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List of true finch species

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The family Fringillidae are the "true" finches. The International Ornithological Committee (IOC) recognizes these 239 species in the family, distributed among three subfamilies and 50 genera. Confusingly, only 79 of the species include "finch" in their common names, and several other families include species called finches. This list includes 18 extinct species, the Bonin grosbeak and 17 Hawaiian honeycreepers.[1]

This list is presented according to the IOC taxonomic sequence and can also be sorted alphabetically by common name and binomial.

Common name Population Status Notes Binomial name + authority IOC sequence
Eurasian chaffinch 500,000,000-799,999,999[2] LC[2] Fringilla coelebs Linnaeus, 1758 1
African chaffinch Unknown NE Fringilla spodiogenys Bonaparte, 1841 2
Azores chaffinch Unknown NE Fringilla moreletti Pucheran, 1859 3
Madeira chaffinch Unknown NE Fringilla maderensis Sharpe, 1888 4
Canary Islands chaffinch Unknown NE Fringilla canariensis Vieillot, 1817 5
Tenerife blue chaffinch 2000-5000

(estimated 3200)[3]

NT[3] Fringilla teydea Webb, Berthelot & Moquin-Tandon, 1836 6
Gran Canaria blue chaffinch 430[4] EN[4] Fringilla polatzeki Hartert, EJO, 1905 7
Brambling 120,000,000-199,999,999[5] LC[5] Fringilla montifringilla Linnaeus, 1758 8
Black-and-yellow grosbeak Unknown[6] LC[6] Mycerobas icterioides (Vigors, 1830) 9
Collared grosbeak Unknown [7] LC[7] Mycerobas affinis (Blyth, 1855) 10
Spot-winged grosbeak Unknown[8] LC[8] Mycerobas melanozanthos (Hodgson, 1836) 11
White-winged grosbeak Unknown[9] LC[9] Mycerobas carnipes (Hodgson, 1836) 12
Evening grosbeak 3,400,000[10] VU[10] Hesperiphona vespertina (Cooper, W, 1825) 13
Hooded grosbeak 20,000-49,999[11] LC[11] Hesperiphona abeillei (Lesson, RP, 1839) 14
Hawfinch 10,000,000-21,999,999[12] LC[12] Coccothraustes coccothraustes (Linnaeus, 1758) 15
Chinese grosbeak Unknown[13] LC[13] Eophona migratoria Hartert, EJO, 1903 16
Japanese grosbeak Unknown[14] LC[14] Eophona personata (Temminck & Schlegel, 1847) 17
Pine grosbeak 254,000-448,000 (estimated 341,000)[15] LC[15] Population is Europe Only[15] Pinicola enucleator (Linnaeus, 1758) 18
Brown bullfinch Unknown[16] LC[16] Pyrrhula nipalensis Hodgson, 1836 19
Orange bullfinch Unknown[17] LC[17] Pyrrhula aurantiaca Gould, 1858 20
Red-headed bullfinch Unknown[18] LC[18] Pyrrhula erythrocephala Vigors, 1832 21
Grey-headed bullfinch Unknown[19] LC[19] Pyrrhula erythaca Blyth, 1862 22
Taiwan bullfinch Unknown NE Pyrrhula owstoni Rothschild & Hartert, EJO, 1907 23
White-cheeked bullfinch Unknown[20] LC[20] Pyrrhula leucogenis Ogilvie-Grant, 1895 24
Eurasian bullfinch 35,000,000-69,999,999[21] LC[21] Pyrrhula pyrrhula (Linnaeus, 1758) 25
Azores bullfinch 500-1,700[22] VU[22] Pyrrhula murina Godman, 1866 26
Asian crimson-winged finch 500,000-2,199,999[23] LC[23] Rhodopechys sanguineus (Gould, 1838) 27
African crimson-winged finch Unknown[24] LC[24] Rhodopechys alienus Whitaker, 1897 28
Trumpeter finch 21,300-44,000

(estimated 30,500)[25]

LC[25] Population is Europe only[25] Bucanetes githagineus (Lichtenstein, MHC, 1823) 29
Mongolian finch 1,100-3,200

(estimated 1,800)[26]

LC[26] Population is Europe only[26] Bucanetes mongolicus (Swinhoe, 1870) 30
Blanford's rosefinch Unknown[27] LC[27] Agraphospiza rubescens (Blanford, 1872) 31
