List of tropical cyclone records
(Redirected from List of tropical cyclone extremes)
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This is a condensed list of worldwide tropical cyclone records set by different storms and seasons.[1]
| Colour scheme used in this table: |
|---|
| Hydrological records |
| Impact records |
| Intensity records |
| Longevity records |
| Size records |
| Velocity records |
| Miscellaneous records |
Major records
[edit]| Characteristic | Record | Date | Tropical Cyclone and/or Location | Ref(s) |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Highest overall rainfall | 6,083 mm (239.5 in) | January 14, 1980 – January 28, 1980 | Cyclone Hyacinthe in Reunion Island | [2] |
| Highest storm surge | 14.5 m (47.6 ft) | March 5, 1899 | Cyclone Mahina in Bathurst Bay, Queensland, Australia | [3] |
| Highest confirmed wave heightα | 30 m (98.4 ft) | September 11, 1995 | Hurricane Luis on Queen Elizabeth 2 in the north Atlantic Ocean | [4] |
| Costliest tropical cyclone | $125 billion (2005 and 2017 USD) in damages | August 29, 2005 August 25, 2017 |
Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Harvey in the northern Gulf Coast of the United States | [5] |
| Costliest tropical cyclone season | ≥$294.803 billion (2017 USD) in damages during the 2017 Atlantic hurricane season | April 19, 2017 – November 9, 2017 | North Atlantic Ocean | [6] |
| Deadliest tropical cyclone | c. 500,000+ fatalities | November 12, 1970 | Bhola cyclone in East Pakistan | [7][8] |
| Deadliest tropical cyclone season | 500,805+ fatalities during the 1970 North Indian Ocean cyclone season | May 2, 1970 – November 29, 1970 | North Indian Ocean | [9] |
| Most tornadoes formed | 120 confirmed tornadoes | September 15, 2004 – September 18, 2004 | Hurricane Ivan in the southern and eastern United States | [10] |
| Highest wind gusts | 113.4 m/s (254 mph; 220.4 kn; 408 km/h) | April 10, 1996 | Cyclone Olivia in Barrow Island, Western Australia | [11] |
| Highest accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index for a tropical cyclone | 87 | February 4, 2023 – March 14, 2023 | Cyclone Freddy in the Australian region and South-West Indian Ocean | [12][13] |
| Highest Accumulated cyclone energy (ACE) index for a season | 570 during the 1997 Pacific typhoon season | January 19, 1997 – December 23, 1997 | Northwest Pacific Ocean | [14] |
| Highest number of rapid intensification cycles for a tropical cyclone | 7 | February 4, 2023 – March 14, 2023 | Cyclone Freddy in the Australian region and South-West Indian Ocean | [13] |
| Most intense (1-minute maximum sustained surface winds) |
96.2 m/s (215 mph; 187.0 kn; 346 km/h) | October 23, 2015 | Hurricane Patricia in the northeast Pacific Ocean | [15] |
| Most intense (10-minute maximum sustained winds) |
78.2 m/s (175 mph; 152.0 kn; 282 km/h) | February 20, 2016 | Cyclone Winston in the south Pacific Ocean | [16] |
| Most intense (lowest central pressure) |
870 mb (870.0 hPa; 25.7 inHg) | October 12, 1979 | Typhoon Tip in the northwest Pacific Ocean | [17][18] |
| Most intense at landfall (1-minute maximum sustained winds) |
87.2 m/s (195 mph; 169.5 kn; 314 km/h) | November 1, 2020 | Typhoon Goni in Catanduanes, Philippines |
[19] |
| Most intense at landfall (10-minute maximum sustained winds) |
78.2 m/s (175 mph; 152.0 kn; 282 km/h) | February 20, 2016 | Cyclone Winston in Viti Levu, Fiji. | [16] |
| Most intense at landfall (pressure) |
884 mb (884.0 hPa; 26.1 inHg) | February 20, 2016 | Cyclone Winston in Viti Levu, Fiji. | [16] |
| Longest lasting tropical cyclone | 36 days | February 4, 2023 – March 14, 2023 | Cyclone Freddy in the Australian region and South-West Indian Ocean | [20] |
