Lloyd Clayton Jr.
Lloyd E. Clayton Jr. was an American naturopath who established three for profit educational institutions in Birmingham, Alabama. He died on Jan 14, 2019. The schools he founded are Clayton College of Natural Health, the American Institute of Computer Science (now part of American Sentinel University), and Chadwick University. He also owned a business that sold herbal and homeopathic products.
Clayton has stated that he received a Doctor of Naturopathy degree in 1978.[1][2] As a practitioner, his specialties were herbology and massage.[1][2]
Business history
[edit]In the late 1970s, Lloyd Clayton started an eco-friendly business to sell natural products for health; the business operated as Clayton Naturals.[3] He started Clayton College of Natural Health in 1980 as the American College of Holistic Nutrition in 1980. It changed its name to Clayton College of Natural Health in 1997.[4]
In 1988, he established the American Institute of Computer Science. In 2000, that institution was incorporated into American Sentinel University.[5]
Chadwick University
[edit]In 1989, Clayton started Chadwick University, a distance education institution offering programs in many fields.[6][7] Chadwick has been called a diploma mill due to its practice of awarding academic credit for "life experience".[7] Chadwick was not accredited, but at different times it claimed accreditation from the International Association of Universities and Schools and the World Association of Universities and Colleges, neither of which is a recognized educational accrediting organization.[6][8][9] Initially Chadwick also had no state license, due to a ruling that it could operate in Alabama without a license as long as it did not enroll state residents as students, but the institution obtained a state license in 1996.[6] Chadwick's state license was renewed in 2005 and expired in January 2007.[7] In February 2007 the Tuscaloosa News reported that the school's address was in a Birmingham building "labeled ... as the location of Magnolia Corporate Services", and "a call to a phone number listed for Chadwick went to voicemail for Magnolia Corporate Services".[7] Chadwick ceased operation some time thereafter.[10]
The state of Texas (among several other states) classifies this online college as an illegal supplier of educational credentials in the State of Texas and it is against state law to use Chadwick credentials.[11] Thus degrees issued by Chadwick may not be acceptable to employers or institutions, and use of degree titles granted by Chadwick may be restricted or illegal in some jurisdictions.
Clayton College of Natural Health
[edit]Also affiliated with Chadwick University is the Clayton College of Natural Health, which was also founded by Clayton (in 1980) and has also been labeled as a diploma mill. The Clayton school for years has been a classic diploma mill operation, offering doctorates and other degrees to students of natural health care, without providing clinical training or educational standards of any kind.[12]
In July 2010, the college announced on its website that it was ceasing operations, blaming a number of factors but primarily the effects of the recent economic recession.[13] In November 2010, a class action lawsuit was filed seeking recoveries on behalf of thousands of students who were enrolled in prepaid distance education programs at Clayton College.[14] In November 2011 it was announced that as many as 14,000 former students of the defunct Clayton College of Natural Health will split up to $2.31 million in reimbursement for tuition, with part of the settlement to be paid for by Lloyd Clayton himself, with the remainder being paid for by RSUI Indemnity Co. Said funds will be placed in an escrow account for which former students can recover a portion of their lost tuition.[15][16]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b Clayton College of Natural Health Archived 2010-09-23 at the Wayback Machine, Holistic Learning Centers, Inc. website, accessed July 3, 2010.
- ^ a b Who Is Dr. Clayton?, Clayton Naturals website, archived November 27, 2006
- ^ "About Us", Clayton Naturals. Archived from the original July 8, 2011.
- ^ Rachel Shabi, Food fighters, The Guardian, January 8, 2005
- ^ Bear, John; Mariah Bear (2003-01-01). Bears' Guide to Earning Degrees by Distance Learning. Ten Speed Press. ISBN 1-58008-431-1. page 96
- ^ a b c Bear, John; Mariah Bear (2003-01-01). Bears' Guide to Earning Degrees by Distance Learning. Ten Speed Press. ISBN 1-58008-431-1. page 196
- ^ a b c d Jones, Adam (2007-02-11). "State's diploma mills draw academic ire". Tuscaloosa News. Retrieved 2007-02-14.
- ^ “Accrediting” entities not recognized by the State of Oregon Archived 2010-10-15 at the Wayback Machine, Oregon State Office of Degree Authorization (accessed March 17, 2009)
- ^ Bartlett, Thomas & Scott Smallwood (2004). "Special Report: Maxine Asher Has a Degree for You". The Chronicle of Higher Education, Volume 50, Issue 42, Page A12. Archived from the original on 2005-11-25. Retrieved 24 January 2006.
- ^ Chadwick University Alumni Association website, accessed July 3, 2010. "The academic office in Birmingham, Alabama has apparently closed but the school continues to offer student records and transcript services from an administrative office in Silver City, New Mexico."
- ^ "THECB - Institutions Whose Degrees are Illegal to Use in Texas". Archived from the original on 2017-07-12. Retrieved 2013-12-25.
- ^ "The Biggest Quack School in Natural Medicine Closes". Huffington Post. July 12, 2010.
- ^ Lange, Andrew (November 17, 2011). "The biggest quack school in natural medicine closes". Huffington Post.
- ^ "CCNH Lawsuit". Retrieved 3 May 2023.
- ^ "Former Clayton College students to get up to $2.31 million, tuition discounts". 19 November 2011.
- ^ Final order Archived June 17, 2012, at the Wayback Machine