Spectacled finch Unknown[28] LC[28] Callacanthis burtoni (Gould, 1838) 32
Golden-naped finch Unknown LC Pyrrhoplectes epauletta (Hodgson, 1836) 33
Dark-breasted rosefinch Unknown LC Procarduelis nipalensis (Hodgson, 1836) 34
Plain mountain finch Unknown LC Leucosticte nemoricola (Hodgson, 1836) 35
Brandt's mountain finch Unknown LC Leucosticte brandti Bonaparte, 1850 36
Asian rosy finch c. 200-20,000 [1] LC Leucosticte arctoa (Pallas, 1811) 37
Grey-crowned rosy finch >200,000 [2] LC Leucosticte tephrocotis (Swainson, 1832) 38
Black rosy finch 10,000-19,999 [3] EN Leucosticte atrata Ridgway, 1874 39
Brown-capped rosy finch 45,000 [4] EN Leucosticte australis Ridgway, 1874 40
Common rosefinch 60,000,00-119,999,999 [5] LC Carpodacus erythrinus (Pallas, 1770) 41
Scarlet finch Unknown LC Carpodacus sipahi (Hodgson, 1836) 42
Bonin grosbeak 0 EX Carpodacus ferreorostris (Vigors, 1829) 43
Streaked rosefinch Unknown LC Carpodacus rubicilloides Przevalski, 1876 44
Great rosefinch 5,800-23,600 (estimated 10,500) [6] LC Carpodacus rubicilla (Güldenstädt, 1775) 45
Blyth's rosefinch Unknown NE Carpodacus grandis Blyth, 1849 46
Red-mantled rosefinch Unknown LC Carpodacus rhodochlamys (Brandt, JF, 1843) 47
Himalayan beautiful rosefinch Unknown LC Carpodacus pulcherrimus (Moore, F, 1856) 48
Chinese beautiful rosefinch Unknown NE Carpodacus davidianus Milne-Edwards, 1865 49
Pink-rumped rosefinch Unknown LC Carpodacus waltoni (Sharpe, 1905) 50
Pink-browed rosefinch Unknown LC Carpodacus rodochroa (Vigors, 1831) 51
Dark-rumped rosefinch Unknown LC Carpodacus edwardsii Verreaux, J, 1871 52
Spot-winged rosefinch Unknown LC Carpodacus rodopeplus (Vigors, 1831) 53
Sharpe's rosefinch Unknown LC Carpodacus verreauxii (David, A & Oustalet, 1877) 54
Vinaceous rosefinch Unknown LC Carpodacus vinaceus Verreaux, J, 1871 55
Taiwan rosefinch c. 20,000-200,000 [7] LC Carpodacus formosanus Ogilvie-Grant, 1911 56
Sinai rosefinch Unknown LC Carpodacus synoicus (Temminck, 1825) 57
Pale rosefinch Unknown LC Carpodacus stoliczkae (Hume, 1874) 58
Tibetan rosefinch Unknown LC Carpodacus roborowskii (Przevalski, 1887) 59
Sillem's rosefinch Unknown DD Carpodacus sillemi (Roselaar, 1992) 60
Siberian long-tailed rosefinch Unknown LC Carpodacus sibiricus (Pallas, 1773) 61
Chinese long-tailed rosefinch Unknown LC Carpodacus lepidus (David, A & Oustalet, 1877) 62
Pallas's rosefinch 200-20,000 [8] LC Carpodacus roseus (Pallas, 1776) 63
Three-banded rosefinch Unknown LC Carpodacus trifasciatus Verreaux, J, 1871 64
Himalayan white-browed rosefinch Unknown LC Carpodacus thura Bonaparte & Schlegel, 1850 65
Chinese white-browed rosefinch Unknown LC Carpodacus dubius Przevalski, 1876 66
Red-fronted rosefinch Unknown LC Carpodacus puniceus (Blyth, 1845) 67
Crimson-browed finch Unknown LC Carpodacus subhimachalus (Hodgson, 1836) 68
Poo-uli 0 EX Melamprosops phaeosoma Casey & Jacobi, JD, 1974 69
Oahu alauahio 1-7 [9] CR Paroreomyza maculata (Cabanis, 1851) 70
Kakawahie 0 EX Paroreomyza flammea (Wilson, SB, 1890) 71
Maui alauahio 60,000-70,000[29] EN[29] Paroreomyza montana (Wilson, SB, 1890) 72
Akikiki 150-610[30] CR[30] Oreomystis bairdi (Stejneger, 1887) 73
Laysan finch 1,500-7,000 [31] VU[31] Telespiza cantans Wilson, SB, 1890 74
Nihoa finch 2,400-3,600[32] CR[32] Telespiza ultima Bryan, 1917 75
Palila 800-1,200 (estimated 970)[33] CR[33] Loxioides bailleui Oustalet, 1877 76
