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List of tallest domes

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Saint peter basilica 2.jpg
Under the dome of Saint Peter's Basilica - the highest maximum internal height including lantern (118 m) of any domed structure in the world.

This is a list of the tallest domes in the world. The dome can be measured by various criteria. There are different types of domes. Many of the tallest domes have a lantern. Strictly speaking, the lantern is not part of the dome, but often the overall height of the domes includes the height of the lantern.

Priority is given to the internal height of the dome. The internal height is measured from the floor of the building to the highest point of the ceiling of the dome (for domes that have a lantern, this is the level of the oculus).

This is a dynamic list. Any dome that has a verified height can be added to this list.

List

[edit]
Name Image Dome height inner (without lantern) Max inner height Dome height outer (without lantern) Outer height (without cross/mast/statue) Max outer height (to the tip) Dome Diameter (inner) Dome Diameter (outer) Location Country Notes
Basilica of Our Lady of Peace ~111 m ~111 m ~119 m 149 m [1] 157.89 m [1] 90 m Yamoussoukro  Ivory Coast
People's Salvation Cathedral 106 m [2][3] 106 m [2][3] 121.1 m 127.1 m [4] 135 m [4] 16.8 m 29.4 m Bucharest  Romania The tallest unpenetrated (without oculus) dome in the world. The tallest and largest (by volume) Orthodox church building in the world.
St Peter's Basilica 101.8 m [5] 117.57 m [6] ~110 m ~129 m 136.57 m [7][8] 41.5 m 42 m Vatican City (city-state)  Vatican City The largest church building in the world.
Highest maximum internal height of any church (from the floor to the ceiling of the lantern).
AT&T Stadium 91 m 91 m Arlington  United States
Florence Cathedral ~87 m ~103 m ~90 m [9][10][11] ~110 m 114.5 m [11] 42 m Florence  Italy
Avicii Arena ~85 m [12] ~85 m ~85 m ~85 m 85 m [12] 110 m Stockholm  Sweden Largest Spherical Building in the World.[12]
Palace of Justice of Brussels ~82 m ~82 m ~100 m ~106 m 108 m [13] Brussels  Belgium
Basilica of Our Lady of Lichen 85 m 90.5 m [14] 103.5 m
141.5 m [14]
(observation tower) 		Lichen Stary  Poland
National Stadium, Singapore 80 m [15] 80 m 82.5 m [15] 82.5 m 82.5 m [15] Kallang  Singapore The largest dome by diameter (310 m) in the world.
Sultan Salahuddin Abdul Aziz Mosque 106.7 m 51.2 m Shah Alam  Malaysia Diameter (outer) of 51.2 m.
Caesars Superdome 77.1 m 77.1 m New Orleans  United States Diameter of 207.3 m
Temple of Vedic Planetarium [hi] 84.72 m [16] 101 m [16] 118 m [17] 54 m [18] ~58 m Mayapur  India
National Basilica of the Sacred Heart ~80 m ~89 m 92.90 m [19] 33 m Brussels  Belgium Largest Art Deco church in the world.
Berlin Cathedral ~74 m [20][21] ~74 m ~77 m ~84 m 98 m [22] Berlin  Germany
Mole Antonelliana ~72 m ~72 m ~82 m ~164 m 167.5 m [23] Turin  Italy World's third tallest structure at the time of completion (April 10, 1889).
The maximum inner height does not take into account the space inside the lantern ("Tempietto") because it was transformed into an elevator shaft in 1964.
Basilica of Notre-Dame de Boulogne 85 m [24] 101 m [25][24] ~21 m Boulogne-Sur-Mer  France
Esztergom Basilica 71.5 m 71.5 m 100 m 33.5 m Esztergom  Hungary Second tallest unpenetrated (without oculus) church dome in the world. The tallest building (of any kind) in Hungary. The largest church building in Hungary.
Cathedral of Christ the Saviour 69.5 m [26] 69.5 m 91.5 m [26] 91.5 m 103.4 m [26] 29.8 m Moscow  Russia Third tallest unpenetrated (without oculus) church dome in the world. Second tallest Orthodox dome in the world.
Saint Isaac's Cathedral 69 m [α][27]

