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This article lists notable open letters that were initiated by scientists or other academics or have a substantial share of academic signees.

Open letters that are not open for signing by other academics or the public in general and have not received both a large number of signatures – in specific no less than 10 before 2000 and no less than 40 after 2010 – and substantial media attention are not included, nor are petitions. With the advent of the Internet and World Wide Web, such open letters may have become far more frequent.

Open letters targeting or defending individual academics or small groups of scholars[1][2] as well as letters calling for retractions of specific studies are not included.

Name Year Signatures Scope / topic Demands Organized by Demand achieved Criticized
Elsevier: NeuroImage transition - all editors have resigned over the high publication fee, and are starting a new non-profit journal, Imaging Neuroscience[3][4][5][6][7] 2023 42 academics Global All editors at NeuroImage and NeuroImage: Reports resigned because they oppose the large fee ($3450) that the journal owner, publishing giant Elsevier, charges authors to make their scientific papers open access (OA). As Elsevier refused to reduce the fee, they launch a new OA journal Imaging Neuroscience hosted by the non-profit publisher MIT Press.[8] They commit to make the new journal replace their abandoned one as "the top journal in [their] field" and hope they demonstrate "the way forward in non-profit publishing".[9][8] (Group action of full editors-team) DA No
Pause Giant AI Experiments: An Open Letter[10][11][12][13] 2023 >1,000 incl. prominent figures in software & tech and risk researchers Global "AI labs to immediately pause for at least 6 months the training of AI systems more powerful than GPT-4" due to "profound risks to society and humanity".[14] Future of Life Institute Yes[15][16][17][18]
Open Letter to the European Commission on the Cyber Resilience Act[19][20] 2023 Many open source software organizations incl. OSI and TDF European Union / Global Changes to the proposed Cyber Resilience Act due to "unnecessary economic and technological risk to the EU" and improving engagement with the under-represented open source software community as "more than 70% of the software in Europe [open source/FOSS] is about to be regulated without an in-depth consultation" and potential chilling effects of OSS development. The Eclipse Foundation
An open letter regarding research on reflecting sunlight to reduce the risks of climate change[21] 2023 >110 academics Global Acceleration of research on "atmospheric aerosols and their potential to increase the reflection of sunlight from the atmosphere to address climate risk". Yes
Open Letter calling for an International Non-Use Agreement on Solar Geoengineering[22][23] 2022 >380 academics Global "[I]mmediate political action from governments, the United Nations, and other actors to prevent the normalization of solar geoengineering as a climate policy option". 16 scholars[24] No Yes
Fossil Free Research Open Letter[25][26][27] 2022 >800 incl. Nobel laureates & IPCC authors Global Universities should stop accepting funding from fossil fuel companies to conduct climate research. Fossil Free Research[28] No
2022 open letter from Nobel laureates in support of Ukraine 2022 >200 Nobel laureates Russia, Ukraine Independence of the Ukrainian people and freedom of the Ukrainian state (in face of the 2022 Russian invasion of the country). Roald Hoffmann, Richard J. Roberts No
An open letter of Russian scientists and science journalists against the war in Ukraine[29][30][31] 2022 >8,000 academics and science journalists of Russia Russia, Ukraine Condemnation of the war against Ukraine with "responsibility for unleashing a new war in Europe [lying] entirely with Russia".[32] NA
Montreal Declaration on Animal Exploitation[33] 2022 >500 academics (moral and political philosophy) Global "Insofar as it involves unnecessary violence and harm, [they] declare that animal exploitation is unjust and morally indefensible". NA Yes
Fulfil the NPT: From nuclear threats to human security 2022 >1,000 incl. many academics Global Four steps towards a nuclear-weapon-free world to take by the Tenth Review Conference of the Non-Proliferation Treaty in 2022. NoFirstUse Global
Statement by other Academics in support of Bill No. 28 of 2022[34] 2022 >100 academics Malta Passage of abortion law changes Bill No. 28 of 2022 as is.