Lesser koa finch 0[34] EX[34] Rhodacanthis flaviceps Rothschild, 1892 77
Greater koa finch 0[35] EX[35] Rhodacanthis palmeri Rothschild, 1892 78
Kona grosbeak 0[36] EX[36] Chloridops kona Wilson, SB, 1888 79
Ou 1-49[37] CR[37] Psittirostra psittacea (Gmelin, JF, 1789) 80
Lanai hookbill 0[38] EX[38] Dysmorodrepanis munroi Perkins, 1919 81
Iiwi 250,000-500,000[39] VU[39] Drepanis coccinea (Forster, G, 1780) 82
Hawaii mamo 0[40] EX[40] Drepanis pacifica (Gmelin, JF, 1788) 83
Black mamo 0[41] EX[41] Drepanis funerea Newton, A, 1894 84
Ula-ai-hawane 0[42] EX[42] Ciridops anna (Dole, 1878) 85
Akohekohe 1,100-2,500[43] CR[43] Palmeria dolei (Wilson, SB, 1891) 86
Apapane Himatione sanguinea (Gmelin, JF, 1788) 87
Laysan honeycreeper (X) Himatione fraithii Rothschild, 1892 88
Greater amakihi (X) Viridonia sagittirostris Rothschild, 1892 89
Lesser akialoa (X) Akialoa obscura (Gmelin, JF, 1788) 90
Oahu akialoa (X) Akialoa ellisiana (Gray, GR, 1860) 91
Kauai akialoa (X) Akialoa stejnegeri (Wilson, SB, 1889) 92
Maui-nui akialoa (X) Akialoa lanaiensis (Rothschild, 1893) 93
Oahu nukupuu (X) Hemignathus lucidus Lichtenstein, MHC, 1839 94
Kauai nukupuu Hemignathus hanapepe Wilson, SB, 1889 95
Maui nukupuu Hemignathus affinis Rothschild, 1893 96
Akiapolaau Hemignathus wilsoni (Rothschild, 1893) 97
Maui parrotbill Pseudonestor xanthophrys Rothschild, 1893 98
Anianiau Magumma parva (Stejneger, 1887) 99
Hawaii creeper Loxops mana (Wilson, SB, 1891) 100
Akekee Loxops caeruleirostris (Wilson, SB, 1890) 101
Hawaii akepa Loxops coccineus (Gmelin, JF, 1789) 102
Oahu akepa (X) Loxops wolstenholmei Rothschild, 1893 103
Maui akepa Loxops ochraceus Rothschild, 1893 104
Hawaii amakihi Chlorodrepanis virens (Gmelin, JF, 1788) 105
Oahu amakihi Chlorodrepanis flava (Bloxam, A, 1827) 106
Kauai amakihi Chlorodrepanis stejnegeri (Wilson, SB, 1890) 107
Purple finch Haemorhous purpureus (Gmelin, JF, 1789) 108
Cassin's finch Haemorhous cassinii (Baird, SF, 1854) 109
House finch Haemorhous mexicanus (Müller, PLS, 1776) 110
European greenfinch Chloris chloris (Linnaeus, 1758) 111
Oriental greenficnh Chloris sinica (Linnaeus, 1766) 112
Bonin greenfinch Chloris kittlitzi (Seebohm, 1890) 113
Yellow-breasted greenfinch Chloris spinoides (Vigors, 1831) 114
Vietnamese greenfinch Chloris monguilloti (Delacour, 1926) 115
Black-headed greenfinch Chloris ambigua (Oustalet, 1896) 116
Desert finch Rhodospiza obsoleta (Lichtenstein, MHC, 1823) 117
Socotra golden-winged grosbeak Rhynchostruthus socotranus Sclater, PL & Hartlaub, 1881 118
Arabian golden-winged grosbeak Rhynchostruthus percivali Ogilvie-Grant, 1900 119
Somali golden-winged grosbeak Rhynchostruthus louisae Lort Phillips, 1897 120
Oriole finch Linurgus olivaceus (Fraser, 1843) 121
Principe seedeater Crithagra rufobrunnea (Gray, GR, 1862) 122
Sao Tome grosbeak Crithagra concolor (Barboza du Bocage, 1888) 123
African citril Crithagra citrinelloides (Rüppell, 1840) 124
Western citril Crithagra frontalis (Reichenow, 1904) 125
Southern citril Crithagra hyposticta (Reichenow, 1904) 126
Black-faced canary Crithagra capistrata Finsch, 1870 127
Papyrus canary Crithagra koliensis (Grant, CHB & Mackworth-Praed, 1952) 128
Forest canary Crithagra scotops Sundevall, 1850 129
White-rumped seedeater Crithagra leucopygia Sundevall, 1850 130
Black-throated canary Crithagra atrogularis (Smith, A, 1836) 131
Yellow-rumped seedeater Crithagra xanthopygia (Rüppell, 1840) 132
