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Mar del Plata style

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A typical chalet marplatense

The Mar del Plata style (Spanish: Estilo Mar del Plata, chalet Mar del Plata or chalet marplatense[1]) is a vernacular architectural style very popular during the decades between 1935 and 1950 mainly in the Argentine resort city of Mar del Plata, but extended to nearby coastal towns like Miramar and Necochea.[2]

Origins

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Early example of Mar del Plata style

The style is also often associated in Argentina with the californiano ("Californian"), another vernacular type of house close connected with the American Mission Revival style.[3] Mar del Plata style's features, however, are more related to the older Mar del Plata's picturesque architecture, an eclectic style already popular among the upper-class people who used to spend summertime in this resort city between 1885 and 1945,[4] and to the American Craftsman style.[5] The precursor of the style was the Italian-born architectural engineer Alula Baldassarini, who popularized the use of stone on the frontispieces in 1925.[5] Some of these early examples were labeled chalet inglés ("English chalet"), a type of bungalow or cottage which flourished between 1925 and 1935.[6] Baldassarini also developed a cladding technique known as bastón roto ("'broken stick"), which consisted in rectangular stone bricks irregularly arranged on vertical and horizontal joints.[7]

At the beginning of the 20th century, the upward social mobility was quite more dynamic in Mar del Plata than in Buenos Aires itself, paving the road for a strong middle class, based on tourist services, the building industry and a prosperous commerce.[8] It was during this time that a new urban profile was born in the city, not by a process in which guidelines were designed by technocrats, but by a "democratic" one.[9] By the decade of 1940, the construction sector was regarded as the main industry of Mar del Plata.[10] This is the environment in which the Mar del Plata style emerged.[9]

The chalet marplatense became the materialization of the middle-class ideals, and it is at crossroads between the upper-class summer picturesque residences and the domestic scale, regarding both its social and architectural syncretism.[9] The houses also developed among the immigrants a sense of belonging to their new country.[11]

The rise of the style broke the hegemony of Buenos Aires within Argentina's architectural scene.[12]

Features

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A two-story Mar del Plata style chalet, designed by Raúl Camusso

The chalets were at first the production of builders with a great experience in the building of eclectic style mansions for summer, but without the skills of a real technician.[13] Nonetheless, the first generation of architects and architectural engineers from Mar del Plata, led by young professionals like Auro Tiribelli, Alberto Córsico Piccolini, José V. Coll, Gabriel Barroso or Raúl Camusso played a key role in the consolidation of the style during the late 1930s an early 1940s.[14][15] Some sources think of architect Tiribelli as the creator of this type of house.[12][16]

The chalet marplatense is the translation of the main characteristics of the eclecticism to the domestic space: quartzite stoned facades, monk and nun roof tiles or French tiles, gabled roofs, dormers, blind dormers, attached garage usually with a gable or a dormer on top, chimneys, blind chimneys, ornamental timber frames or log structures, wooden lintels, flowerbeds, front gardens, decorative door ironworks, decorative mission style lanterns and grilles, prominent eaves and stone-cladded porches, commonly vault-shaped or portico style.[17]

The orthoquartzite is also known in Argentina as Piedra Mar del Plata (Mar del Plata stone),[18] both because its use on the houses of this style and the abundance of sandstone quarries southwest of the city.[19] The orthoquartzite has been proposed for nomination to the Global Heritage Stone Resource.[18]

There is the possibility of a subcategorization depending on the main style upon which the chalet is based. In fact, Alberto Córsico Piccolini used to characterize some of his works as normando simplificado ("simplified Norman") when the basic design of the houses displays some features of the Norman architecture at domestic scale.[20]

The style raised some criticism, mostly because the overlapping of rooms and spaces on a reduced area.[21] This characteristic, however, adds contextual value to the townscape where the chalets are homogeneously grouped, usually semi-detached.[22]

Architect and researcher Javier Sáez describes this type of house as one of "domestic ostentation" of the "home of your dreams". He goes even further by coining the phrase "domestic obscenity".[23][24] Saéz also notices, rather than a syncretism, a conflict between the bourgeoisie pretense of the facades and the obvious taylorization of the floor plans.[25]

