Lithuanian–Muscovite War (1507–1508)
| Lithuanian-Muscovite War (1507-1508) | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Part of Muscovite-Lithuanian Wars | |||||||||
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| Belligerents | |||||||||
.svg){kind=small} Grand Duchy of Lithuania Kingdom of Poland |
 Principality of Moscow | ||||||||
| Commanders and leaders | |||||||||
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Sigismund I the Old Konstanty Ostrogski Albertas Goštautas Stanislaw Kiszka Mikołaj Firlej |
Vasili III of Russia Daniil Shchenya Yakov Zakharyevich Koshkin-Zakharyin | ||||||||
Lithuanian-Muscovite War (1507-1508) also known as the Third Lithuanian-Muscovite War was a war between the Grand Duchy of Lithuania supported by the Kingdom of Poland against the Principality of Moscow.
1507 Campaign
[edit]On February 2, 1507, the Sejm of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania passed a resolution on its readiness to declare war on the Principality of Moscow. Casus belli was the Russians' rejection of the Lithuanian ultimatum, calling on Moscow to return all Lithuanian lands captured after 1494. Lithuanian troops carried out three concentrations: one in Smolensk under the command of Albertas Goštautas, another in Polotsk commanded by Stanisław Hlebowicz and the third one in Minsk under the command of the Grand Hetman of Lithuania Stanisław Kiszka.
In April 1507, Muscovite troops attacked the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, but quickly retreated when King Sigismund I the Old carried out an offensive attack, crossing the Berezina river at the front of his troops. In August, Grand Hetman of Lithuania Stanisław Kiszka gathered his troops in the camp near Drutsk. At the same time, the Crimean Tatars of Khan Meñli I Giray, allied with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania, attacked the Principality of Moscow. In October, the Grand Duke of Moscow, Vasili III of Russia, repelled the Tatar attack and attacked the Lithuanian fortresses of Mstsislaw and Krychaw. However, he did not capture these fortresses, threatened by the army of Stanisław Kiszka. In September, Grand Hetman Konstanty Ostrogski of Lithuania escaped from Russian captivity and his command of the Polish-Lithuanian army was restored.
1508 Campaign
[edit]During the 1508 campaign, Lithuanian Court marshal Michael Glinski switched to the side of the Principality of Moscow and unsuccessfully tried to start an uprising against the Grand Duchy of Lithuania in Belarus. Muscovite troops besieged Minsk, Orsha and Slutsk. On July 18, the Russians were forced to stop their siege, threatened by the Polish-Lithuanian troops led by Ostrogski and Mikołaj Firlej, who on July 13, 1508, defeated the Muscovite army in the Battle of Orsha.[3] Ostrogski managed to retake Smolensk. At the beginning of August, peace negotiations began, which Sigismund I wanted to support with an armed demonstration. Stanisław Kiszka, at the head of several thousand Polish-Lithuanian cavalry, attacked far into the Muscovite lands. He advanced towards Moscow, capturing Dorogobuzh, Vyazma, Toropets and Biela, approaching Rzhev and Mozhaysk.
Peace
[edit]On October 8, 1508, perpetual peace was concluded in Moscow. According to it, Gliński returned all his occupied towns,[4] Russia renounced Liubech (and therefore access to the Dnieper)[5] and ceded six border counties.[6] Lithuania, in turn, recognized all Russian conquests during the previous war, including Chernihiv.[7]
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ Taras 2006, p. 175.
- ^ Gudavičius 1999, p. 280.
- ^ Pociecha, Władysław; Firlej, Mikołaj (1948–1958). ??? (in Polish) (6th ed.). Kraków: Polish Biographical Dictionary. p. 8.
- ^ Szujski, Józef (1894). Dzieje Polski. W druk. "Czasu,". p. 241.
- ^ Konopczyński, Władysław (1936-08-11). Dzieje Polski Nowożytnej T. 1 (in Polish). Warsaw: Skład Główny u Gebethnera i Wolffa. p. 8.
- ^ Matejko, Jan (1897-05-05). Dzieje Polski illustrowane (in Polish). nakł. Maurycego Perlesa. p. 511.
- ^ Wolkov 2016, p. 118.
Notes
[edit]Bibliography
[edit]- Wolkov, Vladimir (2016). Под стягом Москвы [Under Moscow banner] (in Russian). Прометей.
- Taras, A. (2006). Войны Московской Руси с Великим княжеством Литовским и Речью Посполитой [The Wars of Muscovite Russia with the Grand Duchy of Lithuania and the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth] (in Russian). Харвест. ISBN 985-13-6108-9.
- Stanisław Herbst: Wojna moskiewska 1507-1508 - A commemorative book in honor of Oskar Halecki, published on the 25th anniversary of his scientific work, Warsaw 1935, p. 29-54
- Gudavičius, Edvardas (1999). Lietuvos istorija. Vilnius: Lietuvos rašytojų sąjungos leidykla. ISBN 978-9986-39-111-1.