Reichenow's seedeater Crithagra reichenowi (Salvadori, 1888) 133
Arabian serin Crithagra rothschildi (Ogilvie-Grant, 1902) 134
Yellow-throated seedeater Crithagra flavigula (Salvadori, 1888) 135
Salvadori's seedeater Crithagra xantholaema (Salvadori, 1896) 136
Lemon-breasted canary Crithagra citrinipectus (Clancey & Lawson, 1960) 137
Yellow-fronted canary Crithagra mozambica (Müller, PLS, 1776) 138
White-bellied canary Crithagra dorsostriata Reichenow, 1887 139
Ankober serin Crithagra ankoberensis (Ash, 1979) 140
Yemen serin Crithagra menachensis (Ogilvie-Grant, 1913) 141
Cape siskin Crithagra totta (Sparrman, 1786) 142
Drakensberg siskin Crithagra symonsi (Roberts, 1916) 143
Northern grosbeak-canary Crithagra donaldsoni (Sharpe, 1895) 144
Southern grosbeak-canary Crithagra buchanani (Hartert, EJO, 1919) 145
Yellow canary Crithagra flaviventris (Gmelin, JF, 1789) 146
Brimstone canary Crithagra sulphurata (Linnaeus, 1766) 147
Stripe-breasted seedeater Crithagra striatipectus (Sharpe, 1891) 148
Reichard's seedeater Crithagra reichardi (Reichenow, 1882) 149
Streaky-headed seedeater Crithagra gularis (Smith, A, 1836) 150
West African seedeater Crithagra canicapilla (Du Bus de Gisignies, 1855) 151
Black-eared seedeater Crithagra mennelli (Chubb, EC, 1908) 152
Brown-rumped seedeater Crithagra tristriata (Rüppell, 1840) 153
White-throated canary Crithagra albogularis Smith, A, 1833 154
Thick-billed seedeater Crithagra burtoni (Gray, GR, 1862) 155
Streaky seedeater Crithagra striolata (Rüppell, 1840) 156
Yellow-browed seedeater Crithagra whytii (Shelley, 1897) 157
Kipengere seedeater Crithagra melanochroa (Reichenow, 1900) 158
Protea canary Crithagra leucoptera Sharpe, 1871 159
Twite Linaria flavirostris (Linnaeus, 1758) 160
Common linnet Linaria cannabina (Linnaeus, 1758) 161
Yemen linnet Linaria yemenensis (Ogilvie-Grant, 1913) 162
Warsangli linnet Linaria johannis (Clarke, S, 1919) 163
Redpoll Acanthis flammea (Linnaeus, 1758) 164
Parrot crossbill Loxia pytyopsittacus Borkhausen, 1793 165
Scottish crossbill Loxia scotica Hartert, EJO, 1904 166
Red crossbill Loxia curvirostra Linnaeus, 1758 167
Cassia crossbill Loxia sinesciuris Benkman, 2009 168
Two-barred crossbill Loxia leucoptera Gmelin, JF, 1789 169
Hispaniolan crossbill Loxia megaplaga Riley, 1916 170
Indonesian serin Chrysocorythus estherae (Finsch, 1902) 171
Mindanao serin Chrysocorythus mindanensis (Ripley & Rabor, 1961) 172
European goldfinch Carduelis carduelis (Linnaeus, 1758) 173
Grey-crowned goldfinch Carduelis caniceps (Vigors, 1831) 174
Citril finch Carduelis citrinella (Pallas, 1764) 175
Corsican finch Carduelis corsicana (Koenig, AF, 1899) 176
Red-fronted serin Serinus pusillus (Pallas, 1811) 177
European serin Serinus serinus (Linnaeus, 1766) 178
Syrian serin Serinus syriacus Bonaparte, 1850 179
Atlantic canary Serinus canaria (Linnaeus, 1758) 180
Cape canary Serinus canicollis (Swainson, 1838) 181
Yellow-crowned canary Serinus flavivertex (Blanford, 1869) 182
Ethiopian siskin Serinus nigriceps Rüppell, 1840 183
Black-headed canary Serinus alario (Linnaeus, 1758) 184
Tibetan serin Spinus thibetanus (Hume, 1872) 185
Lawrence's goldfinch Spinus lawrencei (Cassin, 1850) 186
American goldfinch Spinus tristis (Linnaeus, 1758) 187
Lesser goldfinch Spinus psaltria (Say, 1822) 188
Eurasian siskin Spinus spinus (Linnaeus, 1758) 189
Antillean siskin Spinus dominicensis (Bryant, H, 1867) 190
