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MR-73

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
For the French handgun, see Manurhin MR 73.
MR-73
An MR-73 train, February 2009
Refurbished interior of an MR-73 train
In service1976–present
ManufacturerBombardier Transportation
Built atLa Pocatière, Quebec
ReplacedMR-63 (rescue)
Constructed1974–1980
Entered serviceJune 1976
Refurbished2005–2008
Number built423[a]
Formation6 or 9 cars per trainset
Fleet numbers
  • 79-501 to 79-782 (motor)

& 78-001 to 78-141 (trailer)

Capacity
  • 160 total per car
  • 39–40 seated per car
  • 1,440 total per train[b]
OperatorsSociété de transport de Montréal
DepotsPlateau d'Youville, Saint-Charles, Montmorency, Angrignon, Beaugrand, Côte-Vertu
Lines served
Specifications
Car body constructionLightweight steel alloy
Width2.5 m (8 ft 2+3⁄8 in)
Doors4 pairs per side
Maximum speed
  • 80 km/h (50 mph) (design)
  • 72 km/h (45 mph) (service)
Weight26,990 kg (59,500 lb) per car (unladen)
Traction systemChopper control (Jeumont)
Power output174 kW (233 hp)
Acceleration5.2 km/(h⋅s) (3.2 mph/s)
HVACForced-air ventilation, in-train heater
Electric system(s)750 V DC (nominal) from third rail on guide bars at either track side
Current collector(s)Side-running contact shoe
Bogies2 sets per car
Braking system(s)Dynamic brakes with STM wooden brake shoes
Safety system(s)ATC/ATO
Track gauge1,435 mm (4 ft 8+1⁄2 in) between 2 roll ways

The MR-73 (Matériel roulant conçu en 1973) is the second generation of rubber-tired rolling stock used on the Montreal Metro. Manufactured by Bombardier Transportation, they entered service in June 1976.

Since the retirement of the first generation MR-63s, the MR-73 trains are in use on three of four Montreal's Metro lines. Replacement of the trains is planned for 2036, when they will be 60 years old.

History

[edit]

In the early 1970s, the Commission de transport de la Communauté urbaine de Montréal (CTCUM), the predecessor of the STM, identified a need for more rolling stock to serve the crowds expected for the 1976 Summer Olympics and for future network expansions.

Contract award

[edit]

Mayor of Montreal Jean Drapeau suggested to snowmobile manufacturer Bombardier that they should bid on the contract.[1] Although the design of what was to later become the MR-73 was completed in 1973, it was only in 1974 that the CTCUM formally awarded the MR-73 contract to the fledgling Bombardier Transportation.[2] A cheaper bid by Canadian Vickers, manufacturer of the MR-63 trains, was disqualified by a technicality.[1][3]

Construction and entry into service

[edit]

Bombardier had never manufactured a Metro train in Canada, and assistance was sought from SOFRETU, the French consultants who helped design the Metro, as well as from an Austrian subsidiary of Bombardier that previously manufactured trams.[3]

The 423 MR-73 cars were manufactured at Bombardier's La Pocatière plant between 1974 and 1980 and the first units entered service in 1976. The MR-73's original interior featured orange-and-white seats arranged so that in each third of the train, there were two double sets of transverse seating and four single seats near the doors in longitudinal formation.[4][5]

Automated announcements and visual information

[edit]
A visualisation of an Alstom Télécité Modular Display Unit displaying the next station cue for Lionel-Groulx

In the early 1990s, Alstom Télécité LED visual information screens were added on top of alternating side windows in all MR-73 cars.[6][7][8]

Advertisements were displayed, along with information on the weather and upcoming stations. Around the same time, automated next-station announcements were introduced on the MR-73 and voiced by Judith Ouimet.[9][10]

Interior refurbishment

[edit]

In December 2005, work began to refurbish the now 30 year old trains. The trains were still very reliable, with a Mean Distance Between Failures (MDBF) exceeding 200,000 mi (322,000 km) in 2004.[11]

The MR-73 fleet underwent a $40 million refurbishment to reconfigure interior seating to increase total car capacity and install new poles and new panels with a new ergonomic colour scheme that discouraged vandalism, decreased motion sickness, and promoted aesthetic harmony. Seating capacity was reduced by six per carriage, increasing standing room.[12] The refurbishment also include an ergonomic full-spectrum lighting system that provides therapeutic anti-depression effects for its passengers. Like the older MR-63 fleet, the MR-73 driver cabs was modernized and equipped with ergonomic features and digital dashboards. Work was completed in 2008.[13]

Closing doors chime

[edit]

In 2006, an MR-73 train was tested with a four-beep door chime,[14] and in 2008, another high-pitched chime was tested.[15] However, the new chimes were unpopular and so in 2010, a three-note sequence that is essentially replicating the last three audible notes from the electric chopper control traction system was tested, along with a voiceover by Michèle Deslauriers saying Attention, nous fermons les portes (Attention, we are closing the doors) after the three-note sound was played.[16][17][18] The voiceover portion was soon removed, however,[19] and since 2012, the MR-73s play the three-note sequence whenever the doors are about to close.

