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Manasseh Sogavare

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The Honourable
Manasseh Sogavare
Sogavare in 2016
Minister of Finance
Incumbent
Assumed office
6 May 2024
Prime MinisterJeremiah Manele
Preceded byHarry Kuma
In office
16 November 2017 – 15 November 2019
Prime MinisterRick Houenipwela
Preceded byJohn Maneniaru
Succeeded byHarry Kuma
In office
24 August 1997 – July 1998
Prime MinisterBartholomew Ulufa'alu
Preceded byMichael Maina
Succeeded byBartholomew Ulufa'alu
Prime Minister of Solomon Islands
In office
24 April 2019 – 2 May 2024
Monarchs
Governors‑General
DeputyManasseh Maelanga
Preceded byRick Houenipwela
Succeeded byJeremiah Manele
In office
9 December 2014 – 15 November 2017
MonarchElizabeth II
Governor‑GeneralFrank Kabui
Preceded byGordon Darcy Lilo
Succeeded byRick Houenipwela
In office
4 May 2006 – 20 December 2007
MonarchElizabeth II
Governor‑GeneralNathaniel Waena
Preceded bySnyder Rini
Succeeded byDerek Sikua
In office
30 June 2000 – 17 December 2001
MonarchElizabeth II
Governor‑GeneralJohn Lapli
Preceded byBartholomew Ulufa'alu
Succeeded byAllan Kemakeza
Incumbent
Assumed office
6 August 1997
Preceded byAllan Qurusu
Personal details
Born
Manasseh Damukana Sogavare

(1955-01-17) 17 January 1955 (age 69)
Popondetta, Northern Province, Territory of Papua and New Guinea
Political partyOUR Party (2010; since 2019)
Other political
affiliations
SpouseEmmy Sogavare
Manasseh Sogavare's voice
Recorded 10 July 2023

Manasseh Damukana Sogavare (born 17 January 1955) is a Solomon Islander politician serving as Minister of Finance since 2024. He served as the prime minister of Solomon Islands for a total of nine years from 2000–2001, 2006–2007, 2014–2017, and 2019–2024.[1] Sogavare has served in the National Parliament representing East Choiseul since 1997.[2]

Sogavare has been widely accused of promoting democratic backsliding in Solomon Islands.[3][4] The Solomon Islands under Sogavare has been criticised by many as being increasingly autocratic[5] or even authoritarian.[6][7] Despite earning a modest formal salary, he has accrued a vast[clarification needed] real estate portfolio, raising questions about his sources of income.[8]

Early life

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Sogavare was born in Popondetta, Northern Province, Papua New Guinea on 17 January 1955 to missionary parents from Choiseul Island, Solomon Islands. He has four older brothers: Moses, Samson, John, and Jacob. Later in life, Manasseh and his older brother Jacob moved to the Solomon Islands.[9]

Political career

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Early career

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Sogavare was the Permanent Secretary of the Ministry of Finance from February 1994 to October 1996. Prior to his election to Parliament, he served as the Commissioner of Inland Revenue, Director of the Central Bank of the Solomon Islands, and Chairman of the Solomon Islands National Provident Fund. He was first elected to the National Parliament from the East Choiseul constituency in the 6 August 1997 election.

Under Prime Minister Bartholomew Ulufa'alu, Sogavare became Minister of Finance and Treasury in 1997[2] but was dismissed from that post by Ulufa'alu in mid-July 1998.[10] Sogavare said that he was shocked at the dismissal, as he could see no reason for it and no reason was given, and he demanded an explanation.[11] A few days later, Ulufa'alu said that the decision was motivated by the need for the government to maintain the numbers to stay in power.[12] In early August 1998, Sogavare withdrew his support for Ulufa'alu and his government, accusing Ulufa'alu of authoritarian and hypocritical leadership and of emphasizing stability only to protect himself.[13]

Sogavare was chosen as the deputy leader of the opposition in late September 1998, with Solomon Mamaloni as the leader.[14] Following Mamaloni's death in January 2000, Sogavare was elected as the leader of the opposition later that month. He received the votes of all ten members of the opposition who were present.[15]

Prime minister (2000–2001)

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Sogavare was elected as prime minister by parliament on 30 June 2000, with 23 votes in favor and 21 against, after Ulufa'alu was captured by rebels and forced to resign.[16][17] He served as prime minister until 17 December 2001.