Pine siskin Spinus pinus (Wilson, A, 1810) 191
Black-capped siskin Spinus atriceps (Salvin, 1863) 192
Black-headed siskin Spinus notatus (Du Bus de Gisignies, 1847) 193
Black-chinned siskin Spinus barbatus (Molina, 1782) 194
Yellow-bellied siskin Spinus xanthogastrus (Du Bus de Gisignies, 1855) 195
Olivaceous siskin Spinus olivaceus Berlepsch & Stolzmann, 1894 196
Hooded siskin Spinus magellanicus (Vieillot, 1805) 197
Saffron siskin Spinus siemiradzkii (Berlepsch & Taczanowski, 1884) 198
Yellow-faced siskin Spinus yarrellii (Audubon, 1839) 199
Red siskin Spinus cucullatus (Swainson, 1820) 200
Black siskin Spinus atratus (d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837) 201
Yellow-rumped siskin Spinus uropygialis (Sclater, PL, 1862) 202
Thick-billed siskin Spinus crassirostris (Landbeck, 1877) 203
Andean siskin Spinus spinescens (Bonaparte, 1850) 204
Elegant euphonia Chlorophonia elegantissima (Bonaparte, 1838) 205
Hispaniolan euphonia Chlorophonia musica (Gmelin, JF, 1789) 206
Puerto Rican euphonia Chlorophonia sclateri (Sclater, PL, 1854) 207
Lesser Antillean euphonia Chlorophonia flavifrons (Sparrman, 1789) 208
Golden-rumped euphonia Chlorophonia cyanocephala (Vieillot, 1819) 209
Blue-naped chlorophonia Chlorophonia cyanea (Thunberg, 1822) 210
Chestnut-breasted chlorophonia Chlorophonia pyrrhophrys (Sclater, PL, 1851) 211
Yellow-collared chlorophonia Chlorophonia flavirostris Sclater, PL, 1861 212
Blue-crowned chlorophonia Chlorophonia occipitalis (Du Bus de Gisignies, 1847) 213
Golden-browed chlorophonia Chlorophonia callophrys (Cabanis, 1861) 214
Jamaican euphonia Euphonia jamaica (Linnaeus, 1766) 215
Orange-crowned euphonia Euphonia saturata (Cabanis, 1861) 216
Plumbeous euphonia Euphonia plumbea Du Bus de Gisignies, 1855 217
Purple-throated euphonia Euphonia chlorotica (Linnaeus, 1766) 218
Finsch's euphonia Euphonia finschi Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1877 219
Velvet-fronted euphonia Euphonia concinna Sclater, PL, 1855 220
Trinidad euphonia Euphonia trinitatis Strickland, 1851 221
West Mexican euphonia Euphonia godmani Brewster, 1889 222
Scrub euphonia Euphonia affinis (Lesson, RP, 1842) 223
Yellow-crowned euphonia Euphonia luteicapilla (Cabanis, 1861) 224
White-lored euphonia Euphonia chrysopasta Sclater, PL & Salvin, 1869 225
White-vented euphonia Euphonia minuta Cabanis, 1849 226
Green-chinned euphonia Euphonia chalybea (Mikan, 1825) 227
Violaceous euphonia Euphonia violacea (Linnaeus, 1758) 228
Yellow-throated euphonia Euphonia hirundinacea Bonaparte, 1838 229
Thick-billed euphonia Euphonia laniirostris d'Orbigny & Lafresnaye, 1837 230
Spot-crowned euphonia Euphonia imitans (Hellmayr, 1936) 231
Olive-backed euphonia Euphonia gouldi Sclater, PL, 1857 232
Fulvous-vented euphonia Euphonia fulvicrissa Sclater, PL, 1857 233
Tawny-capped euphonia Euphonia anneae Cassin, 1865 234
Orange-bellied euphonia Euphonia xanthogaster Sundevall, 1834 235
Bronze-green euphonia Euphonia mesochrysa Salvadori, 1873 236
Golden-sided euphonia Euphonia cayennensis (Gmelin, JF, 1789) 237
Rufous-bellied euphonia Euphonia rufiventris (Vieillot, 1819) 238
Chestnut-bellied euphonia Euphonia pectoralis (Latham, 1801) 239

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Gill, F.; Donsker, D.; Rasmussen, P., eds. (August 2024). "Finches, euphonias, longspurs, Thrush-tanager". IOC World Bird List. v 14.2. Retrieved August 20, 2024.
