-20. p. 6. Retrieved 2022-03-05.
  11. ^ Hotchkiss, Margaret (March 1923). "Studies on Salt Action Vi. The Stimulating and Inhibitive Effect of Certain Cations Upon Bacterial Growth". Journal of Bacteriology. 8 (2): 141–162. doi:10.1128/jb.8.2.141-162.1923. PMC 379008. PMID 16558991.
  12. ^ Waksman, Selman A.; Hotchkiss, Margaret (1937). "Viability of Bacteria in Sea Water". Journal of Bacteriology. 33 (4): 389–400. doi:10.1128/jb.33.4.389-400.1937. ISSN 0021-9193. PMC 545103. PMID 16560007.
  13. ^ Hotchkiss, Margaret; Waksman, Selman A. (1936). "Correlative Studies of Microscopic and Plate Methods for Evaluating the Bacterial Population of the Sea". Journal of Bacteriology. 32 (4): 423–432. doi:10.1128/jb.32.4.423-432.1936. ISSN 0021-9193. PMC 543808. PMID 16559963.
  14. ^ Waksman, Selman A.; Hotchkiss, Margaret; Carey, Cornelia L. (1 October 1933). "Marine bacteria and their role in the cycle of life in the sea: II. bacteria concerned in the cycle of nitrogen in the sea". The Biological Bulletin. 65 (2): 137–167. doi:10.2307/1537170. ISSN 0006-3185. JSTOR 1537170.<ref> In sediments, she examined how bacteria change organic matter into carbon dioxide. <ref>Waksman, Selman A.; Hotchkiss, Margaret (1937). "On the oxidation of organic matter in marine sediments by bacteria". Journal of Marine Research. 78 (3): 151–166. doi:10.1357/002224020834162176 (inactive 1 November 2024). S2CID 240184203.{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: DOI inactive as of November 2024 (link)
  15. ^ Hotchkiss, Margaret (1946). ZoBell, Claude E. (ed.). "Bacteria of the Ocean". The Scientific Monthly. 63 (3): 239–240. ISSN 0096-3771. JSTOR 18892.
  16. ^ Hotchkiss, Margaret (1935). "Evidence on the Specificity of Hexosidases A Comparison of the Activity of Escherichia coli and Escherichia communior". Journal of Bacteriology. 29 (4): 391–398. doi:10.1128/jb.29.4.391-398.1935. ISSN 0021-9193. OCLC 9173572015. PMC 543607. PMID 16559798.
  17. ^ Hotchkiss, Margaret; Murray, T. J. (1923). "The Relative Prevalence of Bacteria in an Imhoff Tank". American Journal of Public Health. 13 (7): 562–567. doi:10.2105/AJPH.13.7.562. ISSN 0271-4353. PMC 1354529. PMID 18010986.
  18. ^ Hotchkiss, Margaret (1924). "Studies on the Biology of Sewage Disposal a Sprinkling Filter Bed and ITS Bacteriological Population". Journal of Bacteriology. 9 (5): 455–461. doi:10.1128/jb.9.5.455-461.1924. ISSN 0021-9193. OCLC 9173591982. PMC 379072. PMID 16559061.
  19. ^ Hotchkiss, Margaret (1931). Review of current dental literature; Presence of fusiform bacilli and spirochetes in mouths of a group of young adults. Philadelphia : : S.S. White Dental Manufacturing Co. OCLC 658038959.
  20. ^ McClellan, James T.; Scherr, George H.; Hotchkiss, Margaret (1951). "A clinical, pathological, and mycological study of a fatal case of histoplasmosis in an infant". Mycopathologia et Mycologia Applicata. 6 (2): 86–91. doi:10.1007/BF02279181. ISSN 0301-486X. PMID 14941019. S2CID 35460355.
  21. ^ Young, Barbara Burns; Hotchkiss, Margaret (1959-11-01). "Developmental morphology in the genus nocardia". Mycopathologia et Mycologia Applicata. 11 (4): 297–310. doi:10.1007/BF02089505. ISSN 1573-0832. PMID 13846606. S2CID 2900587.
  22. ^ Edwards, O.F.; Hotchkiss, Margaret (1963). "DEVELOPMENTAL CYCLE OF AEROBIC ACTINOMYCTETES AS DEMONSTRATED IN ULTRATHIN SECTIONS". Journal of Applied Physics. 34 (8): 2528.
  23. ^ Hotchkiss, Margaret; Edwards, O.F. (1958). "THE MORPHOLOGICAL DETAILS OF NOCARDIA AS SEEN WITH THE ELECTRON MICROSCOPE". The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene. 7 (2): 248. ISSN 0002-9637.
  24. ^ "UK Bacteriologists Selected For Honor". The Dawson Springs Progress. 1957-03-21. p. 10. Retrieved 2022-03-05.
  25. ^ "Who's Who Names 11 UK Women". The Kentucky Kernel. April 7, 1959. Retrieved 2022-03-06.
  26. ^ "Clipped From Auburn News". Auburn News. 1962-06-06. p. 4. Retrieved 2022-03-05.
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Margaret_Hotchkiss&oldid=1254931527"