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Lois Howe

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Lois Lilley Howe
Born(1864-09-25)September 25, 1864
Cambridge, Massachusetts
DiedSeptember 13, 1964(1964-09-13) (aged 99)
Cambridge, Massachusetts
NationalityAmerican
Alma mater
OccupationArchitect
AwardsAmerican Institute of Architecture Fellow
PracticeHowe, Manning & Almy, Inc.

Lois Lilley Howe (September 25, 1864 – September 13, 1964) was an American architect and founder of the first all female architecture firm in Boston, Massachusetts.

Biography

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view of colonial revival three story house with trees
Lois Lilley Howe House (1889-1964), 6 Appleton Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA (National Register of Historic Places)

Howe was born in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Howe studied at the Museum of Fine Arts School from 1882-1886 rather than attending Harvard Annex (later known as Radcliffe College).[1][2][3][4] She later studied architecture at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, which, by virtue of its land grant status, was one of only six American schools of architecture that admitted women before 1910.[5] Howe graduated in 1890.[6] In a class of only 66 students, she was the only woman.[5]

After graduation she worked in the offices of Allen and Kenway (later renamed Allen & Collens). She placed second, after Sophia Hayden, in a competition to design the Women's Building at the Chicago World's Fair.[7] Howe opened her own architecture office in 1894. At first, her projects consisted of new or remodeled houses for friends and acquaintances, but her efforts soon began to pay off in more commissions. By 1900, she had enough work to set up an office in downtown Boston.[5] In 1907, she advocated for an innovative use of plaster, authoring articles in Architectural Review and Architectural Record.[7] She had a passion for history and architecture details, which emerged not only in her work, but also in a book she published in 1913 with Constance Fuller, another MIT graduate, entitled Details of Old New England Houses.[5] In 1913, she partnered with Eleanor Manning and in 1926 Mary Almy joined the firm which then became Howe, Manning & Almy, Inc.[1] Architect Eliza Newkirk Rogers worked for Howe before starting her own practice in 1913.[6] For a short time around 1920, the landscape architect Elizabeth Greenleaf Pattee worked for Howe.[6]

During her career, Howe was president of the Business Women's Club of Boston and president of the MIT Women's Association.[8] She served on the Boston Society of Architect's Small House Bureau, the AIA Committee on Small Houses, and was appointed to the Board of Directors of the Housing Association of Metropolitan Boston.[9] Howe was 73 when she retired in 1937;[8] Howe, Manning & Almy, Inc. dissolved and her partners launched independent practices.[10] Long after she finished practicing architecture, she continued to practice history, giving talks at the Cambridge Historical Society, trying to recall for younger members Cambridge as it was in her girlhood.[5] Howe died in 1964, just short of her one-hundredth birthday.[7]

Awards and recognition

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She received her first acclaim in 1893 where she was a second place winning in the national competition for the Woman's Building at the World's Columbian Exhibition in Chicago.[5]

In 1901, Howe became the second woman member of the American Institute of Architecture (AIA).[11] In 1931, she was elected the first female Fellow of the AIA.[8]

Many of their designs were featured in articles and books of House Beautiful and Architecture, extolling the best small houses.[5]

Projects

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Originally, Howe founded her firm in Boston on Tremont Street in Boston taking commissions for renovations and new housing.[12] One early renovation was the Hooper-Eliot House in 1902, where she "added the broken scroll–pedimented doorway."[13]

view of house through the trees
Hooper-Eliot House, 1872, Sturgis and Brigham; 1902, Lois Lilley Howe. 25 Reservoir St.

With her firm partners, Howe, Manning & Almy completed over 426 commissions, 500 projects (most of which are still in existence) over 43 years of practice.[10] Lasting designs, careful craftsmanship, first-rate materials, and desirable locations have made their houses some of the most comfortable and attractive dwellings, as well as some of the most exceptional investments, in these geographic areas today.[5]

One of Howes first original designs was 1 Kennedy Road in Cambridge, MA. This home was dates to 1894 and was created by Howe for her newlywed friends. While the original building showed Howes untested design skills, in 1913 she renovated the home to the one still found today.[2][14][15][16]

