List of raw materials used in button-making

Please see external links for images of buttons (front & back) made from the material(s) in question. ("NBS name" refers to labelling used by the National Button Society, USA.)

Natural materials

animal-derived

bone^[1]
horn^[1]
horsehair^[2]
ivory^[1]
leather^[1]
pearl
shell ^{(Images of buttons made from all the shell types listed below)}

seashells:

land shells:

emerald green snail shell

plant-derived

coconut shell^[1]
bamboo^[1]
gourd^[1]
gutta percha^[1]
Tagua Nut
natural, woven fabrics and/or textiles^[3]
linoleum^[4]^[5]
paper (e.g. papier mache)^[1]
rubber^[1]^[6]
vegetable ivory^[7]^[8]
wood^[9]

Rocks and minerals (or predominantly mineral-derived substances)

aluminium

brass^[15]

pot metal

sterling silver

steel^[16]

whiteware ceramics:[1]

earthenware^[17]

china^[18]^[19]

Synthetic materials

plastics

acrylic resin
bakelite^[20]
catalin (NBS name: phenolic or bakelite type)^[21]
celluloid^[22]^[23]^[24]
galalith, a.k.a. casein^[25] (NBS name: casein)^[20]
lucite
melamine formaldehyde (NBS name: amino resin)
phenolic resin (NBS name: phenolic or bakelite type)
urea-formaldehyde (NBS name: amino resin)

synthetic fibres

synthetic textiles

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Button Country (2010). "Other Materials (Section 15)". Georgia, USA: buttoncountry.com. Archived from the original on 5 June 2010. Retrieved 6 March 2010. (To view reverse of button, hover mouse over image.)
^ Luscomb, Sally C. (2003). The Collector's Encyclopedia of Buttons, p.100. Atglen, PA: Schiffer. p. 242. ISBN 0-7643-1815-2. LCCN 2003101645.
^ "Fabric1". Archived from the original on 2010-06-05. Retrieved 2010-03-07.
^ Luscomb, Sally C. (2003). The Collector's Encyclopedia of Buttons, p.122. Atglen, PA: Schiffer. p. 242. ISBN 0-7643-1815-2. LCCN 2003101645.
^ Gorski, Jill (2009-07-16). "Goodyear rubber buttons". Bead & button magazine. USA: Kalmbach. Retrieved 12 March 2010.
^ Luscomb, Sally C. (2003). The Collector's Encyclopedia of Buttons, pp.170-171. Atglen, PA: Schiffer. p. 242. ISBN 0-7643-1815-2. LCCN 2003101645.
^ Luscomb, Sally C. (2003). The Collector's Encyclopedia of Buttons, p.209-211. Atglen, PA: Schiffer. p. 242. ISBN 0-7643-1815-2. LCCN 2003101645.
^ "Vegetable Ivory". Archived from the original on 2010-06-05. Retrieved 2010-03-07.
^ "Wood". Archived from the original on 2010-06-05. Retrieved 2010-03-07.
^ Luscomb, Sally C. (2003). The Collector's Encyclopedia of Buttons, p.42-43. Atglen, PA: Schiffer. p. 242. ISBN 0-7643-1815-2. LCCN 2003101645.
^ "Enamel". Archived from the original on 2010-06-05. Retrieved 2010-03-07.
^ "Black Glass". Archived from the original on 2010-06-05. Retrieved 2010-03-07.
^ "Clear/Colored Glass". Archived from the original on 2010-06-05. Retrieved 2010-03-07.
^ "Metals". Archived from the original on 2010-10-11. Retrieved 2010-03-07.
^ "Back Mark Types". Archived from the original on 2010-03-25. Retrieved 2010-03-07.
^ http://www.ohiobuttons.org/WinningTrays/2009_Winners/Trays/Tray16.jpg ^{[bare URL image file]}
^ Victoria, Albert museum. "Tin-glazed earthenware livery-button, ca 1651". V&A Jewellery collection. London, UK: V&A Images. Retrieved 10 March 2010.
^ "China". Archived from the original on 2010-06-05. Retrieved 2010-03-07.
^ "The China Button Exchange".
^ ^a ^b Button Country (2010). "Synthetic Polymers (Section 12)". Georgia, USA: buttoncountry.com. Archived from the original on 4 June 2010. Retrieved 6 March 2010. (To view reverse of button, hover mouse over image.)
^ Howells, Jocelyn; Joan MacFarlane (n.d.). National Button Society Section 9-A Synthetic Polymers Handbook. Nikki Deal. USA: National Button Society (USA). p. 40.
^ "Celluloids". Archived from the original on 2010-06-05. Retrieved 2010-03-07.
^ "Celluloid Buttons > Button Club > Ottawa Valley Button Club Articles". Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2010-03-07.
^ "The History and Properties of Celluloid > Button Club > Ottawa Valley Button Club Articles". Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2010-03-07.
^ Morrell, George (2010). "1935 - Making Casein Buttons". Sampling One Hundred Years of Button Patents. Georgia, USA: Peach State Button Club. Archived from the original on 12 October 2010. Retrieved 12 March 2010.