Retirement and replacement

[edit]

The STM noted in 2014 that they planned for the fleet to remain in service until at least 2036.[20][11] As of 2023, the oldest MR-73 cars are 47 years old.

The less reliable cars have been retired, with 63 cars scrapped from June 2021 to make room for the MPM-10 Azur.[21] In June 2021, the first car of the series, 79-501, was returned to the La Pocatière plant, now owned by Bombardier's successor Alstom.[22][13]

In 2022, STM announced they planned to replace the trains in the 2030s, with work underway to purchase new trains. This was estimated to cost around $2.9bn.[23] The STM also noted that to increase the capacity of the Green Line by 37%, works to upgrade garages and signalling systems would be required as well as new rolling stock.[24]

Description

[edit]
Departure of a MR-73 from Berri-UQAM.
At 0:04 the door closing chime can be heard.
At 0:14 the five tones of the chopper (the first two barely audible) can be heard, as well as at 0:44, when the metro accelerates again.

The MR-73 cars can be identified by rectangular cab headlights, side vents, blue and dark orange interiors, and 174 kW (233 hp) traction motors that growl while accelerating, producing a unique three-note sound signature when the train pulls out of a station. The three-note sound is produced by chopper traction motor control equipment, which controls and powers the motors on the train in stages without incurring a power surge. It does so by modulating the current in five consecutive stages (90, 120, 180, 240 and 360 Hz), of which the first two are barely audible over the other noise (fans, wheels) of the metro, but the last three clearly audible. These choppers give the MR-73 an initial rate of acceleration of 1.43 m/s2 (4.7 ft/s2) (5.2 km/(h⋅s) or 3.2 mph/s).

The notes of the propulsion are the same as the first three notes of Aaron Copland's "Fanfare for the Common Man", one of the musical themes for Expo 67, but that is apparently just a coincidence. The notes were so remarkable, that in 2010 these notes were chosen as the door closing sound for the Montréal Metro and as brand sound for the entire STM.

A prototype for the current chopper was built by the Canron company using a Jeumont original design in the early 1970s on an MR-63 train. Until the retirement of the MR–63s in 2018, one of the three elements of the "Jeumont Train" were operated on the Green Line among rheostatic-started MR-63s; one of these was much louder than the other. They are the only two to exhibit the whole five-note audible signature in normal operation even though it is possible to hear them during longer-than-usual starts on regular MR-73s.

Some MR-73s originally sported murals of Montreal at the end of the cars; however, they were damaged by vandalism and removed long ago.

The MR-73 has a different electrical braking system from the MR-63 to assist friction braking. The MR-73's current chopper recuperates energy when in braking mode, turning traction motors into generators and sending a regulated current back into the traction power supply for other trains to use. Electrical braking is most effective when one train draws power while it is starting, and another train at a different location sends power while it is braking.

The Mean Distance Between Failures (MDBF) for the MR-73 exceeded 200,000 mi (322,000 km) in 2004.[citation needed]

Lines serviced

[edit]

Green Line (1976–1985, 2016–present)

Orange Line (1976–2019)

Yellow Line (1976–2008, 2017–present)

Blue Line (1986–present)

Formation (as of December 2021)

Line # Colour Number of trains Composition Comments
1 13 (117 cars)

0 on weekends

{79-xxx} + 78-xxx + {79-xxx} + {79-xxx} + 78-xxx + {79-xxx} + {79-xxx} + 78-xxx + {79-xxx} The MR-73 and MPM-10 Azur trains, replacing the aging MR-63s.
4 5 (45 cars) {79-xxx} + 78-xxx + {79-xxx} + {79-xxx} + 78-xxx + {79-xxx} + {79-xxx} + 78-xxx + {79-xxx}
5 18 (108 cars) {79-xxx} + 78-xxx + {79-xxx} + {79-xxx} + 78-xxx + {79-xxx} 3-car between 1986-2002 and off-peak until 2006

Appearances in media

[edit]

