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Malvin Gray Johnson

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Malvin Gray Johnson
Malvin Gray Johnson, Self-Portrait (1934)
Born(1896-01-28)January 28, 1896
Greensboro, North Carolina
DiedOctober 4, 1934(1934-10-04) (aged 38)[1]
New York, New York
MovementHarlem Renaissance

Malvin Gray Johnson (January 28, 1896 – October 4, 1934) was an American painter, born and raised in Greensboro, North Carolina.

Early life and education

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Gray Johnson began painting at an early age when his sister Maggie noticed his talent and gave him drawing lessons and art supplies when he was a child. His early talent led him to win first place for his artworks in contests in his hometown's annual fairs.[2]

His family later moved to New York City, where he studied art at the National Academy of Design with notable contemporary artists such as Francis Coates Jones.[3] His time in school was interrupted by World War I where he served in the 184th Brigade, 94th Division in France.[4] He rose to prominence during the Harlem Renaissance. He was "the youngest member of the Harlem Renaissance artists...migrated to New York with his family at an early age...where he was influenced by French Impressionism and Cubism."[5]

Career

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Malvin "was one of the most far-reaching and versatile artists of his period. He drew upon many stylistic sources and demonstrated the disciplined learning necessary for high levels of creative expression...as he became familiar with the works of the Impressionists and the Cubists his artistic style changed."[6] He is described as an artist "whose work reflects the complexities of the Harlem Renaissance at its pinnacle" despite spending little time with other African American artists during his time in Harlem.[3][7]

His work is often labeled as Symbolic Abstractionist, being one of the first African-American artists to paint in the Cubist style.[8] He combined early modern styles with distinctly African American subjects, themes, and concerns to create "truly African American art.[3] Elements of his art seem also to derive from studies of African sculpture, Harlem street life, and African Spirituals. He concerned himself with technical aspects of light, composition, and form, and a desire to express the experience of the spirituals in terms of abstract symbolism. His painting style is described as a modernist-inspired with vigorous brushwork, intense areas of color, flattened and angular forms, and a lack of painterly finish. Some of his critics admired how he explored African American subjects with authenticity and sincerity while others admonished his loose handling of paint and modernist sensibility.[3]

Like many other artists, Johnson worked on the Federal Arts Project during the Depression. His work was displayed in many of the Harmon Exhibits in 1929 and the early thirties. In 1931 some of his work was hung in the Anderson gallery and the following year, the Salon of America displayed several of his paintings. In 1928 he won a prize at a Harmon exhibition, and in 1929 he won the Otto H. Kahn prize of 250 dollars for painting.[9][10] "Johnson's painting 'Swing low sweet chariot' was awarded the 1929 exhibition prize for best picture in the second Harmon group show."[11]

Johnson was featured in the 1930s film A Study of Negro Artists, along with Richmond Barthé, James Latimer Allen, Palmer Hayden, Aaron Douglas, William Ellisworth Artis, Augusta Savage, Lois Mailou Jones, Georgette Seabrooke, and others associated with the Harlem Renaissance.[12][13]

Towards the end of his life, in 1933, Johnson produced a group of watercolors of urban and rural blacks, many of which were set in Brightwood, Virginia. These paintings from his final period, are more widely regarded as some of his finest works.

In The Negro in American Culture, Margaret Just Butcher, argued that some of Johnson's paintings "are among the most significant commentaries on the American Negro scene." Alain LeRoy Locke said that Johnson captured the cynical humor and mythical desolation in the moods of blacks better than most artists. Viewing Johnson as a maturing experimentalist, James A. Porter wrote that his later work was expressed in terse, pregnant patches of color.[14][15]

The exhibition of his oils, watercolors and drawings in 2002 at North Carolina Central University was the first since his death in 1934.[4]

Auction records

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On February 23, 2010, Swann Galleries auctioned Malvin Gray Johnson's celebrated painting Swing Low, Sweet Chariot, oil on canvas, 1928–29, for $228,000. It was the first time any significant work by Johnson had come to auction.

Works

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  • Meditation, 1931
  • Swing Low, Sweet Chariot, 1929
  • Woman Washing
  • Negro masks, 1932
  • Arrangement, 1933
  • Toussaint L'Ouverture, 1933
  • Harmony, 1933
  • Sailor, 1933
  • Nat Turner, 1934
  • Postman, 1934
  • Negro soldier, 1934
  • Self-Portrait, 1934
  • Brothers, 1934
  • The Elks
  • Harriet Tubman and Frederick Douglass
  • Negro Pharaoh—Eighteenth Dynasty
  • Roll, Jordan, Roll, 1930
  • Dixie Madonna
  • Ruby
  • Red Road
  • Convict Labor

Bibliography

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  • Margaret Just Butcher, The Negro in American Culture, New York: Knopf, 1972. ISBN 0-394-47943-2
  • Mary Ann Calo, Distinction and Denial: Race, Nation and the Critical Construction of the African American Artist, 1920–40, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press, 2007.
  • Jacqueline Francis, Climbing up the Mountain: the Modern Art of Malvin Gray Johnson, Durham NC: North Carolina Central University Art Museum, 2002.
  • Alain LeRoy Locke, Negro Art: Past and Present, Washington DC: Associates in Negro Folk Education, 1936.
  • James Amos Porter, Modern Negro Art, New York: Dryden Press, 1943.

References

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  1. ^ Herbert R. Hartel, Jr, "Johnson, Malvin Gray", in Cary D. Wintz and Paul Finkelman (eds), Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance, Routledge, 2004.
  2. ^ "Malvin Gray Johnson | Smithsonian American Art Museum". americanart.si.edu. Retrieved 2020-11-15.
  3. ^ a b c d Wintz, Cary D. (2012-12-06). Wintz, Cary D; Finkelman, Paul (eds.). Encyclopedia of the Harlem Renaissance. doi:10.4324/9780203319307. ISBN 9781135455378.
  4. ^ a b Rogers, Kenneth G. (2004). "Rescuing Two Harlem Renaissance Artists: Malvin Gray Johnson and Allan Freelon". International Review of African American Art. 19: 43–46 – via EBSCOhost.
  5. ^ Ogden Museum of Southern Art
  6. ^ Samella S. Lewis, African American Art and Artists, University of California Press; 2003, p. 74.
  7. ^ Otfinoski, Steven (2011). African Americans in the Visual Arts. New York, NY: Facts on File. pp. 112–113. ISBN 9780816078400.
  8. ^ Student Britannica entry
  9. ^ Malvin Gray Johnson Archived 2009-06-24 at the Wayback Machine, State of Florida's Task Force on African American History.
  10. ^ "MALVIN GRAY JOHNSON". Negro History Bulletin. Washington. April 1, 1939.
  11. ^ (Calo, p. 140)
  12. ^ A Study of Negro Artists at Internet Archive.
  13. ^ "A Study of Negro Artists (1937)" at TCM.
  14. ^ Malvin Gray Johnson (1896-1934) Symbolic Abstractionist Archived 2009-06-24 at the Wayback Machine, State of Florida's Task Force on African American History.
  15. ^ "Malvin Johnson". The Johnson Collection, LLC. Retrieved 2020-11-17.
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