Out of office (2001–2006)

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His party won only three seats in the 2001 general election, but Sogavare was re-elected to his seat in Parliament.[2]

In Parliament, Sogavare was a member of the Bills and Legislation Committee in 2002 and again from 2005 to April 2006.[2]

Following the 2006 general election, Sogavare led the Solomon Islands Social Credit Party into a coalition to oust Prime Minister Allan Kemakeza's chosen successor Snyder Rini, but there was much disagreement about who should be its candidate for Prime Minister. On 18 April 2006, he received 11 of 50 votes to become prime minister, placing him third. He then switched his support to Rini, allowing Rini to become prime minister while Sogavare became part of the coalition and was named Minister for Commerce, Industries and Employment.[2]

Prime minister (second term, 2006–2007)

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Following Rini's resignation on 26 April 2006, Sogavare decided to attempt again to become prime minister. This time the opponents of Kemakeza and Rini united behind him, and in parliamentary vote on 4 May 2006, he received 28 votes, defeating the government candidate Fred Fono, who received 22 votes. Sogavare was immediately sworn in.[18] His main tasks included organizing the recovery from rioting that took place during Rini's time as prime minister.

On 11 October 2006, Sogavare survived a no-confidence vote in parliament; the motion, introduced by Fono, was supported by 17 members of parliament, while 28 voted against it.[19] The no-confidence vote was prompted by deteriorating relations with Australia. Sogavare had expelled the Australian High Commissioner Patrick Cole in September and defended the Solomons' suspended attorney general, Julian Moti, who Australia wanted extradited to face child sex charges there. Moti presently faces charges in the Solomons for illegally entering the country.[20] On 13 October, Sogavare threatened to expel Australia from an assistance mission in the Solomons,[21] and a week later Australian peacekeepers from the Regional Assistance Mission to Solomon Islands raided Sogavare's office (when he was not present) looking for evidence related to the Moti case.[22]

On 13 December 2007, Sogavare was defeated in a parliamentary vote of no confidence; the motion against him received 25 votes, with 22 in opposition. He remained in office in a caretaker capacity until the election of a new Prime Minister[23] on 20 December, when opposition candidate Derek Sikua was elected, defeating Patteson Oti who had been Foreign Minister under Sogavare.[24] On the same date, Sogavare became Leader of the Opposition.[2]

Leader of the Opposition (2007–2014)

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In 2010, Sogavare and eight other MPs established the Ownership, Unity and Responsibility Party,[25] which won three seats in the 2010 general election.

Prime minister (third term, 2014–2017)

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Sogavare meets with Taiwanese President Tsai Ing-wen in July 2016

Following the 19 November 2014 general election, Sogavere became prime minister for the third time.[26] On 22 September 2017 Sogavare spoke at the United Nations General Assembly. He condemned North Korea for their testing of ballistic missiles. He also condemned Indonesia for violence in West Papua.[27] On 7 November 2017, seventeen members of his Democratic Coalition for Change voted against him in another motion of no-confidence. The lawmaker who submitted the motion of no confidence, Derek Sikua, claimed that Sogavere had lost touch with reality and become fixated on conspiracy theories, while Sogavere attributed the defections to a proposed anti-graft bill, saying that some MPs were afraid it would lead to them being imprisoned.[28][29] Sogavere remained as Acting Prime Minister until Rick Houenipwela was elected on 15 November 2017. Sogavare then became finance minister and deputy prime minister.[10]

Prime minister (fourth term, 2019–2024)

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Sogavare with US Deputy Secretary of State Wendy Sherman in 2022

Shortly after the 2019 general election, Sogavare relaunched the Ownership, Unity and Responsibility Party (OUR).[30] On 24 April 2019, he was once again elected Prime Minister with more than half the vote. There is controversy surrounding the election since a court issued an injunction to postpone the vote. The Governor General, Frank Kabui, chose to proceed with the election because, under the constitution of the Solomon Islands, the Governor-general has immunity from the courts when conducting the election of the prime minister.[31] After Sogavare was re-elected there was rioting in Honiara forcing shops and offices to close. Additionally, rioters did damage to the Pacific Casino Hotel which was used by Sogavare as his campaign headquarters.[32][33]

On 16 September 2019, Sogavare's government recognised the People's Republic of China (PRC), switching recognition from the Republic of China after 36 years. In a statement Sogavare announced the decision as representing an advance of Solomon Islands national interests, an outcome of a bi-partisan taskforce to investigate and confirm the facts surrounding the 'One China Principle', and reporting by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and External Trade.[34] Responding to questions about caucus unity on the decision, Sogavare presented it as "a collective agreement agreed to by all the Democratic Coalition Government for Advancement (DCGA) coalition MPs elected into the 11th parliament, conducted in a very open and transparent manner as far as government caucus is concerned".[34] The decision caused significant political and public debate in Solomon Islands. In the wake of the decision, planning minister Rick Hou and justice minister, Tautai Kaitu'u were sacked. Hou claimed Sogavare lied about the process for recognising the PRC, claiming the decision was pre-determined.[35] Deputy Prime Minister John Maneniaru and Education Minister Dean Kuku were terminated, with Police Minister Lanelle Tanagada opting to resign.[36]