~82 m [β][28]

92.73 m [28] ~84 m [28] ~96 m [28] 101.5 m [27] 25.8 Saint Petersburg  Russia Third tallest Orthodox dome in the world.
Illinois State Capitol ~67 m ~67 m ~96 m 110.03 m [29] 123.45 m [29] Springfield, Illinois  United States
Çamlıca Mosque 72 m [30] 72 m 79.77 m [30] 34 m Istanbul  Turkey
Smolny Convent ~65 m ~74 m ~67 m ~82 m 93.70 m [31] Saint Petersburg  Russia
St Paul's Cathedral 64.95 m [α][32]

81.53 m [β][32]

81.53 m 84 m [32] 102 m [32] 111 m 30.7 m London  United Kingdom First triple-shell structure with an intermediate cone supporting lantern and outer dome.[33]
Church of Saint Sava 64.85 m 64.85 m 68.5 m [34] 68.5 m 79 m [34] 30.16 m 35.16 m Belgrade  Serbia Second largest (by diameter) dome of the Orthodox Christianity (first by size among the active Orthodox church buildings). Fifth tallest Orthodox dome in the world. Fourth tallest unpenetrated (without oculus) church dome in the world.
New Cathedral 64.2 m ~66 m ~75 m 80 m [35] Brescia  Italy The third tallest dome in Italy.
Milan Cathedral ~64 m ~73 m (no outer dome) 104.34 [36] 108.50 [37] Milan  Italy
Great Mosque of Algiers ~64 m ~64 m 72 m [38] 72 m 78.5 m [39]
265 m (minaret) [38] 		Algiers  Algeria
Main Cathedral of the Russian Armed Forces 95 m [40] Odintsovski District  Russia The fourth tallest church building in Russia.
Basilica of Our Lady of Itatí [es] ~67 m 75.5 m [41] 83 m [41] Itatí  Argentina
Texas State Capitol ~63 m [α]
66.45 m [β][42] 		66.45 m ~73 m 87.37 m [43] 92.24 m [44] Austin  United States
Astrodome 63 m 63 m Houston  United States
Pavia Cathedral ~63 m 80 m [45] ~70 m ~92 m 97 m [46] Pavia  Italy
New Cathedral of Salamanca ~63 m ~63 m ~67 m ~74 m 80 m [47]
~93 m (tower) 		Salamanca  Spain
Kazan Cathedral 62 m 62 m 71.6 m [48] Saint Petersburg  Russia
Basilica of Sant'Andrea ~61 m ~71 m ~63 m ~75 m 80 m [49] Mantua  Italy
São Paulo Cathedral ~67 m ~75 m ~79 m
92 m (towers) [50] 		São Paulo  Brazil
Cathedral of La Plata (no outer dome) ~93 m 97 m [51]
111.70 m (towers) [51][52] 		La Plata  Argentina
Saint Joseph's Oratory 60 m [53] 60 m ~83 m ~95 m ~102 m Montreal  Canada
Panthéon (Paris) ~60 m [α]
69.5 m [β] 		69.5 m ~75 m ~88 m 94 m [54] 44 m Paris  France
Pennsylvania State Capitol Pennsylvania State Capitol dome roof interior (4789).jpg ~60 m ~68 m ~67 m 77.38 m 83 m Harrisburg  United States
Istiqlal Mosque 60 m 60 m 45 m Jakarta  Indonesia Diameter (outer) of 45 m.
Basilica of El Escorial ~59 m ~70 m ~66 m ~85 m 92 m [55] San Lorenzo de El Escorial  Spain
Sant'Andrea della Valle ~60 m ~68 m 71.76 m (from the floor) [56] 16.61 m [56] ~20 m Rome  Italy Third tallest church building in Rome.
Sanctuary of Vicoforte 60 m [57] 75 m [57] 36 m Vicoforte  Italy The largest elliptical church dome in the world. 36 m X 25 m
Wisconsin State Capitol 56.16 m [α][58]
~60 m [β] 		~60 m ~71 m 81.99 m [59] 86.69 m [59] Madison  United States
Saint-Augustin 61 m 80 m Paris  France
Sanctuary of Oropa - Upper Basilica 60 m [60] ~74 m 80 m [61] Biella  Italy
Salzburg Cathedral ~56 m ~66 m ~59 m ~72 m 75 m [62]
79 m (towers)[62][63] 		Salzburg  Austria
Como Cathedral ~56 m ~66 m ~57 m ~68 m 75 m [64] Como  Italy
Hagia Sophia 55.6 m [65] 55.6 m ~57 m ~57 m ~63 m 31.87 m Istanbul  Turkey Not a true circle dome, but more like elliptic. 30.37 m X 31.87 m
Theatine Church 70.20 m Munich  Germany
Dôme des Invalides ~55 m [α][66]
63.09 m [β][66] 		63.09 m ~73 m ~87 m 107 m [67] Paris  France First Western dome to include three concentric shells.[68]
Basilica of the Sacred Heart of Paris 55 m [69] 55 m ~65 m ~79 m 83 m [69]
84 m (bell tower) [70] 		Paris  France
Basilica of Santi Pietro e Paolo ~61 m ~74 m ~80 m Rome  Italy
West Virginia State Capitol 54.86 m [71] 54.86 m ~71 m ~82 m 89.00 m [71] Charleston  United States
Colorado State Capitol 54.86 m [α][72]
~56 m [β] 		~56 m ~67 m ~74 m 76.20 m [73] Denver  United States
Mary, Queen of the World Cathedral 76.8 m Montreal  Canada
Cathedral of Saint Paul (Minnesota) 53.34 m [74] 53.34 m ~67 m ~82 m 93.42 m [74] Saint Paul  United States
Church of Santa Engracia 80 m [75] Lisbon  Portugal
Cerignola Cathedral [it]
(Duomo Tonti) 		Duomo Tonti 04.jpg ~61 m 75.75 m
(from the floor; from the ground is more) 		78.75 m
(from the floor; from the ground is more) 		Cerignola  Italy
French Cathedral ~59 m ~59 m 70 m [76] Berlin  Germany
Neue Kirche ~59 m ~59 m 70 m [76] Berlin  Germany
Cathedral-Basilica of Our Lady of the Pillar ~57 m ~70 m 80 m [77]
92 m (towers) [77] 		Zaragoza  Spain
Fatih Mosque 53 m 53 m 53 m 26 m 27.5 m Istanbul  Turkey
Cathedral-Basilica of the National Shrine of Our Lady Aparecida 52.86 m [78] 52.86 m 70 m