Scientists to President Biden: Follow the Science, Stop Fossil Fuels[35] 2022 275 academics USA / Global Halting recent moves towards increasing fossil fuel production and instead take bold action to rapidly reduce fossil fuel extraction and infrastructure by President Biden. Scientists Bob Howarth, Mark Jacobson, Michael Mann, Sandra Steingraber, and Peter Kalmus No
Scientists & Experts Want Climate Action – An Open Letter to the White House[36] 2021 >1,500 academics incl. 5 senior/lead IPCC authors USA / Global "President Joe Biden and his administration to commit to reducing U.S. heat-trapping emissions by at least 50 percent below 2005 levels by 2030". Union of Concerned Scientists
It is essential to Remove Climate-Harming Logging and Fossil Fuel Provisions from Reconciliation and Infrastructure Bills[37][38] 2021 >100 academics USA / Global Removal of logging and fossil fuel provisions from reconciliation and infrastructure bills by President Biden and members of Congress.[39]
Scientists and Engineers Letter to President Biden on the Nuclear Posture Review[40][41] 2021 ~700 scientists and engineers incl. 21 Nobel laureates USA / Global President Biden to "use his forthcoming declaration of a new national strategy for managing nuclear weapons as a chance to cut the U.S. arsenal by a third, and to declare, for the first time, that the United States would never be the first to use nuclear weapons in a conflict".
An Open Letter from U.S. Scientists Imploring President Biden to End the Fossil Fuel Era[42] 2021 >330 academics USA / Global Biologist Dr. Sandra Steingraber, climate scientist Dr. Peter Kalmus, advocacy groups Center for Biological Diversity and Food & Water Watch
Stop attempts to criminalise nonviolent climate protest[46] 2021 >400 academics Global End of the criminalization of non-violent civil disobedience from direct action climate activist groups. Oscar Berglund, others
Academic Open Letter in Support of the TRIPS Intellectual Property Waiver Proposal[47] 2021 >100 academics (international intellectual property) Global A "temporary TRIPS waiver – as proposed by India and South Africa and supported by more than 100 countries – [as a] necessary and proportionate legal measure towards the clearing of existing intellectual property barriers to scaling up of production of COVID-19 health technologies in a direct, consistent and effective fashion". No
WTO must ban harmful fisheries subsidies[48][49][50] 2021 296 academics[51] Global WTO to eliminate increasing harmful fisheries subsidies.
It Is Time to Address Airborne Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)[52] 2020 >239 academics[53] Global WHO, medical community and relevant national and other international bodies to "recognize the potential for airborne spread" of COVID-19 by around the time of the letter. Lidia Morawska, Donald K Milton No
Call to stop "Chain of Killings"[54] 2020 >100 academics Philippine End to President Rodrigo Duterte's "bloody war on drugs" and the creation of a Truth Commission. No
A Letter on Justice and Open Debate 2020 153; mostly scholars and writers Global Condemnation of cancel culture and liberal intolerance and defending free speech, making an argument that hostility to free speech was becoming widespread on what could be described as "the political left" as well. Thomas Chatterton Williams, Robert Worth, George Packer, David Greenberg, Mark Lilla NA Yes[55][56]
A warning on climate and the risk of societal collapse[57] 2020 258 mostly academics Global Engagement with the risk of disruption and even collapse of societies due to climate change by policymakers. Gesa Weyhenmeyer, Will Steffen NA
We declare our support for Extinction Rebellion[58] 2019 >250 academics at Australian universities Global Declaration of support for Extinction Rebellion and sufficient change of Australian government's inaction on the climate crisis. It is based on a 2018 open letter. NA
School climate strike children's brave stand has our support[59] 2019 224 academics Global Declaration of support for School Strikes for Climate. NA
The EU needs a stability and wellbeing pact, not more growth[60][61] 2018 238 academics Global "Plan[ning]" for a post-growth future in which human and ecological wellbeing is prioritised over GDP by the European Union and its member states. Wellbeing Economy Alliance and others NA
An Open Letter from Scientists to President-Elect Trump on Climate Change[62] 2016 >800 academics (Earth science and energy) USA / Global Six steps of immediate and sustained action to take by Donald Trump against human-caused climate change. No
Science and the Public Interest – An Open Letter to President-Elect Trump and the 115th Congress[63] 2016 >2,000 academics USA / Global Sufficient funding of scientific research as well as "support[ing] and rely[ing] on science as a key input for crafting public policy" by the incoming administration. Union of Concerned Scientists No
Open Letter to Google From 80 Internet Scholars: Release RTBF Compliance Data[64] 2015 80 academics Global – Google More transparency of Google's right to be forgotten (RTBF) processes.
