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Luca Comai

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Luca Comai
EducationBachelor's in Agricultural Science (1976)
Master's in Plant Pathology (1978)
Ph.D. in Plant Pathology (1980)
Alma materUniversity of Bologna
Washington State University
University of California, Davis
Known forDevelopment of glyphosate resistant plants, created the TILLING protocol
AwardsDistinguished Research Award (2015)
Faculty Teaching Award (2017)
2017 Innovation Prize for Agricultural Technology (ASPB)
Scientific career
FieldsPlant pathology
Plant biotechnology
InstitutionsCalgene
Washington State University
University of California, Davis
Websitecomailab.org

Luca Comai is an Italian plant biologist whose work has focused on trait discovery for improving agricultural crops and on developing protocols and systems for identifying new genes and mutations in plants. Through his work at Calgene, Comai was one of the first discoverers of the glyphosate resistance gene and is considered a pioneer in the field of plant biotechnology research.

His research since then has focused on developing the Targeting Induced Local Lesions in Genomes (TILLING) protocol that allows for new mutations and traits to be quickly identified within a target plant species through genome and sequence analysis. He has received a number of research and teaching awards, along with being named a Fellow for the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS). In 2023, he was elected to the National Academy of Sciences.[1]

Education

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Comai received his bachelor's degree in agricultural sciences from the University of Bologna in 1976 and his Master's degree in the field of plant pathology in 1978 from Washington State University.[2] He then went on to earn his Ph.D. in plant pathology from the University of California, Davis and completed a postdoc at the same university.[3] His doctoral thesis was on the subject of how Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) is produced in bacteria and how this genetic function was homologous to the plant hormone production of the same name in plants that is encoded in the genome as T-DNA from Agrobacterium.[4]

Career

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Calgene researcher

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Comai first applied for a teaching position at the University of California, Riverside in January 1981.[5] But when this position wasn't offered to him, he instead joined the biotech company Calgene in the latter half of 1981 during its initial opening period.[6] While he had been attempting to get support among the Riverside faculty for his application, he had been informed of the properties of glyphosate and its specific targeting of the EPSP synthase enzyme. He proposed to Calgene's science board that they try to develop a plant gene mutation that changed the shape of EPSP synthase so that glyphosate would be unable to bind to it. His suggestion was rejected due to glyphosate being a product produced by another company, but he decided to work on the gene mutation on his own time.[5] Using Salmonella, he used random mutagenesis and subsequent application of glyphosate to try and stumble across the EPSP synthase mutation he was seeking and he succeeded.[7]

In 1982, Comai presented his glyphosate tolerance mutation to a fellow scientist, Steve Rogers, who worked at Monsanto and demonstrated that he had made a superior form of the resistance gene than the one Monsanto had been working on. Though it was still not good enough for agricultural production and Comai continued his independent work. He published a paper in the journal Nature in October 1985 describing how he and his colleagues at Calgene had created glyphosate-resistant plants using the gene mutation Comai had found years earlier.[5] This outcompeting of Monsanto's flagship product created a strong sense of rivalry with Calgene and subsequent layoffs at Monsanto at the end of 1985.[5]

University of Washington and UC Davis professor

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First becoming a professor at the University of Washington in 1990, Comai's lab focused on the development of improved agricultural genetic traits by using the model organism Arabidopsis thaliana to co-develop what was referred to as the TILLING protocol.[8] This system included developing gene models and inbred lines, including an expanded EcoTILLING protocol developed in 2004, to compare differences in these plant lines to the reference genome and isolate new mutations and traits for further research.[9] He would later lead the TILLING Core Service Facility at UC Davis that continued developing a genetic analysis platform called "TILLING-by-Sequencing" that would be used on not just Arabidopsis, but was expanded to also include Camelina, tomato, rice, and wheat.[10] An award sponsorship of $489,000 was given to Comai's lab in 2014 from a joint donation of three companies in order to sponsor the further use of TILLING in current tomato cultivar populations.[11]

