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M8 (railcar)

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M8
M8 EMUs on a Metro-North train arriving at Stamford on the New Haven Line.
Inside an M8 EMU
In service2011–present[1]
ManufacturerKawasaki
Built at
Family nameM-Series
Entered serviceMarch 1, 2011
Number built471 (in use)[2]
Formation223 married pairs, 25 single cars
Capacity
  • 111 seated (A car)
  • 101 seated (B car)[3][4]
  • 114 seated (single car)
Owners
Operators
Specifications
Car length85 ft (25,908 mm)[3][4]
Width10 ft 6 in (3,200 mm)[4][3]
Height14 ft 3 in (4,343 mm) (including hump)
Maximum speed
  • 100 mph (161 km/h) (design)[3]
  • 90 mph (145 km/h) (Shore Line East service)[5]
  • 80 mph (129 km/h) (Metro North service)
Weight
  • 144,850 pounds (65,700 kg) (A car)
  • 143,780 pounds (65,220 kg) (B car)[4]
  • 97,659 pounds (44,297 kg) (single car)
Traction systemMitsubishi Electric MAP-204-A25VD191[6][7] IGBT–C/I
Traction motors8 × Mitsubishi MB-5129-A[8] 270 hp (200 kW) asynchronous 3-phase AC
Electric system(s)
Current collector(s)
UIC classificationBo′Bo′+Bo′Bo′
AAR wheel arrangementB-B+B-B
Braking system(s)Regenerative / pneumatic
Safety system(s)ATC and Pulse code cab signaling
Coupling systemBudd pin and cup coupler
Track gauge4 ft 8+1⁄2 in (1,435 mm) standard gauge

The M8 is an electric multiple unit railroad car built by Kawasaki for use on the Metro-North Railroad New Haven Line and the CT Rail Shore Line East. The fleet of 471 cars first entered service in 2011, replacing the M2, M4 and M6 cars, which entered service in 1973, 1987 and 1994, respectively.[9] An additional 60-car order is currently finishing delivery in response to increased ridership and usage on Shore Line East.[10][11]

Design

[edit]
M8 dual mode third rail shoe[12]

The M8 is similar in design to the M7 car used on the Harlem Line and the Hudson Line. The design of the M8 railcars was done by Vergarastudio of Ridgefield, Connecticut, led by Mexican-born American industrial designer Cesar Vergara.[13] Like the M7, the M8 is able to pick up 750 V DC power from bottom-contact third rail for operation along the New Haven Line from Grand Central Terminal to Pelham, where the traction power source is transferred to the overhead catenary wire. The overhead wire is at a nominal 12.5 kV AC (60 Hz) power from overhead lines via pantographs for operation from Pelham, New York to New Haven, Connecticut (as well as along the New Canaan Branch), and 25 kV AC (60 Hz) power from catenary for operation along the Shore Line East route east of New Haven to New London, Connecticut.[3] Unlike in earlier classes, changeover between the two AC voltages can be made by the engineer while on the move.[14]

In response to rising number of people seeking to use their bicycle to solve the "last mile" problem between Metro-North stations and destinations, CTDOT has pledged to provide bike racks for storage of two bicycles in the disabled riders area of each rail car.[10] In the event that a disabled rider boards a car, all cyclists must move their bicycles to the entry vestibule. In spite of the hook installation, during peak travel periods only folding bicycles are permitted aboard most Metro North trains.

The M8s have new roomier, high-back seats with individual headrests and curved arm rests for more comfort.[3] For improved safety, especially in the vestibules, the cars have larger windows and better lighting. An additional safety feature is the installation of intercom systems that customers can use to contact the train crew in case of emergency. Other features included curved luggage racks, coat hooks, electrical outlets to charge personal devices, and LED displays that show that next stop and automated announcements. The cars also have external public address speakers, and electronic destination signs. Higher reliability is possible with single leaf doors, which also lessen the susceptibility to snow intrusion.[10] Also, the M8s have sealed alternating current motors that are less susceptible to weather.[15]

The M8s have regenerative braking; each time that the cars go into braking mode, the cars feed back power into the catenary system.[16] The M8s are equipped with contact shoes that can operate on both Metro-North's under-running and the LIRR over-running third rail.[17]

The exterior design of the new M8 rail car is red, in keeping with the traditional exterior color of the New Haven Line rail cars. The body shape is similar to the M7 rail cars that are in operation on the Hudson and Harlem lines.