Open Letter on Artificial Intelligence 2015 >150 incl. Stephen Hawking, Elon Musk, and many AI experts Global
The letter highlights both the positive and negative effects of artificial intelligence.[65] According to Bloomberg Business, Professor Max Tegmark of MIT circulated the letter in order to find common ground between signatories who consider super intelligent AI a significant existential risk, and signatories such as Professor Oren Etzioni, who believe the AI field was being "impugned" by a one-sided media focus on the alleged risks.[66] The letter contends that:
[...] 		Future of Life Institute NA
An Open Letter From Internet Engineers to the U.S. Congress[67] 2011 83 prominent Internet inventors and engineers USA, Canada / Global Stoppage of SOPA and PIPA Internet blacklist bills.[68] Electronic Frontier Foundation Yes No
Open letter from ten Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences to the President 2007 10 members of the Russian Academy of Sciences Russia
The letter was intended to warn both the society and the government about the growing influence of the Russian Orthodox Church and its expansion into many fields of social life, particularly into the state education system, which is strictly prohibited under the Russian Constitution.
 No Yes[69]
Open letter to Gorbachev 1990 30 academics incl. Nobel laureates Russia Preventing privatisation of land itself, instead of a Georgist system of common ownership and the collection of public revenue through land-value taxation.

See also

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Policy
In the media and public awareness
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References

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  1. ^ ""Academic mobbing" undermines open inquiry and destroys the soul of universities". The Economist. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  2. ^ Carl, Noah (11 February 2021). "A List of Academic Petitions and Open Letters". Medium. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  3. ^ Sanderson, Katharine (21 April 2023). "Editors quit top neuroscience journal to protest against open-access charges". Nature. 616 (7958): 641. doi:10.1038/d41586-023-01391-5. PMID 37085706. S2CID 258275824.
  4. ^ "'It Feels Like Things Are Breaking Open': High Publishing Charges Spur Neuroscientists to Start Own Journal". The Chronicle of Higher Education. 22 April 2023. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
  5. ^ Mir, Rory (10 May 2023). "Science Rebels Take on Major Publishers". Electronic Frontier Foundation (in Simplified Chinese). Retrieved 20 May 2023.
  6. ^ Quinn, Ryan. "Exodus From an Elsevier Neuroscience Journal". Inside Higher Ed. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
  7. ^ "40 editors at a scientific journal just resigned in protest of their publisher's "greed"". Salon. 10 May 2023. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
  8. ^ a b "News at a glance: A new malaria vaccine, a Parkinson's test, and editors resign". Science. Retrieved 20 May 2023.
  9. ^ "Elsevier: NeuroImage transition - all editors have resigned over the high publication fee, and are starting a new non-profit journal, Imaging Neuroscience" (PDF). Retrieved 20 May 2023.
  10. ^ Metz, Cade; Schmidt, Gregory (2023-03-29). "Elon Musk and Others Call for Pause on A.I., Citing 'Profound Risks to Society'". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  11. ^ "Elon Musk among experts urging a halt to AI training". BBC News. 2023-03-29. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  12. ^ Kelly, Samantha Murphy (2023-03-29). "Elon Musk and other tech leaders call for pause in 'out of control' AI race | CNN Business". CNN. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  13. ^ Narayan, Jyoti; Hu, Krystal; Coulter, Martin; Mukherjee, Supantha; Hu, Krystal (2023-04-05). "Elon Musk and others urge AI pause, citing 'risks to society'". Reuters. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  14. ^ "Pause Giant AI Experiments: An Open Letter". Future of Life Institute. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  15. ^ Paul, Kari (2023-04-01). "Letter signed by Elon Musk demanding AI research pause sparks controversy". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2023-05-16. Among the research cited was "On the Dangers of Stochastic Parrots", a well-known paper co-authored by Margaret Mitchell, who previously oversaw ethical AI research at Google. Mitchell, now chief ethical scientist at AI firm Hugging Face, criticised the letter, telling Reuters it was unclear what counted as "more powerful than GPT4".
    "By treating a lot of questionable ideas as a given, the letter asserts a set of priorities and a narrative on AI that benefits the supporters of FLI," she said. "Ignoring active harms right now is a privilege that some of us don't have."
  16. ^ "Musk's AI letter is a 'hot mess' of hype, say critics". France 24. 2023-03-30. Retrieved 2023-05-16. But Timnit Gebru, whose academic paper was cited to support that claim, wrote on Twitter on Thursday that her article actually warns against making such inflated claims about AI.
    "They basically say the opposite of what we say and cite our paper," she wrote.
    Her co-author Emily Bender said the letter was a "hot mess" and was "just dripping with AI hype".