  2. ^ a b "Fringilla coelebs (Common Chaffinch)".
  3. ^ a b "Fringilla teydea (Tenerife Blue Chaffinch)".
  4. ^ a b "Fringilla polatzeki (Gran Canaria Blue Chaffinch)".
  5. ^ a b "Fringilla montifringilla (Brambling)".
  6. ^ a b "Mycerobas icterioides (Black-and-yellow Grosbeak)".
  7. ^ a b "Mycerobas affinis (Collared Grosbeak)".
  8. ^ a b "Mycerobas melanozanthos (Spot-winged Grosbeak)".
  9. ^ a b "Mycerobas carnipes (White-winged Grosbeak)".
  10. ^ a b "Hesperiphona vespertina (Evening Grosbeak)".
  11. ^ a b "Hesperiphona abeillei (Hooded Grosbeak)".
  12. ^ a b "Coccothraustes coccothraustes (Hawfinch)".
  13. ^ a b "Eophona migratoria (Chinese Grosbeak)".
  14. ^ a b "Eophona personata (Japanese Grosbeak)".
  15. ^ a b c "Pinicola enucleator (Pine Grosbeak)".
  16. ^ a b "Pyrrhula nipalensis (Brown Bullfinch)".
  17. ^ a b "Pyrrhula aurantiaca (Orange Bullfinch)".
  18. ^ a b "Pyrrhula erythrocephala (Red-headed Bullfinch)".
  19. ^ a b "Pyrrhula erythaca (Grey-headed Bullfinch)".
  20. ^ a b "Pyrrhula leucogenis (White-cheeked Bullfinch)".
  21. ^ a b "Pyrrhula pyrrhula (Eurasian Bullfinch)".
  22. ^ a b "Pyrrhula murina (Azores Bullfinch)".
  23. ^ a b "Rhodopechys sanguineus (Eurasian Crimson-winged Finch)".
  24. ^ a b "Rhodopechys alienus (African Crimson-winged Finch)".
  25. ^ a b c "Bucanetes githagineus (Trumpeter Finch)".
  26. ^ a b c "Bucanetes mongolicus (Mongolian Finch)".
  27. ^ a b "Agraphospiza rubescens (Blanford's Rosefinch)".
  28. ^ a b "Callacanthis burtoni (Spectacled Finch)".
  29. ^ a b "Paroreomyza montana (Maui Alauahio)".
  30. ^ a b "Oreomystis bairdi (Akikiki)".
  31. ^ a b "Telespinza cantans (Laysan Finch)".
  32. ^ a b "Telespiza ultima (Nihoa Finch)".
  33. ^ a b "Loxioides bailleui (Palila)".
  34. ^ a b "Rhodacanthis flaviceps (Lesser Koa-finch)".
  35. ^ a b "Rhodacanthis palmeri (Greater Koa-finch)".
  36. ^ a b "Chloridops kona (Kona Grosbeak)".
  37. ^ a b "Psittirostra psittacea (Ou)".
  38. ^ a b "Dysmorodrepanis munroi (Lanai Hookbill)".
  39. ^ a b "Drepanis coccinea (Iiwi)".
  40. ^ a b "Drepanis pacifica (Hawaii Mamo)".
  41. ^ a b "Drepanis funerea (Black Mamo)".
  42. ^ a b "Ciridops anna (Ula-ai-hawane)".
  43. ^ a b "Palmeria dolei (Akohekohe)".
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