History

[edit]
Four new M8 cars being shipped by CSX through Ohio in 2014

The Connecticut Department of Transportation and Metro–North Railroad awarded the contract for the M8s to Kawasaki in August 2006 for $706.3 million, for a total of 380 cars, of which 210 would be in the base order, including an option order of 90 cars. 65% of the cost was paid by Connecticut, while the remaining 35% was paid by Metro–North. Later on, two additional option orders were added; the first consisted of 42 cars and the second consisted of 38 cars.[18] Full production of the M8s was scheduled to begin in early 2010 but was then delayed.[19] Kawasaki cited problems with steel suppliers and sub-contractors (which is responsible for 60% of the cars). Once production reached full output the cars were delivered at a rate of ten per month.

The first M8s were supposed to be delivered in late 2009.[18] In December 2010, the first 24 cars were received and began to undergo testing.[20]

The cars were originally supposed to go into revenue service in December 2010, however, because of technical problems, revenue service was deferred until March 1, 2011.[21][1][22][23] The first run of the initial eight-car set (consisting of cars 9114, 9115, 9116, 9117, 9112, 9113, 9108, and 9109) originated in Stamford at 10:30 am, arriving in Grand Central Terminal at 11:28 am. A total of ten eight-car train sets were slated to enter service by the end of the year.[24]

On May 7, 2011, Kawasaki announced that deliveries of 20 cars of the 80 scheduled to enter service by the end of the year would be delayed due to supply problems; Kawasaki said it would build the cars at a later date and absorb the costs incurred.[25] At the time of the announcement, 16 cars had entered service, with an additional ten delivered but not yet in service.[25]

Two months later, an investigative report by WABC-TV's news operation examined correspondence between Kawasaki and Metro-North over the delays in introducing the cars. At the time it had been claimed the cars merely had software problems, but the documents reporters obtained under New York's Freedom of Information Law showed Kawasaki repeatedly asking for deadline extensions over issues such as bad weather and financial difficulties at the company that supplied the onboard toilets. Railroad officials complained in emails reviewed by the channel that some of the requests "defie[d] logic" and were a waste of time. Kawasaki said such multiple delays were "not unusual given the complexity of the cars and suppliers" and were often beyond their control.[26]

An unpowered single car at New Haven Yard in 2018

On July 20, 2011, the Connecticut Department of Transportation announced the order of 25 unpowered M8 railcars, with options for up to 25 more, at a cost of $93 million to provide additional service. The new cars are single cars, allowing for one car, instead of two, to be added to an additional train, which is an efficient way to add capacity to meet ridership growth.[2] They were also intended to replace the 48 car M6 fleet.[27]

On October 16, 2012, Metro-North announced that they would be installing 15 weekday and 30 weekend M8 trains to their schedule to accommodate increased ridership.[28]

Damaged M8 cars in Bridgeport yard two weeks after the Fairfield train crash

On May 17, 2013, several cars were damaged in a train accident in Fairfield, Connecticut.[29] Senator Richard Blumenthal of Connecticut credited the M8 railcars' design with potentially saving lives.[30] On January 29, 2014, the MTA board approved a miscellaneous procurement to purchase three additional M8 cars (one pair and one additional B car; to replace cars lost in the Fairfield Crash), twelve car trucks, spare parts, additional bench test equipment and repairs to four additional M8s. Of the total cost of $36 million, $8.4 million will be funded by a credit from Kawasaki in the original contract. The remainder will be funded by Metro-North and CTDOT.[31]

The original order of 405 cars was completed on July 13, 2015, except for the 25 unpowered cars on option. Of the 380 original cars, the first 38 cars were built in Kobe, Japan, while the remaining 342 were built at Kawasaki's plant in Lincoln, Nebraska.[2]

The purchase of the M8s was based on ridership growth forecasts, and it was not anticipated that additional train cars would need to be purchased until the 2020–2024 MTA Capital Program. However, increased ridership required additional cars to be purchased. Currently, 24 existing cars are intended to be used for service on Shore Line East.[32] On September 13, 2016, Connecticut governor Dannel Malloy announced plans for the state to purchase 60 additional M8 cars, funded by $200 million from the state and $108 million from the MTA, with delivery beginning in 2019. The cars cost $3.85 million apiece for a total of $231 million; the remaining cost covers other expenses like inspections plus a 15% contingency. Ten of the cars were to be bar cars, similar to those of the former M2 fleet retired in 2014.[10][11][33] The MTA board approved the 60 additional cars in November 2016, with an option to buy another 34 cars.[32] The cars were expected to enter service in three years, allowing the railroad to lengthen rush hour trains, retire the last M2s, and to have flexibility to increase train service with increasing ridership.[21] The bar cars were later dropped, due to cost and train capacity concerns, as well as Metro-North not being willing to handle the bar themselves, wishing for an outside company to run the operation itself.[34][35][36] M8s have provided all service on the New Haven Line since the retirement of the last remaining M2 cars at the end of December 2018.[37]