  17. ^ Goswami, Rohan (2023-04-14). "OpenAI CEO Sam Altman addresses letter from Musk and other tech leaders calling for A.I. pause". CNBC. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  18. ^ "News at a glance: Benin Bronze's source, a supermassive black hole, and Aboriginal knowledge". www.science.org. Retrieved 18 May 2023.
  19. ^ Sawers, Paul (18 April 2023). "In letter to EU, open source bodies say Cyber Resilience Act could have 'chilling effect' on software development". TechCrunch. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  20. ^ Vaughan-Nichols, Steven J. "EU attempts to secure software could hurt open source". www.theregister.com. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  21. ^ Milman, Oliver (2023-03-01). "Deflecting sun's rays to cool overheating Earth needs study, scientists say". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  22. ^ Milman, Oliver (2022-12-25). "Can geoengineering fix the climate? Hundreds of scientists say not so fast". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  23. ^ Bokat-Lindell, Spencer (2023-01-11). "Opinion | Should We Block the Sun to Counter Climate Change?". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  24. ^ "Signatories". Solar Geoengineering Non-Use Agreement. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  25. ^ Harvey, Fiona (21 March 2022). "Universities must reject fossil fuel cash for climate research, say academics". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  26. ^ Limb, Lottie (25 July 2022). "Cambridge University set to rename BP Institute - but is it enough?". euronews. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  27. ^ Tabuchi, Hiroko (16 August 2022). "Kicking oil companies out of school". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  28. ^ "Fossil Free Research". Fossil Free Research. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  29. ^ Fazackerley, Anna (2022-04-02). "'No hope for science in Russia': the academics trying to flee to the west". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  30. ^ "Russia-West scientific collaboration a casualty of Ukraine war". France 24. 26 March 2022. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  31. ^ Chawla, Dalmeet Singh (2022-05-27). "Russian Academics Aim to Punish Colleagues Who Backed Ukraine Invasion". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  32. ^ "Открытое письмо российских ученых и научных журналистов против войны с Украиной". Т-инвариант / T-invariant (in Russian). 24 February 2022. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  33. ^ "Four hundred philosophers declare animal exploitation 'unjust and morally indefensible'". Le Monde.fr. 6 October 2022.
  34. ^ "Over 100 academics support proposed changes to Malta's abortion laws". Times of Malta. 5 December 2022. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  35. ^ Schlosberg, Mark (2022-04-07). "Scientists to Biden: Don't Ramp Up Fossil Fuels". Food & Water Watch. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  36. ^ "UCS Delivers Letter to White House Signed by More Than 1,500 Scientists Urging Biden to Cut Emissions by at Least Half by 2030 | Union of Concerned Scientists". www.ucsusa.org. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  37. ^ Ketcham, Christopher (2022-06-29). "Logging is destroying southern forests — and dividing US environmentalists". Grist. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  38. ^ "Scientists urge Biden to remove logging, fossil fuels, biomass from budget bills". Mongabay Environmental News. 2021-11-08. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  39. ^ "Open Letter to President Biden and Members of Congress from Scientists: It is essential to Remove Climate-Harming Logging and Fossil Fuel Provisions from Reconciliation and Infrastructure Bills" (PDF). Retrieved 17 May 2023.
  40. ^ Sanger, David E. (2021-12-17). "Hundreds of Scientists Ask Biden to Cut the U.S. Nuclear Arsenal". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  41. ^ "Scientists and Engineers Letter to President Biden on the Nuclear Posture Review" (PDF). Retrieved 17 May 2023.
  42. ^ "To Avert 'Uncontrollable Climate Chaos,' Scientists Tell Biden to Stop Backing Fossil Fuels". www.commondreams.org. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  43. ^ Taylor, Damian Carrington Matthew (6 June 2022). "Revealed: the 'carbon bombs' set to trigger catastrophic climate breakdown". the Guardian. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
  44. ^ Bearak, Max (6 April 2023). "It's Not Just Willow: Oil and Gas Projects Are Back in a Big Way". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 May 2023.
  45. ^ Lamb, William F.; Mattioli, Giulio; Levi, Sebastian; Roberts, J. Timmons; Capstick, Stuart; Creutzig, Felix; Minx, Jan C.; Müller-Hansen, Finn; Culhane, Trevor; Steinberger, Julia K. (2020). "Discourses of climate delay". Global Sustainability. 3: e17. doi:10.1017/sus.2020.13. ISSN 2059-4798. S2CID 222245720.
