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Macalpinomyces

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Macalpinomyces
Scientific classification
Kingdom:
Fungi
Division:
Basidiomycota
Class:
Ustilaginomycetes
Order:
Ustilaginales
Family:
Ustilaginaceae
Genus:
Macalpinomyces

Langdon & Full., in Trans. Br. mycol. Soc. 68 (1): 30. 1977.
Type species
Macalpinomyces eriachnes
(Thüm.) Langdon & Full., 1977
Species

See text

Synonyms

Endosporisorium Vánky

Macalpinomyces is a fungus genus in the Ustilaginaceae family.[1]

It has a widespread distribution, almost worldwide.[2] These smut fungi from Ustilaginomycotina contain about 540 described species. Species from the complex often possess characteristics that occur in more than one genus, creating uncertainty for species placement.[3]

The genus name of Macalpinomyces is in honour of Daniel McAlpine (1849–1932), who was a Scottish-born Australian mycologist known for his research in plant pathology.[4][5]

The genus was circumscribed by Raymond Forbes Newton Langdon and R.A. Fullerton in Trans. Brit. Mycol. Soc. vol.68 Issue 1, on page 30 in 1977.[2]

Langdon & Fullerton (1977) established Macalpinomyces to accommodate M. eriachnes, which they considered as distinct from Sporisorium and Ustilago (other Smut (fungus) genera). As Macalpinomyces lacked columellae, produced sterile cells and the spores were uniformly ornamented and polyangular or sub-polyangular (Langdon & Fullerton 1977, Vánky 1996).[1] The original collection of M. eriachnes in Australia by the botanist Ferdinand von Mueller, was divided and sent to two mycologists, Mordecai Cooke in England and Felix von Thümen in Germany. They studied the specimens separately and then two new fungal taxa were described based on this single collection, Sorosporium eriachnes by Thümen in 1878 and Ustilago australis by Cooke in 1879.[1] Daniel McAlpine noted that the 2 types had large, smooth thick-walled cells.[5] Langdon & Fullerton (1977) agreed with McAlpine and later transferred this smut to a new genus, Macalpinomyces, nearly a century after the specimen was first described.[1]

Vánky in 1996, broadened the description of Macalpinomyces to include taxa that lacked a columella but possessed sterile cells, which are morphological features shared by both Sporisorium and Ustilago.[1]

Molecular phylogenetic analysis has shown that Macalpinomyces is polyphyletic. Species of Macalpinomyces have sterile cells, a peridium derived from host material and lack true spore balls (Vánky 2011b). Vánky (2011b) accepted 46 species of Macalpinomyces.[1]

The type species M. eriachnes was originally described from a specimen collected in northern Australia on the grass genus Eriachne in 1855. 10 new species were found in 2017, on the same grass in northern Australia.[6] Begerow et al. (2006), in their phylogenetic study of the Ustilaginomycotina, proposed that M. eriachnes might not belong to the Ustilaginaceae family as it did not occur in the clade containing Sporisorium, Ustilago and Moesziomyces.[1]

Macalpinomyces tilletioides and Sporisorium penniseticola, were both found on Pennisetum sphacelatum in Ethiopia.[7] Species Macalpinomyces trichopterygis and Macalpinomyces tristachyae are found in South Africa.[8] Panicum sumatrense, also known as little millet, is affected by Macalpinomyces sharmae.[9][10]

Species

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As of July 2022 GBIF accepts the following species:[2]

References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g A.R. McTaggart; R.G. Shivas; A.D.W. Geering; K. Vánky; T. Scharaschkin (2012). "Taxonomic revision of Ustilago, Sporisorium and Macalpinomyces". Persoonia. 29: 116–132. doi:10.3767/003158512X661462. PMC 3589789. PMID 23606769.
  2. ^ a b c "Macalpinomyces Langdon & Full". www.gbif.org. Retrieved 24 July 2022.
  3. ^ Wang, Peng; Lu, Tianhao; Huang, Jingwei (2021). "The first complete mitochondrial genome of Macalpinomyces bursus (Ustilaginales: Ustilaginaceae) and insights into its phylogeny". Mitochondrial DNA Part B. 6 (8): 2151–2153. doi:10.1080/23802359.2021.1944383. PMC 8330779. PMID 34377791.
  4. ^ Burkhardt, Lotte (2022). Eine Enzyklopädie zu eponymischen Pflanzennamen [Encyclopedia of eponymic plant names] (pdf) (in German). Berlin: Botanic Garden and Botanical Museum, Freie Universität Berlin. doi:10.3372/epolist2022. ISBN 978-3-946292-41-8. S2CID 246307410. Retrieved January 27, 2022.
  5. ^ a b Douglas G. Parbery Daniel McAlpine and The Bitter Pit, p. 53, at Google Books
  6. ^ Li, Yingming; Shivas, Roger; McTaggart, Alistair; Zhao, Peng (May 2017). "Ten new species of Macalpinomyces on Eriachne in northern Australia". Mycologia. 109 (3): 408–421. doi:10.1080/00275514.2017.1330026. hdl:2263/63261. PMID 28636469. S2CID 22108236.
  7. ^ Bulgarian Mycological Society Mycologia Balcanica, Volumes 1-3 (2004), p. 91, at Google Books
  8. ^ Pedro W. Crous Phytopathogenic Fungi from South Africa (2000), p. 192, at Google Books
  9. ^ J. N. Srivastava and A. K. Singh (editors) Diseases of Field Crops Diagnosis and Management, 2-Volume Set: Volume 1 ..., p. 293, at Google Books
  10. ^ Mohar Singh and Hari D. Upadhyaya Genetic and Genomic Resources for Grain Cereals Improvement (2015), p. 341, at Google Books
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