109 m (clock tower)

Aparecida  Brazil The largest cathedral (church with seat of a bishop) and second largest church building in the world.
Missouri State Capitol 52.12 m [79] 52.12 m [79] ~67 m ~76 m 79.25 m [79] ~24 m Jefferson City, Missouri  United States
Timisoara Orthodox Cathedral 52 m [80] 52 m (no outer dome) 76 m [80] 83 m [80] Timisoara  Romania The second tallest church building in Romania.
Kronstadt Naval Cathedral 52 m 52 m 70.5 m Kronstadt  Russia
Cappella dei Principi ~52 m ~56 m ~59 m 61.80 m [81] ~67 m Florence  Italy
Novocherkassk Cathedral 51.2 m 51.2 m 74.7 m Novocherkassk  Russia
St. Stephen's Basilica ~51 m ~51 m ~75 m ~89 m 96 m [82] Budapest  Hungary
Kansas State Capitol ~51 m ~51 m ~73 m 86.51 m [83] 93.27 m [84] Topeka  United States
Trinity Cathedral ~51 m ~51 m ~64 m ~74 m 80 m Saint Petersburg  Russia
Basilica of Superga ~51 m ~63 m ~59 m ~70 m 75 m [85] Turin  Italy
Santissima Annunziata Maggiore ~58 m 67 m [86] ~71 m Naples  Italy
Süleymaniye Mosque ~51 m ~51 m 53 m 53 m ~59 m
76 m (minarets) 		26 m 27 m Istanbul  Turkey
Pisa Baptistery 54.86 m Pisa  Italy
Washington State Capitol 50.29 m [87] 50.29 m ~72 m ~86 m 87.48 m [87] 29 m Olympia  United States Tallest free-standing masonry dome in North America.
Utah State Capitol 50.29 m [88] 50.29 m ~66 m ~74.5 m 76.20 m Salt Lake City  United States
Basilica of San Gaudenzio ~50 m [α]
~84 m [β] 		~84 m ~85 m 121 m [89] 126 m [89] Novara  Italy
San Francisco City Hall ~50 m [α]
55.93 m [β][90] 		55.93 m ~70 m ~83 m 93.73 m [91] San Francisco  United States
El Capitolio 91.73 m Havana  Cuba
Basilica of Sainte-Thérèse (Lisieux) 50 m 50 m 88.3 m 90 m [92] Lisieux  France
St. Nicholas Church ~50 m ~63 m ~72 m 77 m [93] Potsdam  Germany
Georgia State Capitol 50 m [94] 50 m 60 m [94] 71.27 m [94] 79.12 m [94] 15 m [95] 19 m [95] Atlanta  United States
Basilica on the Holy Mountain 50 m 60 m 17 m Głogówko  Poland
Rhode Island State House 49.99 m [96] ~60 m 67.36 m [97] 71.63 m [97][98] ~15 m Providence  United States
Rotunda of Xewkija ~54 m 72.24 m [99] 74.68 m [99] 24.99 m [99] 27.43 m [99] Xewkija  Malta
Basilica of the National Shrine of the Immaculate Conception 48.46 m [100] 48.46 m ~63 m [100] ~70 m [100] ~76 m [100] Washington, DC  United States
Sabancı Central Mosque 54 m [101] 54 m 32 m Adana  Turkey
St. Nicholas Church (Malá Strana) 57 m [102] ~62 m ~72 m 79 m [102] Prague  Czech Republic