The MR-73 made a brief cameo appearance in the 2014 music video for "Tidal Wave" a song performed by the Canadian group "Made Them Lions". Certain shots were captured at the Metros Villa-Maria station for the appearance. [25]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ 105 sets in 3-car formation and 35 sets in complete 9-car formation, except in the Blue Line, which has 36 sets in 2-car formation and 18 sets in complete 6-car formation
  2. ^ 700 total per train (Blue Line)

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Magder, Jason; Scott, Marian (14 Oct 2016). "The métro at 50: The clash with car culture". Montreal Gazette. Laurent Beaudoin, then CEO of Bombardier, got a visit from Drapeau, who told him the city needed 400 new métro cars, and the company should bid on the contract ... The bid from Canadian Vickers, which had manufactured the first cars, was judged by the city to be non-conforming because of a technicality in the wiring system — and gave Bombardier the win ... Bombardier has since become a major player in the world of public transit, supplying trains for London, New York, Toronto and others.
  2. ^ STM company timeline Archived 2009-06-21 at the Wayback Machine. Société de transport de Montréal. Retrieved 2013-02-13.
  3. ^ a b Laurent, Rene (1 June 1974). "Bombardier Metro contract may bring Vickers protest". Montreal Gazette. pp. 1–2.
  4. ^ Montreal Metro- Arriving train at Lionel-Groulx, Orange line. YouTube. May 22, 2006. Retrieved 2013-02-13.
  5. ^ Montreal Metro- Blue line from Jean-Talon to De Castelnau. YouTube. May 22, 2006. Retrieved 2013-02-13.
  6. ^ Passenger Information on Montréal métro. YouTube. February 21, 2007. Retrieved 2013-02-13.
  7. ^ A Ride On An MR-73 With Our Good Friend Alstom Télécité!!. YouTube. May 20, 2010. Retrieved 2013-02-13.
  8. ^ Montreal Metro: Service Disruption on Alstom Télécité!. September 14, 2012. Retrieved 2013-02-13.
  9. ^ Judith Ouimet, The Voice of the Metro. Metrodemontreal.com. March 12, 2002. Retrieved 2013-02-13.
  10. ^ Berri-UQAM by Judith Ouimet. YouTube. September 24, 2006. Retrieved 2013-02-13.
  11. ^ a b "When should the MR-73 métro cars be replaced? The STM responds". Société de transport de Montréal. 29 October 2014. Retrieved 2023-08-21.
  12. ^ Modernising Montréal metro cars Railway Gazette International January 2006 page 20
  13. ^ a b "Une voiture de métro MR-73 retourne chez Alstom". Société de transport de Montréal (in French). 4 June 2021. Retrieved 2023-08-21.
  14. ^ Montreal Metro-Closing Doors Chime-MR73 train-1. YouTube. October 14, 2006. Retrieved 2013-02-13.
  15. ^ Le métro qui fait Bip Bip. YouTube. March 18, 2008. Retrieved 2013-02-13.
  16. ^ Doo-doo-doo immortalized. Blog.fagstein.com. August 9, 2010. Retrieved 2013-02-13.
  17. ^ DOU-DOU-DOU «ATTENTION, NOUS FERMONS LES PORTES…». Société de transport de Montréal. August 9, 2010. Retrieved 2013-02-13.
  18. ^ Dou dou dou...the Montréal métro's signature sound.mp4. YouTube. September 18, 2010. Retrieved 2013-02-13.
  19. ^ MTL Métro: Updated and final version of MR73 closing door chime!. YouTube. October 26, 2011. Retrieved 2013-02-13.
  20. ^ Magder, Jason (29 October 2014). "STM to keep MR-73 métro cars until at least 2036". Montreal Gazette. Retrieved 12 December 2022.
  21. ^ "The STM will buy 17 more Azur trains to service the Green Line". The Montreal Gazette. 2017. Retrieved 2018-06-04.
  22. ^ "Montreal's first MR-73 métro car sent back to its birthplace to retire". Montreal Gazette. 9 June 2021.
  23. ^ "Présentation aux médias Budget 2023 et Programme des immobilisations 2023-2032" (PDF). Société de transport de Montréal (in French). 28 November 2022. p. 25. Retrieved 12 December 2022. Prévoir le remplacement des MR-73 en fin de vie utile vers 2036. Plusieurs projets à mettre en chantier : Remplacement des voitures (coûts estimés à 2,9 G$*)
  24. ^ Corriveau, Jeanne (2023-01-27). "La STM plaide pour le remplacement des voitures MR-73". Le Devoir (in French). Retrieved 2023-09-13.
  25. ^ Made Them Lions - Forgotten How To Dream (Official Video), retrieved 2023-06-18
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