Preservation

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The neighborhoods of La Perla, Stella Maris, Playa Grande, Punta Mogotes and Alfar have today the main concentrations of Mar del Plata style houses.[26] These seaside areas attracted many middle-class tourists, particularly La Perla, thus the chalet played the dual role of home in winter and house for rent in the summer season.[27] A survey conducted in the earlier 2020s listed more than 1300 picturesque houses only at Stella Maris and La Perla, more than 700 of them Mar del Plata style strictly speaking.[28] The oldest residences built in Sierra de los Padres, a hilly area 12 miles west of the city, are also Mar del Plata style chalets.[29] Mass tourism since the 1950s, however, put at risk the survival of the traditional picturesque architecture in Mar del Plata, including the chalet marplatense, in favour of condominiums.[30][31]

There is a municipal agency which provides tax benefits for the owners to secure the maintenance or restoration of the houses and a handbook with preservation guidelines, created by architect Lorena Marina Sánchez.[26]

The style gives a strong identity to Mar del Plata's urban environment and marks Mar del Plata's transition from a seasonal resort town into a permanent city.[32]

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  • Typical vault-shaped porch on front, false front gable, attached garage with dormer on top and chimney
    Typical vault-shaped porch on front, false front gable, attached garage with dormer on top and chimney
  • A very similar arrangement showing signs of what Lorena Marina Sánchez describes as ataque orgánico or deterioration by mold fungi[33]
    A very similar arrangement showing signs of what Lorena Marina Sánchez describes as ataque orgánico or deterioration by mold fungi[33]
  • Yet another example featuring a vault-shaped, stone cladded porch on front with false gable hidden by a tree top and false chimney
    Yet another example featuring a vault-shaped, stone cladded porch on front with false gable hidden by a tree top and false chimney
  • Porch propped up by a stylized wooden beam, windows with wooden lintels and roof ending in prominent eaves
    Porch propped up by a stylized wooden beam, windows with wooden lintels and roof ending in prominent eaves
  • Another two-story chalet with hipped roof and dormer
    Another two-story chalet with hipped roof and dormer
  • Arch-shaped porch with wooden double gate and a flowerbed at the facade
    Arch-shaped porch with wooden double gate and a flowerbed at the facade
  • A Mar del Plata style chalet featuring some Norman characteristics (also known in Spanish as normando simplificado)
    A Mar del Plata style chalet featuring some Norman characteristics (also known in Spanish as normando simplificado)
  • A facade resembling those of the Basque traditional houses, with a two-sided roof
    A facade resembling those of the Basque traditional houses, with a two-sided roof
  • A refurnished chalet, until 2012 home to the Museo del Mar (Museum of the Sea). Owned by Globant company as of 2024
    A refurnished chalet, until 2012 home to the Museo del Mar (Museum of the Sea). Owned by Globant company as of 2024
  • A Mar del Plata style house with an ample, arched porche and a white orthoquartzite facade. One of the few extant on the city's sea front still in original conditions by 2024
    A Mar del Plata style house with an ample, arched porche and a white orthoquartzite facade. One of the few extant on the city's sea front still in original conditions by 2024
  • A full stone-cladded chalet with a rectangular, long layout and "embedded" portico-style porch
    A full stone-cladded chalet with a rectangular, long layout and "embedded" portico-style porch
  • A recently built 'revivalist' Mar del Plata style house in Parque Luro, in the northern outskirts of Mar del Plata
    A recently built 'revivalist' Mar del Plata style house in Parque Luro, in the northern outskirts of Mar del Plata
  • A refurnished early example of Mar del Plata style house
    A refurnished early example of Mar del Plata style house
  • A "rustic" example of Mar del Plata style house
    A "rustic" example of Mar del Plata style house
  • Typical arrangement of attached garage with gable above
    Typical arrangement of attached garage with gable above