Iowa State Capitol 46.69 m [α][103]
53.47 m [β][103] 		53.47 m ~65 m 75.90 m[103] 83.82 m[103] Des Moines  United States
Speyer Cathedral 46.40 m [104] 46.40 m 58 m [104] 58 m Speyer  Germany World's largest Romanesque church.
Almudena Cathedral ~54 m ~67 m 73 m [105] Madrid  Spain
Royal Chapel of the Treasure of St. Januarius ~46 m ~46 m ~51 m ~57 m ~60 m [106] Naples  Italy
Peterskirche (Vienna) ~46 m 56.8 m [107] ~48 m ~57.5 m ~59 m Vienna  Austria
San Francesco di Paola ~46 m 53 m [108] Naples  Italy
United States Capitol dome ~45.4 m [α][109]
54.94 m [β][109] 		54.94 m [109] 65.11 m [110] 81.72 m [110] 87.62 m [110] Washington, D.C.  United States
Annunciation Cathedral 59 m [111] 80 m (bell tower) [111] Kharkiv  Ukraine
Church of St. Casimir 55.6 m 58 m[112] Vilnius  Lithuania
Kocatepe Mosque 44.85 m 44.85 m 44.85 m 88 m (minarets) Ankara  Turkey
Pisa Cathedral ~44.7 m ~44.7 m ~46 m ~46 m 51.3 m Pisa  Italy
Palau Nacional ~44 m [113] ~44 m ~60 m ~69 m ~76 m Barcelona  Spain
Cathedral Basilica of Saint Louis 44 m 69 m St. Louis  United States
Cathedral Basilica of Saints Peter and Paul 47.75 m [114] 58.32 m [114] 63.7 m [114] Philadelphia  United States
Madonna dell'Umiltà 59 m [115] Pistoia  Italy
Pantheon 43.44 m [116] 43.44 m 45.60 m [117] 45.60 m [117] 45.60 m [117] Rome  Italy
Oudenbosch Basilica Oudenbosch Basilica P1080298.jpg 51 m 63 m [118] Oudenbosch  Netherlands
Holy Trinity Cathedral (Arad) Arad Orthodoxe Kathedrale 4017.jpg 50.7 m 50.7 m 58 m Arad  Romania
Selimiye Mosque 43 m 43 m 43 m 83 m (minarets) 31.2 m Edirne  Turkey
Centennial Hall 42 m 42 m 69 m Wroclaw  Poland Concrete dome with diameter of 69 m.
Desert Dome 41.75 m[119] 41.75 m 70.1 m Omaha, Nebraska  United States The dome contains the largest indoor desert and is the largest geodesic glazed dome in the world.[120]
Sultan Ahmed Mosque (Blue Mosque) 43 m 43 m 23.5 m 24.5 m Istanbul  Turkey
Buenos Aires Metropolitan Cathedral 41 m Buenos Aires  Argentina
Royal Albert Hall ~41 m [121] ~41 m [121] ~45 m [121] ~48 m [121] ~48 m [121] 66.7 m 82.9 m London  United Kingdom
Basilica of San Francisco el Grande 58 m [122] ~72 m 33 m Madrid  Spain The largest church dome in Spain and one of the largest by diameter (33 m) in Christendom.
Karlskirche 40 m [123] 70 m Vienna  Austria
Alexander Nevsky Cathedral 40 m [124] 40 m 46.3 m 46.3 m