| Longest distance traveled by tropical cyclone | 13,180 km (8,190 mi) | August 11, 1994 – September 13, 1994 | Hurricane/Typhoon John in the northeast and northwest Pacific Ocean | [21][22] |
| Longest lasting Category 4 or 5 winds | 8.25 consecutive days | August 24, 2006 – September 2, 2006 | Hurricane/Typhoon Ioke in the northeast and northwest Pacific Ocean | [23] |
| Longest lasting Category 5 windsβ | 5.50 consecutive days | September 9, 1961 – September 14, 1961 | Typhoon Nancy in the northwest Pacific Ocean | [24] |
| Largest tropical cyclone (radius of winds from center) |
Gale winds 17.5 m/s (40 mph; 35 kn; 65 km/h) extending 1,086 km (675 mi) from center | October 12, 1979 | Typhoon Tip in the northwest Pacific Ocean | [17][25] |
| Smallest tropical cyclone (radius of winds from center) |
Gale winds 17.5 m/s (40 mph; 35 kn; 65 km/h) extending 18.5 km (11.5 mi) from center | October 7, 2008 | Tropical Storm Marco in the Bay of Campeche | [26] |
| Largest eye |
370 km (230 mi) | August 20, 1960 August 17, 1997 |
Typhoon Carmen and Typhoon Winnie in the northwest Pacific Ocean | [27][28] |
| Smallest eye |
3.7 km (2.3 mi) | October 19, 2005 | Hurricane Wilma in the Caribbean Sea | [29] |
| Fastest intensification (1-minute sustained surface winds) |
54 m/s (120 mph; 105 kn; 195 km/h), from 38 m/s (85 mph; 75 kn; 135 km/h) to 91.6 m/s (205 mph; 180 kn; 330 km/h) in under 24 h | October 22, 2015 – October 23, 2015 | Hurricane Patricia in the northeast Pacific Ocean | [15] |
| Fastest intensification (pressure) |
100 mb (100 hPa), from 976 mb (976.0 hPa; 28.8 inHg) to 876 mb (876.0 hPa; 25.9 inHg) in under 24 h | September 22, 1983 – September 23, 1983 | Typhoon Forrest in the northwest Pacific Ocean | [30][31] |
| Fastest seafloor current produced by a tropical cyclone | 2.25 m/s (5 mph; 5 kn; 10 km/h) | September 16, 2004 | Hurricane Ivan in the north Atlantic Ocean | [32][33] |
| Fastest updraft produced in a tropical cyclone | 27.4 m/s (60 mph; 55 kn; 100 km/h) | October 23, 2015 | Hurricane Patricia in the northeast Pacific Ocean | [34] |
| Highest forward speed | 31.18 m/s (70 mph; 60 kn; 110 km/h) | September 15, 1961 | Tropical Storm Six in the north Atlantic Ocean | [35] |
| Closest proximity to the equator | 1.4° N | December 26, 2001 | Tropical Storm Vamei in the South China Sea | [36] |
| Heaviest natural object moved by a tropical cyclone | 160,572 kg (177 short tons) | November 8, 2013 | Typhoon Haiyan in Samar, Philippines | [37] |
| Highest number of tropical storms in a season | 39 official storms during the 1964 Pacific typhoon season | May 12, 1964 – December 17, 1964 | Northwest Pacific Ocean | [38] |
| Warmest eye | 34.0 °C (93.2 °F) at 700 hPa height | August 19, 1979 | Typhoon Judy in the northwest Pacific Ocean | [39] |
| Coldest cloud tops produced by a tropical cyclone | −109.35 °C (−164.83 °F) | November 30, 2019 | Typhoon Kammuri over the Philippine Sea | [40] |
See also
[edit]- List of weather records
- List of the most intense tropical cyclones
- List of wettest tropical cyclones
- Outline of tropical cyclones
- List of Atlantic hurricane records
- List of Pacific hurricanes
Notes
[edit]- ^α Although Luis produced the highest confirmed wave height for a tropical cyclone, it is possible that Hurricane Ivan produced a wave measuring 131 feet (40 m).[41]
- ^β It is believed that reconnaissance aircraft overestimated wind speeds in tropical cyclones from the 1940s to the 1960s, and data from this time period is generally considered unreliable. Consequently, Typhoon Nancy may not have sustained Category 5 winds for such a long duration.
