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Liuboml

Coordinates: 51°13′25″N 24°01′58″E / 51.22361°N 24.03278°E / 51.22361; 24.03278
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This page deals with a city in Ukraine. For the film named after this city, see Luboml (film).
Liuboml
Любомль
City
Railway station
Railway station
Flag of Liuboml
Flag
Coat of arms of Liuboml
Coat of arms
Liuboml is located in Volyn Oblast
Liuboml
Liuboml
Liuboml is located in Ukraine
Liuboml
Liuboml
Coordinates: 51°13′25″N 24°01′58″E / 51.22361°N 24.03278°E / 51.22361; 24.03278
Country Ukraine
OblastVolyn Oblast
RaionKovel Raion
HromadaLiuboml urban hromada
Government
 • MayorRoman Jushchuk
Elevation
187 m (614 ft)
Population
 (2022)
 • Total10,295
Map

Liuboml (Ukrainian: Любомль; Russian: Любомль; Polish and German: Luboml; Yiddish: ליבעוונע, romanized: Libevne) is a city in Kovel Raion, Volyn Oblast, western Ukraine. It is located close to the border with Poland. It serves as the administrative center of Liuboml urban hromada. Population: 10,295 (2022 estimate).[1]

Overview

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Liuboml is situated 200 miles (320 km) southeast of Warsaw and 290 miles (470 km) west of Kyiv, in a historic region known as Volhynia; not far from the border with Belarus to the north, and Poland to the west. Because of its strategic location at the crossroads of Central and Eastern Europe, Liuboml had a long history of changing rule, dating back to the 11th century. The territory of Volhynia first belonged to Kyivan Rus', then to the Kingdom of Poland, the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, the Russian Empire, interwar Poland, the USSR, and finally to sovereign Ukraine.[2]

History

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Liuboml Synagogue before the Holocaust, historic photograph

The settlement was first mentioned in written documents from the 13th century.[3][4]

The 4th Infantry Regiment of the Polish Crown Army was stationed in Luboml in 1794.[5]

During the Third Partition of Poland in 1795, Luboml was annexed by Imperial Russia, within which it was located in Vladimir-Volynsky Uyezd of Volhynia Governorate until the Russian Revolution of 1917. From 1921 to September 1939 it was an administrative centre of an urban county in the Wołyń Voivodeship of Poland.

A local newspaper is published here since 1939.[6]

Before the ensuing Holocaust, Luboml was a town with the highest percentage of Jews anywhere in the country by 1931, exceeding 94% of the total population of over 3,300 people.[7]

In Yiddish, the town was called Libivne. During World War II, Liuboml was occupied twice. It remained under the German occupation from 25 June 1941 until 19 July 1944 in the years following the anti-Soviet Operation Barbarossa. It was administered as a part of the Nazi German Reichskommissariat Ukraine. The entire Jewish community of Liuboml was annihilated in a mass shooting action conducted in 1942 on the outskirts of town in the deadliest phase of the Holocaust. The town's Jews along with refugees from western Poland estimated at around 4,500 people, were taken by the German Einsatzgruppen aided by the local Ukrainian collaborators and Auxiliary Police to nearby pits and shot. There were 51 known survivors from the virtually eradicated town. Liuboml was repopulated during the postwar repatriations.[8]

In January 1989 the population was 10 124 people.[9][4]

Historical and Cultural Heritage Monuments

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The town's landmarks include St. George's Church, built in the 16th century in place of a 13th-century Orthodox church which previously occupied the site, and the Trinity Church, which goes back to 1412, but was subsequently rebuilt, with a belfry from 1640. Prior to the Second World War, the grand synagogue was a dominant landmark as well, before its meticulous destruction.