(50.52 m [125]bell tower)

48.8m
(2.5 m cross) 		18 m Sofia  Bulgaria The largest cathedral in the Balkans.[126]
Worms Cathedral 40 m [127] 40 m Worms  Germany
Hazrat Sultan Mosque 51 m Nur-Sultan  Kazakhstan The largest domed mosque in Kazakhstan.
Ananta Samakhom Throne Hall ~40 m 49.5 m Bangkok  Thailand
West Baden Springs Hotel 39.62 m [128] 39.62 m 59.4 m West Baden Springs  United States Steel and glass dome with diameter of 59.44 m.[128]
St. Charles Borromeo Cemetery Church 39 m [129] 39 m 58.5 m [129] Vienna  Austria
Notre-Dame-du-Cap Basilica 38 m 78.64 m Trois-Rivieres  Canada
State Farm Center 38 m 38 m 120 m Champaign  United States Concrete dome with diameter of 120 m
Duomo of Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto ~38 m Barcellona Pozzo di Gotto  Italy
Transfiguration Cathedral (Odesa) 43.59 m [130] 43.59 m 50.90 m [130]
77.11 m (belfry) 		Odesa  Ukraine
Church of the Sacred Heart of Jesus 44 m Vilnius  Lithuania
Palace of the Argentine National Congress ~74 m 80 m
(up to the chimerical figures on the crown) 		~95 m Buenos Aires  Argentina
Dresden Frauenkirche 36.65 m [α][131]

~60 m [β]

~67 m ~62 m ~87 m 91.23 m [131] Dresden  Germany
Our Lady of Victory Basilica 36.5 m [132] 36.5 m 50.3 m [133] Lackawanna  United States
Saint-Pierre-le-Jeune Catholic Church Église catholique Saint-Pierre-le-Jeune @ Strasbourg (45544777092).jpg ~36 m ~36 m 18.5 Strasbourg  France Dome diameter (inner) of 18.5 m.
Saint Blaise Abbey 36 m [134] 36 m [134] 50 m [134] 63 m [135] 36 m St. Blasien  Germany The largest dome by diameter (36 m) north of the Alps.
Church of St. Peter and St. Paul 35 m 40 m Vilnius  Lithuania
Basilica of St. Josaphat 61 m [136] Milwaukee  United States
Victoria Memorial (Kolkata) 56 m Kolkata  India
Gol Gumbaz 51 m Vijayapura  India
San Lorenzo 50 m [115] Turin  Italy
New Mosque 36 m 36 m 17.5 m Istanbul  Turkey
Shehzade Mosque 37 m 37 m 38 m 19 m Istanbul  Turkey
St. Gereon's Basilica 34.55 m 34.55 m (no outer dome) ~46 m ~49 m Cologne  Germany
Nebraska State Capitol
34.14 m [137]
(Rotunda dome)

