Mammea africana
| Mammea africana | |
|---|---|
Scientific classification 
| |
| Kingdom: | Plantae |
| Clade: | Tracheophytes |
| Clade: | Angiosperms |
| Clade: | Eudicots |
| Clade: | Rosids |
| Order: | Malpighiales |
| Family: | Calophyllaceae |
| Genus: | Mammea |
| Species: | M. africana
|
| Binomial name | |
| Mammea africana G. Don, 1831
| |
Mammea africana is a medium to large sized tree within the family Calophyllaceae, it is also known as African mammee apple and its timber is traded under the trade name, Oboto. Mammea africana is found in evergreen and semi deciduous forests in West and Central Tropical Africa.[1]
Description
[edit]A medium to large sized tree that can grow up to 40 meters tall with a dark green crown of short spreading branches, it has a cylindrical and straight trunk, that can be up to 27 meters tall without branches. Leaves are simple, coriaceous and thick, the upper surface is glossy dark green while beneath is less shiny and glabrous, the petiole is 0.4–1.5 cm long; leaf-blade is elliptical to oblong in outline, 12–26 cm long and 4–10 cm wide.[2] Flower is axillary on leafy shoots and cauliflorous, with buds that are globular; pedicel is up to 4 cm long, petals are 4, white and caducous, up to 3 cm long.[2] Fruit is a thick drupe, warty, up to 10 cm long, pale yellow in color, it has a coriaceous exocarp, while the mesocarp is juicy and fibrous, yellowish in color, the seed in the endocarp can be up to 65.7mm (2.6 inches) long and 48.7mm (1.9 inches) in thickness. but its most remarkable characteristic is that these seeds have no cotyledons (seed leaves) [3] [2]
Distribution
[edit]Occurs in from Sierra Leone, eastwards to Angola and the Democratic Republic of the Congo.
Chemistry
[edit]Test on stem bark extracts of Mammea africana identified the presence of coumarin derivatives many identified in Mammea americana, such as mammea A/AA, mammea B/BB and mammea A/AB, the compounds showed inhibitory effects on microbial activity but also indicated moderate cytotoxicity of a human cell line.[4]
Uses
[edit]Extracts of the species are used to treat fever, stomach pains and skin infections such as scabies.[5] Wood is used for local carpentry work, piling and joinery. The fruit is edible though fibrous, it is eaten by locals.[1]
References
[edit]- ^ a b Timbers. D. Louppe, A. A. Oteng-Amoako, M. Brink, Plant Resources of Tropical Africa. Wageningen: PROTA Foundation. 2008. pp. 354–355. ISBN 978-90-5782-209-4. OCLC 299747129.
{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: others (link) - ^ a b c Voorhoeve, A. G. (1979). Liberian high forest trees : a systematic botanical study of the 75 most important or frequent high forest trees, with reference to numerous related species (2nd impr ed.). Wageningen: Pudoc. ISBN 90-220-0701-4. OCLC 63303450.
- ^ Yamoto, Takakazu; Maruhashi, Tamaki (December 1995). "Seed Dispersal by Elephants...etc". Biotropica. 27 (4): 528.
- ^ Canning, Corene; Sun, Shi; Ji, Xiangming; Gupta, Smiti; Zhou, Kequan (2013). "Antibacterial and cytotoxic activity of isoprenylated coumarin mammea A/AA isolated from Mammea africana". Journal of Ethnopharmacology. 147 (1): 259–262. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2013.02.026. PMID 23466248.
- ^ Ouahouo, B.M.W.; Azebaze, A.G.B.; Meyer, M.; Bodo, B.; Fomum, Z.T.; Nkengfack, A.E. (2004). "Cytotoxic and antimicrobial coumarins from Mammea africana". Annals of Tropical Medicine & Parasitology. 98 (7): 733–739. doi:10.1179/000349804X3126. ISSN 0003-4983. PMID 15509427. S2CID 33382195.