References
[edit]- ^ Cerveny, Randall S.; Jay Lawrimore; Roger Edwards; Christopher Landsea (June 2007). "Extreme Weather Records. Compilation, Adjudication, and Publication". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 88 (6): 853–860. Bibcode:2007BAMS...88..853C. doi:10.1175/BAMS-88-6-853.
- ^ "Some Remarkable Values in the SW Indian Ocean" (PDF). Meteo France. Retrieved 2015-07-30.
- ^ "Faq : Hurricanes, Typhoons, And Tropical Cyclones". Aoml.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2008-12-23.
- ^ Staff Writer (2004). "Extremes of Weather: Horrifying hurricanes". The Canadian Atlas. Retrieved August 19, 2017.
- ^ "Costliest U.S. tropical cyclones tables update" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 28 January 2018.
- ^ Faust, Eberhard; Bove, Mark. "The hurricane season 2017: a cluster of extreme storms". MunichRE.com. Retrieved 25 April 2018.
- ^ Frank, Neil; Husain, S. A. (June 1971). "The deadliest tropical cyclone in history?" (PDF). Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. American Meteorological Society. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2007-06-24. Retrieved 2007-04-15.
- ^ The world's worst natural disasters Calamities of the 20th and 21st centuries CBC News. Retrieved 2010-10-29.
- ^ "Tropical Cyclone Season Peaks Twice in the Northern Indian Ocean".
- ^ "What is the largest known outbreak of tropical cyclone tornadoes?". Central Pacific Hurricane Center. Retrieved 28 August 2018.
- ^ "Info note No.58 — World Record Wind Gust: 408 km/h". World Meteorological Association. 2010-01-22. Archived from the original on 2013-01-20.
- ^ "Real-Time Southern Hemisphere Statistics by Storm for 2022/2023". Colorado State University. Archived from the original on 19 February 2023. Retrieved 26 February 2023.
- ^ a b Cappucci, Matthew (12 March 2023). "Lashing Mozambique, Freddy has become Earth's most energetic cyclone on record". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Archived from the original on 13 March 2023. Retrieved 2023-03-13.
- ^ Murty, Tad. "Cyclone-Related Records". International Climate Science Coalition. Archived from the original on 5 August 2017. Retrieved 5 August 2017.
- ^ a b "Hurricane Patricia – EP202015" (PDF). National Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2016-02-06.
- ^ a b c Diamond, Howard (5 July 2017). "Southwest Pacific Enhanced Archive for Tropical Cyclones (SPEArTC)". Retrieved 6 July 2017.
- ^ a b George M. Dunnavan & John W. Dierks (1980). "An Analysis of Super Typhoon Tip (October 1979)". Monthly Weather Review. 108 (11). Joint Typhoon Warning Center: 1915. doi:10.1175/1520-0493(1980)108<1915:AAOSTT>2.0.CO;2. ISSN 1520-0493.
- ^ "Faq : Hurricanes, Typhoons, And Tropical Cyclones". Aoml.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2008-12-23.
- ^ Pelmorex Weather Networks, Inc. "Strongest storm of 2020, Typhoon Goni makes landfall in the Philippines". www.theweathernetwork.com. Retrieved 2020-11-01.
- ^ "Tropical Cyclone Freddy is the longest tropical cyclone on record at 36 days: WMO". World Meteorological Organization. 2024-07-01. Retrieved 2024-07-02.
- ^ "What is the farthest a tropical cyclone has traveled?". National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 2019-03-31.
- ^ "Tropical Cyclone: Longest Distance Traveled by Tropical Cyclone". World Meteorological Organization. Retrieved 9 March 2023.