See also

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Citations

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  1. ^ Harris, Juan I.; Gómez, José Carlos (1 November 1941). "Grandes concepciones y pequeños detalles". La Construcción Marplatense (in Spanish). 5 (59). Mar del Plata: Centro de Constructores y Anexos de Mar del Plata: frontpage – via Colegio de Arquitectos de la Provincia de Buenos Aires.
  2. ^ Sáez, p. 273
  3. ^ La ciudad que el Peronismo imaginó Archived 2017-01-01 at the Wayback Machine by Matilde Sánchez. Clarín, 1 October 2005 (in Spanish)
  4. ^ Crespo & Cova, p. 7
  5. ^ a b Aliata, Fernando (2004). Diccionario de arquitectura en la Argentina: Estilos, obras, biografías, instituciones, ciudades. Diario de Arquitectura de Clarín, p. 69. ISBN 950-782-422-7 (in Spanish)
  6. ^ Sáez, p. 281
  7. ^ Tandil y Mar del Plata: dos historias, dos ciudades, dos tipos de patrimonio modesto, by Lorena Marina Sánchez and Fernando Cacopardo. Arquitextos, May 2012 (in Spanish)
  8. ^ Haumont, p. 169
  9. ^ a b c Haumont, p. 167
  10. ^ Harris, Juan I.; Gómez, José Carlos (1 August 1943). "Audición de LU 6 Radio Atlántica de Mar del Plata". La Construcción Marplatense (in Spanish). 7 (580). Mar del Plata: Centro de Constructores y Anexos de Mar del Plata: 21 – via Colegio de Arquitectos de la Provincia de Buenos Aires.
  11. ^ Sáez, pp. 285-286
  12. ^ a b Ramella, Nino. Tiribelli's obituary, 5 May 2006 La Capital newspaper (in Spanish)
  13. ^ Sáez, p. 274
  14. ^ Patrimonio en riesgo Colegio de Arquitectos de la Provincia de Buenos Aires - issue #9, October 2005 (in Spanish)
  15. ^ Crespo & Cova, p. 110
  16. ^ "Arquitectura marplatense – ARQA". ARQA (in European Spanish). Archived from the original on 2016-04-24. Retrieved 2016-04-10.
  17. ^ Sáez, p. 294
  18. ^ a b Cravero, Fernanda; et al. (8 July 2014). 'Piedra Mar del Plata': An Argentine orthoquartzite worthy of being considered as a 'Global Heritage Stone Resource'. Geological Society, London. ISBN 9781862396852. Retrieved 3 April 2015.
  19. ^ Quintas y canteras en Mar del Plata Mar del Plata.com (in Spanish)
  20. ^ Patrimonio Arquitectónico Marplatense Archived 2016-04-06 at the Wayback Machine (in Spanish)
  21. ^ Sáez, p. 301
  22. ^ Una parte en el todo ciudadano: El Contextualismo La Nación, 25 April 2001 (in Spanish)
  23. ^ Anales del Instituto de Arte Americano e Investigaciones (1992), Issues 29-32, p. 124 (in Spanish)
  24. ^ Sáez, p. 293
  25. ^ Sáez, p. 295
  26. ^ a b Sánchez, Lorena Marina: Chaleterapia. Estructura administrativa municipal para la preservación de los chalecitos "estilo Mar del Plata" (in Spanish)
  27. ^ Zuppa, Graciela (2001). Construcciones y representaciones en los nuevos escenarios de la naturaleza costera: Mar del Plata norte en sus orígenes. Londrina, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, p. 77. (in Spanish)
  28. ^ Sánchez, Lorena Marina; Benítez, Analía Ester (2021). "Arquitectura doméstica y protección devota: imágenes religiosas en las fachadas de los chalets marplatenses". Revista Legado de Arquitectura y Diseño (in Spanish). 16 (29).
  29. ^ "Paseo Sierra de los Padres de Mar del Plata". www.puntomardelplata.com.ar (in Spanish). Retrieved 2016-08-20.
  30. ^ Sánchez (2008)
  31. ^ "La Perla, el barrio en el que el boom inmobiliario "demolió" la identidad". www.0223.com.ar (in Spanish). Retrieved 2019-02-10.
  32. ^ "LA OBRA DE LOS ARQUITECTOS CÓRSICO PICCOLINI y TIRIBELLI Su aporte a la identidad barrial marplatense" (PDF). Colegio de Arquitectos de la Provincia de Buenos Aires.
  33. ^ Sánchez, Lorena Marina: Chaleterapia A preservation guide (in Spanish)

General and cited references

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  • Gómez Crespo, Raúl Arnaldo, Cova, Roberto Osvaldo (1982). Arquitectura marplatense: el pintoresquismo (in Spanish). Editorial del Instituto Argentino de Investigaciones de Historia de la Arquitectura y del Urbanismo.
  • Haumont, Nicole (1998). L'urbain dans tous ses états: faire, vivre et dire la ville (in French). Collection Habitat et sociétés, Harmattan. ISBN 2-7384-6434-3.
  • Sáez, Javier A. (1997). La máquina promiscua. El Estilo Mar del Plata y la formación del espacio doméstico entre 1935 y 1950 (in Spanish). Chapter VII "Mar del Plata, Ciudad e Historia". Alianza Editorial. ISBN 950-40-0155-6.
  • Sánchez, Lorena Marina: Chaleterapia A preservation guide (in Spanish)
  • Sánchez, Lorena Marina (2008). "Patrimonio modesto en movimiento: diálogos urbanos entre historia social e arquitectura" (in Spanish). Vitruvius magazine.
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