21.34 m [138]
(Memorial Chamber dome) 		34.14 m [137] 110.03 m [139] 110.03 m [139] 121.92 m [139] ~14 m Lincoln  United States
Bojangles' Coliseum 34.14 m 34.14 m 101 m Charlotte  United States Tin dome with diameter of 101 m.
Siena Cathedral 48 m
77 m (bell tower) 		Siena  Italy
Federal Palace of Switzerland 33 m [140] 33 m ~55 m ~61 m 64 m [141] Bern   Switzerland
The First Church of Christ, Scientist ~33 m [142] ~54 m 68 m [142] Boston  United States
St Demetrius Cathedral [de; it] 33 m [143] 33 m ~39 m ~39 m ~45 m Vidin  Bulgaria The third tallest church dome in the Balkans. The second largest church building in Bulgaria.[143]
Florence Baptistery 40 m [144] Florence  Italy
Church of Our Lady of the Sign 32.2 m 32.2 m Vilnius  Lithuania
Indiana Statehouse 32.00 m [145] 32.00 m [145] ~61 m 71.63 m [145] ~84 m 21.95 m [145] Indianapolis  United States
Szeged Synagogue 32 m 32 m 48.6 m Szeged  Hungary The second largest synagogue in Hungary and the fourth largest in the world.
Liverpool Town Hall 32 m Liverpool  United Kingdom
Port of Liverpool Building ~58 m ~65 m 67.06 m [146] ~15 m Liverpool  United Kingdom
Belgrade Fair - Hall 1 30.78 m 30.78 m 109 m Belgrade  Serbia The largest by diameter (109 m) dome in Europe. World's largest prestressed concrete dome.
New Town Hall (Hanover) ~30 m ~30 m ~71 m ~88 m 97.73 m [147] Hanover  Germany
Nusretiye Mosque Central dome interior of Nusretiye Mosque.jpg 29 m 29 m Istanbul  Turkey
Green Dome 27.85 m 27.85 m 27 m

originally 30.2 m

27 m

originally 30.2

33.2 m Medina  Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
Tempio Canoviano 27.82 m Possagno  Italy
Church of San Manuel y San Benito ~27.5 m ~32 m ~29 m ~36 m ~39 m
43 m (tower) 		Madrid  Spain
Hungarian Parliament Building 27 m [148]
~31 m (space below the outer dome) 		27 m ~73 m ~89 m 96 m [148] Budapest  Hungary
Golghar 29 m [149] ~32 m Patna  India
Taj Mahal ~25 m
~27 m (space below the outer dome) 		~25 m ~64 m ~64 m 73 m [150] 17.6 m Agra  India
Christuskirche ~62 m ~74 m 80 m [151] Mainz  Germany
Holy Trinity Cathedral (Sibiu) 24.7 m [152] 24.7 m 34.7 m [152] 34.7 m 36.7 m [152]
45 m (towers) 		Sibiu  Romania
Subotica Synagogue 23 m[153] 40 m[153] 12.6 m[153] Subotica  Serbia
Novi Sad Synagogue 40 m
27 m(spire domes)[154] 		12m[154] Novi Sad  Serbia
Basilica of St. Adalbert 46 m Grand Rapids  United States
Church of Holy Transfiguration, Pančevo [sr] 28.4 m[155] 33.3 m[155] 34.7 m
48.3 m (tower dome)[155] 		10.4 m[155] Pančevo  Serbia
Natural History Museum 65 m 69 m Vienna  Austria
α Height up to eye of the lower inner dome
β Height up to the upper dome ceiling (excl. lantern)