Testing of M8 cars on the Shore Line East route took place intermittently in the 2010s.[38] On March 21, 2021, the Connecticut DOT Commissioner stated that M8 testing on the Shore Line East was continuing, and that a set might be provided to the MBTA for testing and potential joint orders in the future.[39] Amtrak crew qualifications with M8 cars on Shore Line East took place in April 2022.[40] Four-car sets of M8s began running on Shore Line East on May 24, 2022, providing all service on the line.[41][42]

Car roster

[edit]
A set of M8 cars in New Haven Yard in 2016
  • 9100-9199, 9300-9399, 9500-9519, 9600-9623, 9700-9738 (CTDOT / pairs) - 283 cars
  • 9200-9299, 9400-9441, 9443-9449 (MTA / pairs) - 139 cars
  • 9460-9476 (MTA / unpowered singles; even numbers only) - 9 cars
  • 9560-9590 (CTDOT / unpowered singles; even numbers only) - 16 cars
  • 9530/9631 - 9542/9643 (CTDOT / pairs; 95xx even numbers only, 96xx odd numbers only) - 14 cars

See also

[edit]
Wikimedia Commons has media related to M8 (railcar).

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b Stannard, Ed (March 1, 2011). "New Metro-North M8 rail cars take first run to New York". New Haven Register. Retrieved March 1, 2011.
  2. ^ a b c "Update: New Haven Line Rail Cars". July 13, 2015. Archived from the original on October 14, 2021. Retrieved May 9, 2011.
  3. ^ a b c d e f g "Metro-North Railroad M-8 EMU Passenger Car". Kawasaki Railcar. Archived from the original on November 23, 2016.
  4. ^ a b c d Martin, Cassidy (March 1, 2011). "Checking the Schedule". Greenwich Time. cover.
  5. ^ Shore Line East: When Amtrak Isn't Amtrak, retrieved April 4, 2023
  6. ^ B/L NYKS006296048001. March 4, 2012. "(RAIL CAR PARTS) 1.CONVERTER INVERTER BOX (INCLUDE FL) MAP-204-A25VD191"
  7. ^ B/L NYKS006296048001. March 4, 2012. "Commodity: POWER SUPPLIES, POWER OUT; Marks: THREE DIA ELECTRIC M-8 PROJECT"
  8. ^ "Overhaul of M7 and M8 Railcar Traction Motors". New York Bids. MTA - Metro-North Railroad. August 12, 2020.
  9. ^ Cameron, Jim (September 26, 2007). "Designing the new M8 rail cars". Archived from the original on June 25, 2022. Retrieved March 4, 2011.
  10. ^ a b c d "Gov. Malloy Announces Decision to Purchase 60 Additional Rail Cars for Expanded Capacity on the New Haven Line" (Press release). Office of Governor Dannel P. Malloy. September 13, 2016.
  11. ^ a b Stannard, Ed (September 13, 2016). "Metro-North to get 60 new train cars, including 10 bar cars, starting in 2019". New Haven Register. Archived from the original on October 16, 2021. Retrieved September 14, 2016.
  12. ^ "Third-rail current collectors". www.schunk-carbontechnology.com.
  13. ^ Grynbaum, Michael M. (April 20, 2010). "One for the Road? Bar Cars May Face a Last Call". The New York Times. Retrieved September 17, 2011.
  14. ^ "M-8 Rail Cars Project No. 300-0116" (PDF). Connecticut Department of Transportation. March 4, 2009. Retrieved May 29, 2009. [dead link]
  15. ^ "Metro-North Has Best Mechanical Performance Record in its History". www.mta.info. Archived from the original on August 6, 2017. Retrieved November 18, 2016.
  16. ^ "New Haven Line Power Upgrade Continues". www.mta.info. Archived from the original on November 18, 2016. Retrieved November 18, 2016.
  17. ^ "Dual purpose LIRR MNCR shoe". Photobucket. Archived from the original on February 2, 2017.
  18. ^ a b "Connecticut Master Transportation Plan 2009-2016 January 2009" (PDF). ct.gov. Connecticut Department of Transportation. January 2009. Archived (PDF) from the original on January 31, 2022. Retrieved November 17, 2016.
  19. ^ Cameron, Jim (October 31, 2009). "New M8 Rail Cars A Year Late In Delivery". Archived from the original on May 27, 2022. Retrieved March 4, 2011.
  20. ^ "Unveiling the new M8 cars". NBC Connecticut. November 15, 2010. Archived from the original on July 14, 2011. Retrieved March 4, 2011.