Malaita Province, however, continued to be supported by Taiwan and the United States, the latter sending US$25 million of aid to the island in 2020.[37] The premier of Malaita Province, Daniel Suidani, also held an independence referendum in 2020 which the national government has dismissed as illegitimate.[38]

Riots broke out in November 2021 during which anti-government protesters, most of them from Malaita Province, burnt down buildings adjoining the Solomon Islands Parliament Building,[39] while also looting Honiara's Chinatown.[40][41] Sogavare himself resisted calls to resign, warning that the rioters would "face consequences" while also accusing them of being "politically motivated".[42][43]

Australia responded to the unrest by deploying Australian Federal Police and Australian Defence Force personnel following a request from the Sogavare government under the Australia–Solomon Islands Bilateral Security Treaty.[44] Papua New Guinea and Fiji also sent peacekeepers.[45][46]

On 6 December 2021, he survived a motion of no confidence in the National Parliament.[47]

In 2022, Sogavare entered the Solomon Islands into a wide-ranging security pact with China.[48]

While the 2024 general elections were initially planned for 2023, parliament voted in 2022 to delay the elections with Sogavare claiming that the country could not afford to have an election in the same year it was hosting the Pacific Games. The opposition condemned the delay and accused Sogavare of a power grab.[49] Ultimately, Sogavare led OUR party to win a leading fifteen seats and over 24% of the vote in the elections.[50] On 29 April, Sogavare announced he would step down as OUR Party leader and not seek another term as prime minister in the 2 May parliamentary vote, which he said was a "collective decision". OUR Party's bloc, the Coalition of National Unity and Transformation, which also included the Kadere and People First parties, nominated Foreign Minister Jeremiah Manele for prime minister, who succeeded Sogavare as OUR Party leader.[51][52] Manele became prime minister on 2 May, after defeating Matthew Wale in a parliamentary vote.[53] Sogavare was subsequently appointed finance minister.[54]

Personal life

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Sogavare is married to Emmy Sogavare, and has three children: Brandt, Shannon and Maydrel.[55] Emmy Sogavare owns a café, known as Shadel Café.[56]

As PM, Sogavare earns a salary of 428,560 Solomon Islands dollars (around US$50,000).[8]

Sogavare has a black belt in karate.[48]

Religion

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Sogavare is a member of the Seventh-day Adventist Church.[48] He dedicated the Sogavare Memorial Seventh-day Adventist Church in memory of his father Sagavare Loko.[57]