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ a b "Basilica of Our Lady of Peace Yamoussoukro". EMPORIS GMBH. Archived from the original on May 30, 2015. Retrieved 29 June 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  2. ^ a b Sorin, Ionițe (2024-03-24). "(quoted): The most recent image achieved at the National Cathedral is the representation of Christ Pantocrator. "And maybe the most beautiful", appreciated the Patriarch. This icon was placed inside the tallest tower to 106 meters height" (in Romanian). Basilica.ro (News Agency of the Romanian Patriarchate).
  3. ^ a b Emilian, Apostolescu (2024-02-08). "(quoted): The icon of the Savior Jesus Christ "Pantocrator", was transported on fragments to quota +106 meters, (...) at the highest point of the place of worship". www.ziarullumina.ro (in Romanian). Ziarul Lumina (Patriarchy newspaper).
  4. ^ a b Catinca, Irimia (2021-03-01). "Once the Cross is installed on the dome, the Cathedral will be 135 meters high, for which the builders already have the approval of the Aviation Authority" (in Romanian). B365.ro.
  5. ^ Sir Banister Fletcher; A History of Architecture on the Comparative Method; Capitol: Plans of Saint Peter's Basilica, History of Architecture, pg.722 with the title: Italian Renaissance; New York:Charles Scribner's Sons, 1946; ISBN 0750622679.
  6. ^ "St. Peter's - The Central Nave". stpetersbasilica.info. Retrieved 2020-07-26.
  7. ^ "St. Peter's - Guide to Basilica & Square". stpetersbasilica.info. Retrieved 2020-06-27.
  8. ^ "St. Peter's Basilica - Dome" (in Italian). Vatican City State. Retrieved 28 June 2020.
  9. ^ "The Cathedral – Inside – Il Duomo di Firenze". Retrieved 2020-06-27.
  10. ^ "DISCOVER CATHEDRAL". duomo.firenze.it. OPERA DI SANTA MARIA DEL FIORE. Retrieved 2 July 2020.
  11. ^ a b "Duomo Santa Maria del Fiore". Emporis.com. Emporis GmbH. Archived from the original on July 3, 2020. Retrieved 2 July 2020.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: unfit URL (link)
  12. ^ a b c "✅ Ericsson Globe Stadium - Data, Photos & Plans". WikiArquitectura. Retrieved 2023-01-30.
  13. ^ Vandenbreeden, Jos; Loits, André (2012). Het Justitiepaleis - Volume 31 of Brussel, stad van kunst en geschiedenis (in Dutch) (2 ed.). Belgium: Ministerie van het Brussels Hoofdstedelijk Gewest, directie Monumenten en Landschappen. pp. 21, 34. ISBN 9782930457772.
  14. ^ a b "Wielkości i symbole bazyliki". lichen.pl. Retrieved 2020-06-27.
  15. ^ a b c "Singapore Sports Hub | Infopedia". eresources.nlb.gov.sg. Retrieved 2020-07-20.
  16. ^ a b "Main Dome Kalash Under Preparation". ISKCON Mayapur (International Society for Krishna Consciousness). 2015-06-17. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  17. ^ "New TOVP Flagpole Installed". ISKCON Mayapur (International Society for Krishna Consciousness). 2022-07-10. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  18. ^ "ISKCON Mayapur: The Temple of the Millenium". Cross Section Media. 2023-09-08. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  19. ^ "Basilique Nationale du Sacre Coeur / Basiliek van Koekelberg". EMPORIS GMBH. Retrieved 16 July 2020.[dead link‍]
  20. ^ Lincke, Dietrich. "Berliner Dom" (in German). Berlin-Lese.de. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  21. ^ Pickhardt, Stephen. "Berliner Dom | Berlin's Cathedral | Free Tours by Foot". freetoursbyfoot.com. Retrieved 2020-06-27.
  22. ^ "ARCHITECTURE". berlinerdom.de. Berliner Dom Cathedral Council. Retrieved 12 July 2020.
  23. ^ Manzo, Luciana. "Esplorando tra le carte - La Mole Antonelliana" (PDF) (in Italian). MuseoTorino. Retrieved 13 July 2020.
  24. ^ a b Le Dome (Information plaque inside the church). Basilica of Notre-Dame de Boulogne, Boulogne-sur-Mer, FRA.
  25. ^ "Notre Dame Cathedral – The Boulogne Guide". 2015-10-25. Archived from the original on 2015-10-25. Retrieved 2020-06-27.
  26. ^ a b c "Основные размеры Храма Христа Спасителя". vidania.ru. Retrieved 2020-06-27.
  27. ^ a b "Архитектура". cathedral.ru (in Russian). Retrieved 2020-06-27.
  28. ^ a b c d Rostislav Gennadevich Arzhanikov - Ph.D., technical Director of Unix LLC. "Reconstruction of the heating system of St. Isaac's Cathedral" (PDF). zvt.abok.ru (in Russian). "Sustainable Building Technologies" SBT. Retrieved 4 July 2020.
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