Commission Number Building Name Year Location Other Information Reference
243 Walnut Hill School 1913 12 Highland St, Natick, Massachusetts 01760 [9]
398 Suffrage Coffee House 1917 [9]
408 Lucy Stone Hospital 1918 [9]
414 Boston Army and Navy Canteen 1918 [9]
537 The College Club of Boston 1923 [9]
574 McCall's Magazine 1923-24 [9]
586 Chec-R Shoe Store 1923 [9]
596 Women’s Republican Club 1924 [9]
640 Simmons University 1925-26 300 Fenway, Boston, MA 02115 [9]

Legacy

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Lois Lilley Howe's papers reside in the collection for Howe, Manning, and Almy at MIT.[9] The Lois Lilley Howe photographic collection is housed at the Cambridge Historical Society.[10]

Further reading

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Howe, Lois Lilley and Constance Fuller. Details from Old New England Houses. The Architectural Book Publishing Co., 1913.[17]

Maycock, Susan E. and Charles M. Sullivan. Building Old Cambridge: Architecture and Development. The MIT Press, 2016.

Merrett, Andrea Jeanne. “Lois Lilley Howe.” Pioneering Women of American Architecture, Beverly Willis Architecture Foundation, Oct. 2014

Nathanson, Larry. “Lois Lilley Howe: America’s First Woman Architect.” A City’s Life and Times: Cambridge in the Twentieth Century, edited by Daphne Abeel, Cambridge Historical Society, 2007, pp. 80–93.

References

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  1. ^ a b "Lois Lilley Howe". Back Bay Houses: Genealogies of Back Bay Houses. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
  2. ^ a b "Pioneering Women of American Architecture". pioneeringwomen.bwaf.org. Retrieved 2024-03-05.
  3. ^ "Lois Lilley Howe: Pioneer Career Woman, Architect, Cambridge Citizen". History Cambridge. Retrieved 2024-03-05.
  4. ^ "Constructing a Place for Female Architects: Lois Lilley Howe, Class of 1890 (from Technology Review)". MITARCHA. 2019-04-08. Retrieved 2024-03-05.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h Cole, Taylor, Doris, Karen Cord (1990). The Lady Architects: Lois Lilley Howe, Elenaor Manning and Mary Almy, 1893-1937. New York City, NY: Midmarch Arts Press. ISBN 1-187675-01-6.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  6. ^ a b c Sarah Allaback (23 May 2008). The first American women architects. University of Illinois Press. p. 104. ISBN 978-0-252-03321-6. Retrieved 12 December 2014.
  7. ^ a b c Gilder, Karen Van. "Lois Lilley Howe -- NRHP Travel Itinerary". www.nps.gov. Retrieved 2018-10-19.
  8. ^ a b c "Lois Howe, 99, Dies; Early Woman Architect". Boston Globe. 15 September 1964. ProQuest 275950161.
  9. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k "Guide to the Records of Howe, Manning & Almy, Inc. and the Papers of Lois Lilley Howe, Eleanor Manning O'Connor, and Mary Almy MC.0009". libraries.mit.edu. Archived from the original on 2019-07-01. Retrieved 2017-09-30.
  10. ^ a b c "Lois Lilley Howe Photographic Collection, (1884-1912) | Cambridge Historical Society". cambridgehistory.org. Retrieved 2017-09-30.
  11. ^ Hays, Johanna. Louise Blanchard Bethune: America's First Female Professional Architect. McFarland, 2014, pp. 20-21.
  12. ^ "Pioneering Women of American Architecture". pioneeringwomen.bwaf.org. Retrieved 2023-03-21.
  13. ^ pls4e (2018-07-17). "Hooper-Eliot House". SAH ARCHIPEDIA. Retrieved 2023-03-21.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  14. ^ "Original Designs". History Cambridge. Retrieved 2024-03-05.
  15. ^ "Cambridge History Minute: The Story Behind the 'Potter House'". Cambridge, MA Patch. 2016-11-18. Retrieved 2024-03-05.
  16. ^ Damme, Marieke Van (2021-01-25). "Lois Lilley Howe pioneered as female architect, and her homes are still found throughout city". Cambridge Day. Retrieved 2024-03-05.
  17. ^ "Year 53 – 1913: Details from Old New England Houses, measured and drawn by Lois L. Howe and Constance Fuller | 150 Years in the Stacks". Retrieved 2023-03-21.

Further reading

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