- ^ "The 2006 Central Pacific Tropical Cyclone Season". Central Pacific Hurricane Center. Retrieved 2007-11-28.
- ^ "FAQ : Hurricanes, Typhoons, And Tropical Cyclones". Aoml.noaa.gov. Retrieved 2008-12-23.
- ^ "Faq : Hurricanes, Typhoons, And Tropical Cyclones". Aoml.noaa.gov. Archived from the original on 2008-12-22. Retrieved 2008-12-23.
- ^ NHC Hurricane Research Division (2008-01-01). "Atlantic hurricane best track ("HURDAT")". NOAA. Retrieved 2008-10-08.
- ^ Evans, Bill (2012). It's Raining Fish and Spiders. Hurricane Extremes: Google Ebooks. ISBN 9781429984829. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
- ^ Jeff Masters (July 10, 2015). "Category 3 Chan-hom: One of Shanghai's Strongest Typhoons on Record?". Weather Underground. Archived from the original on June 17, 2018. Retrieved April 15, 2018.
- ^ A Dictionary of Weather. Weather Records: Storm Dunlop. 15 August 2008. ISBN 9780191580055. Retrieved 20 August 2015.
- ^ Japan Meteorological Agency (October 10, 1992). RSMC Best Track Data – 1980–1989 (Report). Archived from the original (.TXT) on December 5, 2014. Retrieved September 20, 2013.
- ^ The Japan Meteorological Agency is the official Regional Specialized Meteorological Center for the western Pacific Ocean.
- ^ "Hurricane Ivan Uncovered a 60,000 year old Cypress Forest in the Gulf of Mexico". WordPress.com. 9 August 2017. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
- ^ "Hurricane and Storm Shutters in Gulf Shores Alabama". Hurricane Shutters Florida. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
- ^ Robert F. Rogers, Sim Aberson, Michael M. Bell, Daniel J. Cecil, James D. Doyle, Todd B. Kimberlain, Josh Morgerman, Lynn K. Shay, and Christopher Velden (October 30, 2017). "Rewriting the Tropical Record Books: The Extraordinary Intensification of Hurricane Patricia (2015)". Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society. 98 (10): 2, 091–2, 112. Bibcode:2017BAMS...98.2091R. doi:10.1175/BAMS-D-16-0039.1. S2CID 126016220. Retrieved November 8, 2017.
{{cite journal}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) - ^ "What is the average forward speed of a hurricane?". Hurricane Research Division. Retrieved 14 November 2017.
- ^ Gary Padgett (2002). "December 2001 Worldwide Tropical Weather Summary". Retrieved 2010-04-14.
- ^ Hooper Ben (2014-12-19). "Supertyphoon moved 177-ton boulder 150 feet". UPI. Retrieved 2014-12-19.
- ^ Landsea, Chris; Delgado, Sandy. "Record number of storms by basin". Hurricane Research Division. Retrieved 2 August 2017.
- ^ "1979 Annual Typhoon Report" (PDF). Joint Typhoon Warning Center: 157. 1979. Retrieved 21 July 2018.
- ^ Bachmeier, Scott (30 November 2019). "Typhoon Kammuri in the West Pacific Ocean, with record cold cloud-top temperatures". Cooperative Institute for Meteorological Satellite Studies. Retrieved 7 March 2023.
- ^ Barnes, Jay (2007). Florida's Hurricane History. UNC Press Books. ISBN 9780807830680. Retrieved 19 August 2017.
External links
[edit]- Tropical Cyclone Records from the Global Weather & Climate Extremes (World Meteorological Organization)
- Bureau of Meteorology, Australian Cyclone History
- Discussion of size extremes for tropical cyclones near Australia Archived 2016-01-21 at the Wayback Machine
- "FAQ : Hurricanes, Typhoons, and Tropical Cyclones". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Retrieved 2008-12-23.
- "The Deadliest Costliest, and Most Intense United States Hurricanes From 1900 to 2000". Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory. Retrieved 2008-12-23.
- Typhoon Ophelia Record: Had a 5000 mi traveling