Bibliography

Luscomb, Sally C. (2003). The Collector's Encyclopedia of Buttons. Atglen, PA: Schiffer. p. 242. ISBN 0-7643-1815-2. LCCN 2003101645.
Osborne, Peggy A. (1997). Button, button : identification and price guide. Atglen, PA: Schiffer. p. 167. ISBN 0-7643-0082-2. LCCN 92063104.
Peacock, Primrose (1978). Discovering old buttons. Discovering series ; no. 213. Rosemary Godsell (illus.). Aylesbury, UK: Shire Publications. pp. 76. ISBN 0-85263-445-5.
Wisniewski, Debra J. (1997). Antique & collectible buttons : identification & values. Charley Lynch. Paducah, KY: Collector Books. p. 168. ISBN 0-89145-711-9. LCCN 97122120.

[Button_Country_'other_materials'-1] ^ ^a ^b ^c ^d ^e ^f ^g ^h ⁱ ^j ^k ^l Button Country (2010). "Other Materials (Section 15)". Georgia, USA: buttoncountry.com. Archived from the original on 5 June 2010. Retrieved 6 March 2010. (To view reverse of button, hover mouse over image.)

[2] Luscomb, Sally C. (2003). The Collector's Encyclopedia of Buttons, p.100. Atglen, PA: Schiffer. p. 242. ISBN 0-7643-1815-2. LCCN 2003101645.

[3] "Fabric1". Archived from the original on 2010-06-05. Retrieved 2010-03-07.

[4] Luscomb, Sally C. (2003). The Collector's Encyclopedia of Buttons, p.122. Atglen, PA: Schiffer. p. 242. ISBN 0-7643-1815-2. LCCN 2003101645.

[NBS_rubber_button_article_at_Bead_&_button-5] Gorski, Jill (2009-07-16). "Goodyear rubber buttons". Bead & button magazine. USA: Kalmbach. Retrieved 12 March 2010.

[6] Luscomb, Sally C. (2003). The Collector's Encyclopedia of Buttons, pp.170-171. Atglen, PA: Schiffer. p. 242. ISBN 0-7643-1815-2. LCCN 2003101645.

[7] Luscomb, Sally C. (2003). The Collector's Encyclopedia of Buttons, p.209-211. Atglen, PA: Schiffer. p. 242. ISBN 0-7643-1815-2. LCCN 2003101645.

[8] "Vegetable Ivory". Archived from the original on 2010-06-05. Retrieved 2010-03-07.

[9] "Wood". Archived from the original on 2010-06-05. Retrieved 2010-03-07.

[10] Luscomb, Sally C. (2003). The Collector's Encyclopedia of Buttons, p.42-43. Atglen, PA: Schiffer. p. 242. ISBN 0-7643-1815-2. LCCN 2003101645.

[11] "Enamel". Archived from the original on 2010-06-05. Retrieved 2010-03-07.

[12] "Black Glass". Archived from the original on 2010-06-05. Retrieved 2010-03-07.

[13] "Clear/Colored Glass". Archived from the original on 2010-06-05. Retrieved 2010-03-07.

[14] "Metals". Archived from the original on 2010-10-11. Retrieved 2010-03-07.

[15] "Back Mark Types". Archived from the original on 2010-03-25. Retrieved 2010-03-07.

[16] ttp://www.ohiobuttons.org/WinningTrays/2009_Winners/Trays/Tray16.jpg ^{[bare URL image file]}

[Tin-glazed_earthenware_livery-button,_ca_1651-17] Victoria, Albert museum. "Tin-glazed earthenware livery-button, ca 1651". V&A Jewellery collection. London, UK: V&A Images. Retrieved 10 March 2010.

[18] "China". Archived from the original on 2010-06-05. Retrieved 2010-03-07.

[19] "The China Button Exchange".

[Button_Country_Synthetic_Polymers-20] Button Country (2010). "Synthetic Polymers (Section 12)". Georgia, USA: buttoncountry.com. Archived from the original on 4 June 2010. Retrieved 6 March 2010. (To view reverse of button, hover mouse over image.)

[NBS_(USA)_Synthetic_Polymers_Handbook-21] Howells, Jocelyn; Joan MacFarlane (n.d.). National Button Society Section 9-A Synthetic Polymers Handbook. Nikki Deal. USA: National Button Society (USA). p. 40.

[22] "Celluloids". Archived from the original on 2010-06-05. Retrieved 2010-03-07.

[23] "Celluloid Buttons > Button Club > Ottawa Valley Button Club Articles". Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2010-03-07.

[24] "The History and Properties of Celluloid > Button Club > Ottawa Valley Button Club Articles". Archived from the original on 2011-07-06. Retrieved 2010-03-07.

[1935_US_casein_button-making_patent-25] Morrell, George (2010). "1935 - Making Casein Buttons". Sampling One Hundred Years of Button Patents. Georgia, USA: Peach State Button Club. Archived from the original on 12 October 2010. Retrieved 12 March 2010.

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Natural materials

animal-derived

plant-derived

Rocks and minerals (or predominantly mineral-derived substances)

Synthetic materials

plastics

synthetic fibres

See also

References

Bibliography