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  • Site of Ancient Settlement with the castle hill and fosse (“Fossia”) in the city centre, XIII-XIV cent.
    Site of Ancient Settlement with the castle hill and fosse (“Fossia”) in the city centre, XIII-XIV cent.
  • Sign of Ancient Settlement of XIII-XIV cent. in the city centre
    Sign of Ancient Settlement of XIII-XIV cent. in the city centre
  • Ancient Settlement in hole “Shopy”, X cent.
    Ancient Settlement in hole “Shopy”, X cent.
  • Sign of Ancient Settlement in hole “Shopy”, X cent.
    Sign of Ancient Settlement in hole “Shopy”, X cent.
  • Saint George Church (1264), entrance view
    Saint George Church (1264), entrance view
  • Saint George Church (1264), side view
    Saint George Church (1264), side view
  • Kostel of the Holy Trinity (1412) with bell tower (1764), complex
    Kostel of the Holy Trinity (1412) with bell tower (1764), complex
  • Kostel of the Holy Trinity (1412), side view
    Kostel of the Holy Trinity (1412), side view
  • Bell Tower (1764) of Kostel of the Holy Trinity, entrance view
    Bell Tower (1764) of Kostel of the Holy Trinity, entrance view
  • Nativity of Virgin Mary Church (wooden, 1884)
    Nativity of Virgin Mary Church (wooden, 1884)
  • Nativity of Virgin Mary Church, entrance view
    Nativity of Virgin Mary Church, entrance view
  • Palace of polish counts Branicki (2nd half of XVIII cent)
    Palace of polish counts Branicki (2nd half of XVIII cent)
  • Palace of polish counts Branicki, back view
    Palace of polish counts Branicki, back view
  • Great Synagogue (1510) ruined in 1947
    Great Synagogue (1510) ruined in 1947
  • Historical central square buildings (faced)
    Historical central square buildings (faced)
  • Historical market place buildings
    Historical market place buildings
  • Statue of Bohdan Khmelnytskiy
    Statue of Bohdan Khmelnytskiy

See also

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Wikimedia Commons has media related to Liuboml.

References

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  1. ^ Чисельність наявного населення України на 1 січня 2022 [Number of Present Population of Ukraine, as of January 1, 2022] (PDF) (in Ukrainian and English). Kyiv: State Statistics Service of Ukraine. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 July 2022.
  2. ^ the Luboml exhibit (1999). "Luboml". Remembering Luboml — Images of a Jewish Community. Minneapolis Jewish Community Center. Homepage. Retrieved 17 September 2015.
  3. ^ Любомль // Советский энциклопедический словарь. редколл., гл. ред. А. М. Прохоров. 4-е изд. М., «Советская энциклопедия», 1986. стр.734
  4. ^ a b Любомль // Большой энциклопедический словарь (в 2-х тт.). / редколл., гл. ред. А. М. Прохоров. том 1. М., "Советская энциклопедия", 1991. стр.736
  5. ^ Gembarzewski, Bronisław (1925). Rodowody pułków polskich i oddziałów równorzędnych od r. 1717 do r. 1831 (in Polish). Warszawa: Towarzystwo Wiedzy Wojskowej. p. 27.
  6. ^ № 2640. Советская жизнь // Летопись периодических и продолжающихся изданий СССР 1986—1990. Часть 2. Газеты. М., «Книжная палата», 1994. стр. 346
  7. ^ Andrzej Gawryszewski (2005). Distribution of Jewish population (by religion) in Poland in 1921 and 1931 (PDF). Warsaw: Polish Academy of Sciences. 282 (44/80 in PDF). Archived from the original on 22 November 2009. Retrieved 17 September 2015. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  8. ^ Florida Chapter of the American Society for Yad Vashem (April 26, 2006). "U.S. Students Discover Holocaust Through Short Stories of Polish Shtetl". JTA: Jewish Telegraphic Agency. Retrieved 17 September 2015.
  9. ^ Всесоюзная перепись населения 1989 г. Численность городского населения союзных республик, их территориальных единиц, городских поселений и городских районов по полу
  • Luboml.org website in remembrance of the vanished Jewish community.
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