References

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  1. ^ Moore, Clive (24 June 2022). "Solomon Islands Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare in Perspective". Center for Australian, New Zealand & Pacific Studies. Walsh School of Foreign Service | Georgetown University. Archived from the original on 12 April 2024. Retrieved 26 April 2024.
  2. ^ a b c d e f Page on Sogavare at Solomon Islands Parliament website Archived 6 July 2012 at the Wayback Machine.
  3. ^ "Solomon Islands is threatening to ban foreign journalists. Here's why". SBS News. Archived from the original on 24 January 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
  4. ^ "Solomons PM Wins In Bid To Delay Election To 2024". www.barrons.com. Archived from the original on 24 January 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
  5. ^ "Mercurial and combative Solomon Islands leader reaps benefits where he may". Benar News. Archived from the original on 24 January 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
  6. ^ "Solomon Islands Prime Minister Manasseh Sogavare is coming to Australia. What should we expect from his visit? | Lowy Institute". www.lowyinstitute.org. Archived from the original on 24 January 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
  7. ^ "Solomon Islands: Election Delay Would Threaten Peace and Democracy". United States Institute of Peace. Archived from the original on 24 January 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
  8. ^ a b "Solomon Islands PM Has Millions in Property, Raising Questions Around Wealth". OCCRP. 2024. Archived from the original on 8 April 2024. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
  9. ^ Solomons PM Wants PNG Citizenship After He Retires From Politics Archived 23 July 2019 at the Wayback Machine Pacific Islands Report Retrieved 7 March 2019
  10. ^ a b "Sogavare, Hon. Manasseh Damukana | National Parliament of Solomon Islands". www.parliament.gov.sb. Archived from the original on 2 May 2021. Retrieved 28 September 2020.
  11. ^ "Solomon Islands finance minister "shocked" by dismissal", Radio New Zealand International (nl.newsbank.com), 16 July 1998.
  12. ^ "Solomon Islands premier says need to maintain numbers behind reshuffle", Radio New Zealand International (nl.newsbank.com), 21 July 1998.
  13. ^ "Solomon Islands: Sacked finance minister withdraws support for premier", Radio New Zealand International (nl.newsbank.com), 4 August 1998.
  14. ^ "Solomon Islands: Former premier back as opposition leader", Radio New Zealand International (nl.newsbank.com), 30 September 1998.
  15. ^ "Solomon Islands opposition gets new leader, renames party", Solomon Islands Broadcasting Corporation radio (nl.newsbank.com), 28 January 2000.
  16. ^ "Solomon Islands lawmakers elect new prime minister", Associated Press (nl.newsbank.com), 30 June 2000.
  17. ^ "Lawmakers elect opposition leader Solomon Islands prime minister", Associated Press, 30 June 2000.
  18. ^ "Solomon Islands prime minister sworn in", Radio Australia (nl.newsbank.com), 5 May 2006.
  19. ^ "Solomons Prime Minister Wins No-Confidence Vote" Archived 12 October 2006 at the Wayback Machine, VOA News, 11 October 2006.
  20. ^ "Sogavare Survives Vote"[permanent dead link], Special Broadcasting Service (Australia), 12 October 2006.
  21. ^ "Australia-Solomons diplomatic row escalates" Archived 1 December 2008 at the Wayback Machine, Gulfnews.com, 15 October 2006.
  22. ^ Phil Mercer, "Solomon Islands PM offices raided" Archived 7 April 2012 at the Wayback Machine, BBC News, 20 October 2006.
  23. ^ Tom Allard, "Solomon Islands Prime Minister ousted" Archived 24 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine, The Sydney Morning Herald, 14 December 2007.
  24. ^ "Solomon Islands MPs elect new PM" Archived 12 October 2012 at the Wayback Machine, Xinhua, 20 December 2007.
  25. ^ "New political party launched in Solomon Islands". Radio New Zealand International. 17 January 2010. Archived from the original on 17 March 2012. Retrieved 18 January 2010.
  26. ^ Solomon Islands: Former Target Of Australian Regime-Change Operation Re-Elected Prime Minister Archived 4 April 2019 at the Wayback Machine African Globe Retrieved 7 March 2019
  27. ^ H. E. Mr. Manasseh Damukana Sogavare, Prime Minister Archived 8 March 2019 at the Wayback Machine United Nations Retrieved 7 March 2019
  28. ^ "Manasseh Sogavare toppled as Solomons prime minister". Reuters. 7 November 2017. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
  29. ^ "Solomons PM loses no-confidence vote". AFP news. 7 November 2017. Archived from the original on 7 November 2017. Retrieved 7 November 2017.
  30. ^ "Sogavare relaunches party amid Solomons coalition talks". Radio New Zealand. 11 April 2019. Archived from the original on 15 February 2023. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
  31. ^ "Manasseh Sogavare elected prime minister of Solomon Islands". Radio New Zealand. 24 April 2019. Archived from the original on 27 April 2019. Retrieved 30 April 2019.
  32. ^ "Ex-PM wins Solomons run-off sparking riots". Japan Times. Archived from the original on 24 April 2019. Retrieved 25 July 2019.
  33. ^ "Pacific News Minute:Protests, Riots Follow Election Of New Prime Minister In Solomon Islands". Hawai'i Public Radio. 25 April 2019. Archived from the original on 26 April 2019. Retrieved 25 July 2019.
  34. ^ a b "Statement by the Prime Minister Hon. Manasseh Sogavare On Switch to China – Solomon Times Online". SolomonTimes.com. Archived from the original on 23 September 2019. Retrieved 19 October 2019.