Comai joined UC Davis in 2006 with his lab's research focusing on glyphosate resistance, functional genomics, and epigenetics, along with general mutational trait research. He is also well known for his work as a teacher of the "BIS 101" undergraduate genetics course and his use of whiteboard writing and his co-produced video series alongside the university.[3] A collaboration between Comai's lab and Kyoto University in 2014 on the genetic sex reproduction of the persimmon species Diospyros lotus found through investigating the genomes of several dozen male and female plants the specific genes involved in their sex determination. As these persimmons are among the few plants exhibiting dioecy, this discovery opened up agricultural opportunities for trait improvement and the research received significant media interest.[12][13]

Awards and honors

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Comai was named a Fellow of the (AAAS) in 2012.[14] The Distinguished Research Award was given to Comai in 2015 from the College of Biological Sciences at UC Davis thanks to his accomplishments in the TILLING protocol.[15] In 2016, Comai was awarded with a Institute Honorary Fellowship from the University of Bologna for his work on the genetic improvement of plants.[15] He was also given a Faculty Teaching Award from the College of Biological Sciences at UC Davis in 2017 for his innovations in teaching and his encouragement of high motivation among his students.[3] The 2017 "Innovation Prize for Agricultural Technology" from the American Society of Plant Biologists was presented to Comai for his work on TILLING protocols and plant trait development.[16]

References

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  1. ^ "2023 NAS Election".
  2. ^ "Luca Comai". ORCID. 2021. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
  3. ^ a b c Slipher, David (17 August 2017). "Luca Comai and Michele Igo Receive College of Biological Sciences Faculty Teaching Award". College of Biological Sciences. University of California, Davis. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
  4. ^ "Speakers: Luca Comai". 28th North American Agricultural Biotechnology Council Conference. Washington State University. 2016. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
  5. ^ a b c d Charles, Dan (4 August 2008). Lords Of The Harvest: Biotech, Big Money, And The Future Of Food. Basic Books. ISBN 9780786723768.
  6. ^ Marx, Jean L., ed. (16 March 1989). A Revolution in Biotechnology. Cambridge University Press. p. 139. ISBN 9780521327497.
  7. ^ Forest Products Research Conference, 1986: Matching Utilization Research with the Needs of Timber Managers : October 21-23, 1986, Forest Products Laboratory, Madison, WI. Forest Products Laboratory. 1987. p. 43.
  8. ^ Henikoff S (July 2015). "The Genetic Map Enters Its Second Century". Genetics. 200 (3): 671–674. doi:10.1534/genetics.115.178434. PMC 4512531. PMID 26170439. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
  9. ^ Kriz, Alan L.; Larkins, Brian A., eds. (14 November 2008). Molecular Genetic Approaches to Maize Improvement. Springer Science & Business Media. p. 167. ISBN 9783540689225.
  10. ^ "TILLING and Associated Technologies" (PDF). Journal of Integrative Plant Biology. 52 (11): 1027–1030. 2010. doi:10.1111/j.1744-7909.2010.00999.x. PMID 20977660. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
  11. ^ "Engaging the Region's Seed Industry Cluster" (PDF). Office of Research. University of California, Davis. 2015. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
  12. ^ LaFlamme B (24 November 2014). "Persimmon sex determination". Nature. 46 (12): 1257. doi:10.1038/ng.3161. S2CID 45018093. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
  13. ^ Bhanoo, Sindya N. (3 November 2014). "What Determines the Sex of a Persimmon". The New York Times. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
  14. ^ "2012 AAAS Fellows" (PDF). aaas.org. American Association for the Advancement of Science. 2012. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
  15. ^ a b "The future of agriculture - Lecture by Luca Comai, Department of Plant Biology and Genome Center, UC Davis". Instituto Di Studi Avanzati. University of Bologna. 27 September 2016. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
  16. ^ Kronfeld, Shoshana (28 March 2017). "Announcing the 2017 ASPB Award Winners". Plant Science Today. American Society of Plant Biologists. Retrieved 4 August 2021.
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