  21. ^ a b "MTA Metro-North Railroad to Receive Up to 94 Additional M8 Cars for the New Haven Line". www.mta.info. Archived from the original on November 18, 2016. Retrieved November 17, 2016.
  22. ^ Haynes, Crystal (December 16, 2010). "Glitch keeps new M-8 rail cars out of service". WTNH. Archived from the original on March 6, 2012. Retrieved March 4, 2011.
  23. ^ "Connecticut DOT delays revenue service for M-8 cars to continue tests". Progressive Railroading. December 16, 2010. Archived from the original on July 6, 2022. Retrieved March 4, 2011.
  24. ^ Grynbaum, Michael B. (March 1, 2011). "On Metro-North's New Haven Line, New Cars Arrive". The New York Times. Archived from the original on January 28, 2021. Retrieved March 5, 2011.
  25. ^ a b "Supply problems disrupt M-8 deliveries". Trains. May 6, 2011. Archived from the original on May 17, 2011. Retrieved May 7, 2011.
  26. ^ Hoffer, Jim (June 29, 2011). "Investigation into delayed new Metro North train cars". WABC-TV. Archived from the original on August 25, 2011. Retrieved June 30, 2011.
  27. ^ "Connecticut places order for un-powered M-8 railcars". Trains. July 20, 2011. Archived from the original on September 18, 2012. Retrieved July 24, 2011.
  28. ^ Barnard, Patrick (October 16, 2012). "Metro-North Adds More Trains to New Haven Line". Stamford, CT Patch. Retrieved October 16, 2012.
  29. ^ Haigh, Susan (May 17, 2013). "Metro North Crash: Injuries Reported After Commuter Trains Collide In Connecticut". Huffington Post. Archived from the original on March 4, 2016. Retrieved May 18, 2013.
  30. ^ Somaiya, Ravi (May 17, 2013). "Trains May Not Run for Days in Crash Area". The New York Times. Archived from the original on June 17, 2022. Retrieved May 20, 2013.
  31. ^ "Procurements January 2014". Meeting of the Metro-North Railroad Committee January 2014 (PDF) (Report). Metropolitan Transportation Authority. January 27, 2014. pp. 17, 22–23. Archived (PDF) from the original on March 15, 2022. Retrieved January 3, 2016.
  32. ^ a b "November 2016 MTA Board Action Items" (PDF). mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. November 16, 2016. Archived (PDF) from the original on November 18, 2016. Retrieved November 17, 2016.
  33. ^ Davis, Mark (September 13, 2016). "It's official: 'bar cars' coming back to Metro-North". WTNH Connecticut News. Archived from the original on August 11, 2022. Retrieved September 16, 2016.
  34. ^ "Bar cars unlikely to return on Metro-North, Connecticut DOT commissioner says". Trains. April 11, 2019. Archived from the original on September 25, 2020. Retrieved July 27, 2020.
  35. ^ Vigdor, Neil (April 10, 2019). "Sober reality: DOT commish says bar cars not likely to return anytime soon on Metro-North New Haven Line". Hartford Courant. Retrieved July 27, 2020.
  36. ^ Ormseth, Matthew (May 27, 2018). "Bar Cars Tabled, Again: Beloved Boozy Carriages Quashed By Transportation Funding Woes". Hartford Courant. Retrieved July 27, 2020.
  37. ^ "Metro-North Railroad Committee Meeting January 2019" (PDF). mta.info. Metropolitan Transportation Authority. January 2019. p. 84. Archived from the original (PDF) on January 21, 2019. Retrieved January 20, 2019.
  38. ^ Carlson, Lee (March 1, 2017). "The Very First Electric MU Train". Flickr. Archived from the original on May 2, 2017. Retrieved April 5, 2017.
  39. ^ "Getting There: Commissioner talks train safety, fares and more". www.ctinsider.com. Retrieved March 22, 2021.
  40. ^ "News photo: Changes coming for Shore Line East?". Trains News Wire. April 25, 2022.
  41. ^ "Governor Lamont Announces That M8 Electric Trains Have Arrived on Shore Line East". Office of the Governor of Connecticut (Press release). May 24, 2022.
  42. ^ Hartley, Scott A. (May 24, 2022). "Connecticut replaces diesel Shore Line East trains with electric multiple-unit equipment". Trains Magazine. Retrieved May 31, 2022.
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