  35. ^ "Sacked Solomons minister says PM lied, China switch 'pre-determined'". RNZ. 27 September 2019. Archived from the original on 27 September 2019. Retrieved 19 October 2019.
  36. ^ "Solomon Islands: Deputy PM sacked, more firings expected over China fallout". ABC Radio Australia. 1 October 2019. Archived from the original on 10 July 2022. Retrieved 19 October 2019.
  37. ^ "China convinced the Solomons to switch allegiances. Its one rebel province is now in line for $35m in US aid". ABC News. 15 October 2020. Archived from the original on 26 November 2021. Retrieved 26 November 2021.
  38. ^ Kaye, Ron; Packham, Colin (25 November 2021). "Australia to deploy police, military to Solomon Islands as protests spread". Reuters. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 26 November 2021.
  39. ^ Lagan, Bernard. "Solomon Islands protesters burn parliament and Chinese shops in anti-Beijing riots". The Times. ISSN 0140-0460. Archived from the original on 27 November 2021. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  40. ^ "Solomon Islands: Australia sends peacekeeping troops amid riots". BBC News. 25 November 2021. Archived from the original on 29 December 2021. Retrieved 25 November 2021.
  41. ^ "Australia sending troops to Solomon Islands as protests spread". CBC News. Archived from the original on 25 November 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2021.
  42. ^ "Solomons PM warns capital rioters 'will face consequences'". France 24. 25 November 2021. Archived from the original on 25 November 2021. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
  43. ^ Zhuang, Yan (25 November 2021). "Protests Rock Solomon Islands: Here's What's Behind the Unrest". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on 15 January 2022. Retrieved 1 December 2021.
  44. ^ Andrews, Karen (25 November 2021). "Joint media release – Solomon Islands" (Press release). Canberra: Australian Government. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 26 November 2021.
  45. ^ "Riots rock Solomon Islands capital for third day despite peacekeepers". Agence France-Presse. 26 November 2021. Archived from the original on 11 December 2021. Retrieved 27 November 2021 – via France 24.
  46. ^ "Fiji sends 50 peacekeepers to Solomon Islands". the Guardian. Agence France-Presse and Reuters. 29 November 2021. Archived from the original on 25 December 2021. Retrieved 29 November 2021.
  47. ^ "Solomon Islands PM survives no-confidence vote after unrest". BBC News. 6 December 2021. Archived from the original on 21 December 2021. Retrieved 6 December 2021.
  48. ^ a b c Knott, Matthew (16 September 2022). "Manasseh Sogavare: the 'paranoid' Pacific leader tormenting Canberra". The Sydney Morning Herald. Archived from the original on 8 April 2024. Retrieved 8 April 2024.
  49. ^ Lyons, Kate (10 August 2022). "Solomon Islands PM's election delay push a 'power grab' linked to China pact, opposition leader alleges". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 29 November 2022. Retrieved 21 November 2023.
  50. ^ "Solomon Islands pro-China PM Manasseh Sogavare fails to secure majority". Al Jazeera. Archived from the original on 24 April 2024. Retrieved 24 April 2024.
  51. ^ Hawkins, Koroi (30 April 2024). "Manasseh Sogavare bows out of prime ministerial race in Solomon Islands". Radio New Zealand. Archived from the original on 29 April 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
  52. ^ Kusu, Fredrick (29 April 2024). "Coalition for National Unity and Transformation nominates Jeremiah Manele as PM Candidate". Solomon Islands Broadcasting Corporation. Archived from the original on 29 April 2024. Retrieved 1 May 2024.
  53. ^ Hawkins, Koroi (2 May 2024). "Jeremiah Manele is new Solomon Islands Prime Minister". Radio New Zealand. Archived from the original on 2 May 2024. Retrieved 12 May 2024.
  54. ^ "Nine more Ministers sworn-in". Solomon Islands Broadcasting Corporation. 6 May 2024. Archived from the original on 7 May 2024. Retrieved 12 May 2024.
  55. ^ "PM Sogavare celebrates 61st birthday". Solomon Star News. 18 January 2016. Archived from the original on 24 January 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
  56. ^ "Solomon Islands Prime Minister's wife given $400, 000 food contract". One Papua New Guinea. Archived from the original on 24 January 2024. Retrieved 26 January 2024.
  57. ^ "Sogavare dedicates church in memory of his late father". Solomon Today Post. 17 December 2015. Archived from the original on 8 March 2019. Retrieved 7 March 2019.
[edit]
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Assembly seats
Preceded by
Allan Qurusu
 Member of Parliament for East Choiseul
1997–present 		Incumbent
Political offices
Preceded by
Michael Maina
 Minister of Finance
1997–1998 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Bartholomew Ulufa'alu
 Prime Minister of Solomon Islands
2000–2001 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Prime Minister of Solomon Islands
2006–2007 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Prime Minister of Solomon Islands
2014–2017 		Succeeded by
Preceded by Minister of Finance
2017–2019 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Rick Houenipwela
 Prime Minister of Solomon Islands
2019–2024 		Succeeded by
Preceded by
Harry Kuma
 Minister of Finance
2024–present 		Incumbent
Party political offices
Party re-established Leader of the Ownership, Unity and Responsibility Party
2019–2024 		Succeeded by
Jeremiah Manele
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