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  47. ^ "Over 100 academic & IP experts sign an open letter in support of TRIPS waiver". The Times of India. 2021-07-14. ISSN 0971-8257. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  48. ^ Jones, Nicola (2023-03-22). "Not enough fish in the sea". Knowable Magazine | Annual Reviews. doi:10.1146/knowable-032223-1. S2CID 257702482.
  49. ^ "Op-ed: It's time to stop subsidizing overfishing | SeafoodSource". www.seafoodsource.com. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  50. ^ Australia, University of Western. "Scientists join international push to ban harmful fisheries subsidies". phys.org. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  51. ^ Sumaila, U. Rashid; Skerritt, Daniel J.; Schuhbauer, Anna; Villasante, Sebastian; Cisneros-Montemayor, Andrés M.; Sinan, Hussain; Burnside, Duncan; Abdallah, Patrízia Raggi; Abe, Keita; Addo, Kwasi A.; Adelsheim, Julia; Adewumi, Ibukun J.; Adeyemo, Olanike K.; Adger, Neil; Adotey, Joshua (2021-10-29). "WTO must ban harmful fisheries subsidies". Science. 374 (6567): 544. doi:10.1126/science.abm1680. hdl:11585/836841. ISSN 0036-8075. PMID 34709891. S2CID 240153044.
  52. ^ Sealy, Amanda (2022-04-10). "This invisible Covid-19 mitigation measure is finally getting the attention it deserves". CNN. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  53. ^ Morawska, Lidia; Milton, Donald K (2020-07-06). "It Is Time to Address Airborne Transmission of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)". Clinical Infectious Diseases. 71 (9): 2311–2313. doi:10.1093/cid/ciaa939. ISSN 1058-4838. PMC 7454469. PMID 32628269.
  54. ^ "Philippines academics condemn Duterte's deadly war on drugs - Study International". 4 October 2017. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  55. ^ Yang, Jeff. "The problem with 'the letter'". CNN. Retrieved 8 September 2020.
  56. ^ Schuessler, Jennifer (July 10, 2020). "An Open Letter on Free Expression Draws a Counterblast". The New York Times. Retrieved July 12, 2020.
  57. ^ Ketcham, Christopher; Gibbs, Jeff (31 January 2021). "Op-Ed: Collapseologists are warning humanity that business-as-usual will make the Earth uninhabitable". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  58. ^ Cox, Lisa (19 September 2019). "Hundreds of Australian academics declare support for climate rebellion". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  59. ^ Taylor, Matthew (13 February 2019). "Academics back UK schools' climate change strikes". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  60. ^ Mastini, Riccardo; Kallis, Giorgos; Hickel, Jason (1 January 2021). "A Green New Deal without growth?". Ecological Economics. 179: 106832. doi:10.1016/j.ecolecon.2020.106832. ISSN 0921-8009. S2CID 225007846.
  61. ^ "The EU needs a stability and wellbeing pact, not more growth". The Guardian. 16 September 2018. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  62. ^ Lemonick, Michael D. "An Open Letter from Scientists to President-Elect Trump on Climate Change". Scientific American Blog Network. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  63. ^ "2,300 Leading Scientists Send Trump A Clear Warning: We're Watching You". HuffPost. 2016-12-01. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  64. ^ Kiss, Jemima (14 May 2015). "Dear Google: open letter from 80 academics on 'right to be forgotten'". The Guardian. Retrieved 16 May 2023.
  65. ^ Bradshaw, Tim (12 January 2015). "Scientists and investors warn on AI". The Financial Times. Retrieved 24 April 2015. Rather than fear-mongering, the letter is careful to highlight both the positive and negative effects of artificial intelligence.
  66. ^ Dina Bass; Jack Clark (4 February 2015). "Is Elon Musk Right About AI? Researchers Don't Think So". Bloomberg Business. Retrieved 24 April 2015.
  67. ^ Sterling, Bruce. "Internet engineers don't like PIPA and SOPA". Wired. ISSN 1059-1028. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  68. ^ Eckersley, Parker Higgins and Peter (2011-12-15). "An Open Letter From Internet Engineers to the U.S. Congress". Electronic Frontier Foundation. Retrieved 2023-05-16.
  69. ^ После Глазычева православная общественность взялась за академика Гинзбурга (in Russian). July 24, 2007. Retrieved April 2, 2010.
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