Mamia I Gurieli
Mamia I Gurieli (Georgian: მამია I გურიელი; died 1534), of the House of Gurieli, was Prince of Guria from 1512 until his death in 1534. Succeeding on the death of his father Giorgi I Gurieli, Mamia became involved in the conflict between the two eastern Georgian kingdoms of Kartli and Kakheti in 1520; by force of arms, he compelled David X of Kartli to agree on peace with Levan of Kakheti, his son-in-law. Mamia Gurieli's 1533 campaign, jointly with his namesake Prince of Mingrelia, against the homebase of Circassian pirates ended in a fiasco, with Mamia being captured and ransomed later that year.
Accession and early rule
[edit]Mamia was a son of Giorgi I Gurieli, on whose death he succeeded as mtavari ("prince") of Guria, a polity in western Georgia, on the Black Sea coast, which emerged as a sovereign principality after the dissolution of the Kingdom of Georgia in 1491. Mamia acceded to the throne by blessing of King Bagrat III of Imereti, his royal suzerain.[1] In modern historiography, he is sometimes assigned the regnal number "III" by virtue of his being the third Mamia with the style of Gurieli, the first being a son of Kakhaber I Gurieli and the second being Mamia (II) Gurieli.[2]
In 1520, Mamia was approached by Levan, king of Kakheti in eastern Georgia, with the request that he marry his daughter to Levan and aid the king against the encroachments of King David X of Kartli. Mamia, having secured for his troops a free passage from the atabeg of Samtskhe, traversed Ghado mountain, advanced into Kartli and defeated David X at Mokhisi. The latter fell back to his capital of Tbilisi and was setting a counter-attack in motion, when a dignitary, sent by Gurieli for parley, persuaded the king to join Mamia and Levan of Kakheti at a peace summit at Mukhrani. After the peace arrangement, Mamia sent his daughter Tinatin to marry Levan.[1][3]
Expedition in Zygia
[edit]In 1533, Mamia Gurieli joined his forces with Mamia III Dadiani, Prince of Mingrelia, in an expedition against the piratical Circassian tribe of Zygii, whose vessels frequented the Black Sea coastline of Guria and Mingrelia. A combined navy landed the Mingrelian and Gurian forces on 30 January 1533. The first encounter with the fiercely defending Zygii was won by the allies, but, on the next day, many battle-fatigued Mingrelian nobles defected their lord at the instigation of Tsandia Inal-Ipa, an Abkhaz.[4] The allies were routed. Mamia Gurieli was taken prisoner, while his son Giorgi and Mamia Dadiani of Mingrelia were killed. Later, Malachias I Abashidze, Catholicos of Imereti and Abkhazia, went to the Zygii and ransomed the survivors and bodies of those who died.[1][5][6][3] Mamia died in 1534 and was succeeded by his son Rostom Gurieli.[1]
Family
[edit]Mamia Gurieli was married to Princess Ketevan (Keteon), whose origin is not known. She is mentioned in two 15th-century church documents, agape records. Mamia had two sons and at least one daughter:[7]
- Prince Rostom (died 1566), Prince-regnant of Guria (1534–1556);
- Prince Giorgi (died 1533), killed during the expedition against the Zygii;
- Princess Tinatin (died 1591), first wife of King Levan of Kakheti.
- Princess N. (died 1585), an anonymous daughter, possibly the first wife of King George II of Imereti.[2]
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Bagrationi, Vakhushti (1976). Nakashidze, N.T. (ed.). История Царства Грузинского [History of the Kingdom of Georgia] (PDF) (in Russian). Tbilisi: Metsniereba. p. 133.
- ^ a b Grebelsky, P. Kh.; Dumin, S.V.; Lapin, V.V. (1993). Дворянские роды Российской империи. Том 4: Князья Царства Грузинского [Noble families of the Russian Empire. Vol. 4: Princes of the Kingdom of Georgia] (in Russian). Vesti. p. 36.
- ^ a b Rayfield, Donald (2012). Edge of Empires: A History of Georgia. London: Reaktion Books. pp. 166–167. ISBN 978-1780230306.
- ^ Anchabadze, Zurab (1959). Из истории средневековой Абхазии [From the history of medieval Abkhazia] (in Russian). Sukhumi: Abkhazian State Publishing. p. 258.
- ^ Alasania, Giuli, ed. (1991). Парижская хроника (Грузинская хроника XVIII века) [The Parisian Chronicle (A Georgian chronicle of the 18th century)] (PDF) (in Russian). Tbilisi: Metsniereba (Online version by the Parliamentary Library of Georgia). pp. 14, 58. ISBN 5-520-01114-1.
- ^ Egnatashvili, Beri (2007) [1959]. Kaukhchishvili, Simon (ed.). ქართლის ცხოვრება, ტ. 2 [The Georgian Chronicle, Vol. 2, Part No. 497] (in Georgian). TITUS version by Jost Gippert. Retrieved 24 July 2015.
- ^ Khakhutaishvili, Davit (2009). "ნარკვევები გურიის სამთავროს ისტორიიდან (XV-XVIII სს.)" [Studies in the history of the Principality of Guria (15th–18th centuries)]. სამტომეული, ტ. 2 [Works in three volumes, Vol. 2] (in Georgian). Batumi: Shota Rustaveli State University. pp. 31–32. ISBN 978-9941-409-60-8.