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Macrozamia

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Burrawang
Macrozamia communis
Scientific classification Edit this classification
Kingdom: Plantae
Clade: Tracheophytes
Clade: Gymnospermae
Division: Cycadophyta
Class: Cycadopsida
Order: Cycadales
Family: Zamiaceae
Subfamily: Encephalartoideae
Tribe: Encephalarteae
Subtribe: Macrozamiinae
Genus: Macrozamia
Miq.
Type species
Macrozamia spiralis
(Salisbury) Miquel

Macrozamia is a genus of around forty species of cycads, family Zamiaceae, all of which are endemic to Australia. Many parts of the plant have been utilised for food and material, most of which is toxic if not processed correctly.

Description

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A genus of cycads with partially submerged bole or tree, small to medium height, bearing a crown of palm-like fronds. The dioecious plants bear large cones, becoming even larger when ripening on the female, containing reproductive parts of great size.

Distribution

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The greatest diversity of species occurs in eastern Australia, in southeast Queensland and New South Wales, with one species in the Macdonnell Ranges of Northern Territory and three in the southwest region of Australia.[1][2]

Taxonomy

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Macrozamia fraseri cone
MacDonnell Ranges cycad (Macrozamia macdonnellii) in Cycad Gorge, Finke Gorge National Park, NT

The first description of the genus was published in 1842 by Friedrich Anton Wilhelm Miquel in his Monographia Cycadearum, without designating a type.[3]

The common name "burrawang",[4] originally referring to M. communis in the Daruk Australian Aboriginal language,[citation needed] is often used for all the species in the genus. Informal names published in state listing for the genus include 'rickets' (Bailey, 1931) in Queensland, a name also used in Western Australia for the symptoms of ingestion of species by cattle, and terms zamia, zamia palm, burrawang palm (Ross, 1989) and djeeri (Hopper, 2014) continued to be noted by New South Wales, QLD and W.A. authors in specific and generic usages.[5][6]

Species

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Phylogeny of Macrozamia[7][8]

M. lucida Johnson

M. moorei von Mueller

M. elegans Hill & Jones

M. diplomera (von Mueller 1866) Johnson

M. dyeri (von Mueller 1885) Gardner

Image Scientific name Distribution
Macrozamia cardiacensis southeast Queensland
Macrozamia communis east coast of New South Wales
Macrozamia concinna New South Wales
Macrozamia conferta southeast Queensland
Macrozamia cranei southeast Queensland
Macrozamia crassifolia southeast Queensland
Macrozamia denisonii southeast Queensland
Macrozamia diplomera New South Wales
Macrozamia douglasii southeast Queensland
Macrozamia dyeri southern coast of Western Australia
Macrozamia elegans New South Wales
Macrozamia fawcettii New South Wales
Macrozamia fearnsidei southeast Queensland
Macrozamia flexuosa New South Wales
Macrozamia fraseri southwestern Western Australia
Macrozamia glaucophylla New South Wales
Macrozamia heteromera New South Wales
Macrozamia humilis New South Wales
Macrozamia johnsonii New South Wales
Macrozamia lomandroides southeast Queensland
Macrozamia longispina southeast Queensland
Macrozamia lucida southeast Queensland
Macrozamia macdonnellii Macdonnell Ranges, Northern Territory
Macrozamia machinii Queensland
Macrozamia macleayi Queensland
Macrozamia miquelii southeast and central Queensland
Macrozamia montana New South Wales
Macrozamia moorei southeast and central Queensland
Macrozamia mountperriensis southeast Queensland
Macrozamia occidua southeast Queensland
Macrozamia parcifolia southeast Queensland
Macrozamia pauli-guilielmi southeast Queensland, northeast New South Wales
Macrozamia platyrhachis southeast Queensland
Macrozamia plurinervia southeast Queensland, northeast New South Wales
Macrozamia polymorpha New South Wales
Macrozamia reducta New South Wales
Macrozamia riedlei southwestern Western Australia
Macrozamia secunda New South Wales
Macrozamia serpentina southeast Queensland
Macrozamia spiralis New South Wales
Macrozamia stenomera New South Wales
Macrozamia viridis southeast Queensland

References

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  1. ^ Kew World Checklist of Selected Plant Families
  2. ^ Orchard, A.E. & McCarthy, P.M. (eds.) (1998). Flora of Australia 48: 1-766. Australian Government Publishing Service, Canberra.
  3. ^ "Macrozamia Miq". Australian Plant Name Index (APNI), IBIS database. Centre for Plant Biodiversity Research, Australian Government.
  4. ^ APNI, citing Johnson, L.A.S. (1961), Zamiaceae. Flora of New South Wales 1: 23-41
  5. ^ Hopper, S.; Lambers, H. (2014), "9. Human relationships with and use of Kwongan plants and lands", in Lambers, Hans (ed.), Plant life on the sandplains in southwest Australia : a global biodiversity hotspot : kwongan matters, Crawley, Western Australia UWA Publishing, pp. 287–90, ISBN 978-1-74258-564-2
  6. ^ APNI cite: Bailey, F.M. (1913), Comprehensive Catalogue of Queensland Plants: 513
  7. ^ Stull, Gregory W.; Qu, Xiao-Jian; Parins-Fukuchi, Caroline; Yang, Ying-Ying; Yang, Jun-Bo; Yang, Zhi-Yun; Hu, Yi; Ma, Hong; Soltis, Pamela S.; Soltis, Douglas E.; Li, De-Zhu; Smith, Stephen A.; Yi, Ting-Shuang; et al. (2021). "Gene duplications and phylogenomic conflict underlie major pulses of phenotypic evolution in gymnosperms". Nature Plants. 7 (8): 1015–1025. bioRxiv 10.1101/2021.03.13.435279. doi:10.1038/s41477-021-00964-4. PMID 34282286. S2CID 232282918.
  8. ^ Stull, Gregory W.; et al. (2021). "main.dated.supermatrix.tree.T9.tre". Figshare. doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14547354.v1. {{cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= (help)
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