List of non-marine molluscs of Malaysia
The non-marine mollusks of Malaysia are a part of the molluscan wildlife of Malaysia. A number of species of non-marine mollusks are found in the wild in Malaysia.
Freshwater gastropods
[edit]
- Pila ampullacea (Linnaeus, 1758)[1]
- Pila scutata (Mousson, 1848)[1]
- Pomacea canaliculata (Lamarck, 1819)[1]
- Clea bangueyensis EA Smith, 1895[1]
- Clea nigricans A Adams, 1885[1]
- Neritina pulligera (Linnaeus, 1767)[1]
- Septaria porcellana (Linnaeus, 1858)[1]
- Vittina coromandeliana (Sowerby, 1836)[1]
- Vittina variegata (Lesson, 1831)[1]
- Sulcospira pageli (Thiele, 1908)[1]
- Sinotaia guangdungensis (Kobelt, 1906)[1]
- Paludomus everetti EA Smith, 1894[1]
- Paludomus luteus Adams, 1874[1]
- Physella acuta (Draparnaud, 1805)[1]
- Indoplanorbis exustus (Deshayes, 1834)[1]
- Mieniplotia scabra (OF Müller, 1774)[1]
- Melanoides tuberculata (OF Müller, 1774)[1]
- Tarebia granifera (Lamarck, 1822)[1]
![[icon]](/wiki/File:Wiki_letter_w_cropped.svg){kind=small} | This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2010) |
Land gastropods
[edit]- Acmella bauensis Marzuki, Liew & Mohd-Azlan, 2021[2]
- Acmella cyrtoglyphe Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3][2]
- Acmella umbilicata Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3]
- Acmella ovoidea Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3][2]
- Acmella nana Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3][2]
- Acmella paeninsularis Foon & Marzuki, 2022[4]
- Acmella subcancellata Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3]
- Acmella striata Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3]
- Anaglyphula sauroderma Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3][2]
- Solenomphala scalaris (Heude, 1882)[2]
- Craspedotropis borneensis (Godwin-Austen, 1889)[2]
- Cyclophorus aquilus (Sowerby, 1843)[5]
- Cyclophorus aurantiacus pernobilis Gould, 1844[5]
- Cyclophorus cantori (Benson, 1851)[5]
- Cyclophorus expansus (Pfeiffer, 1853)[5]
- Cyclophorus malayanus (Benson, 1852)[5]
- Cyclophorus perdix borneensis (Metcalfe, 1851)[2]
- Cyclophorus pfeifferi Reeve, 1861[5]
- Cyclophorus volvulus (O.F. Müller, 1774)[5]
- Ditropopsis davisoni Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3]
- Ditropopsis everetti (E. A. Smith, 1895)[2]
- Ditropopsis trachychilus Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3]
- Ditropopsis constricta Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3]
- Ditropopsis tyloacron Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3]
- Ditropopsis cincta Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3]
- Japonia anceps Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3]
- Japonia barbata (L. Pfeiffer, 1855)[2]
- Japonia bauensis Marzuki, Liew & Mohd-Azlan, 2021[2]
- Japonia metcalfei (Issel, 1874)[2]
- Japonia mundyana (Godwin-Austen, 1889)[2]
- Japonia rabongensis (E. A. Smith, 1895)[2]
- Leptopoma sericatum (L. Pfeiffer, 1851)[2]
- Leptopoma undatum (Metcalfe, 1851)[2]
- Opisthoporus biciliatus (Mousson, 1849)[2]
- Opisthoporus birostris (L. Pfeiffer, 1854)[2]
- Opisthoporus cavernae (Godwin-Austen, 1889)[2]
- Opisthoporus euryomphalus (L. Pfeiffer, 1856)[2]
- Platyrhaphe linita (Godwin-Austen, 1889)[2]
- Pterocyclos tenuilabiatus (Metcalfe, 1851)[2]
- Scabrina belang Foon & Marzuki, 2022[6]
- Arinia linnei Maassen, 2008[7]
- Arinia micro Marzuki & Foon, 2016[7]
- Diplommatina adversa (H. Adams & A. Adams, 1851)[2]
- Diplommatina azlani Marzuki, 2019[8]
- Diplommatina bidentata Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3]
- Diplommatina busanensis Godwin-Austen, 1889[2][8]
- Diplommatina concinna H. Adams, 1872[2]
- Diplommatina heteropleura Vermeulen & Khalik, 2021[9]
- Diplommatina isseli Godwin-Austen, 1889[2]
- Diplommatina laidlawi Sykes, 1903[8]
- Diplommatina maduana maduana Laidlaw, 1949[2]
- Diplommatina moluensis E. A. Smith, 1893[9]
- Diplommatina onyx Fulton, 1901[2]
- Diplommatina spinosa Godwin-Austen, 1889[2]
- Diplommatina toretos Vermeulen, 1993[2]
- Diplommatina tweediei Laidlaw, 1949[9]
- Diplommatina tylocheilos Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3]
- Opisthostoma ballorum Vermeulen, 1991[2]
- Opisthostoma brachyacrum brachyacrum Thompson, 1978[2]
- Opisthostoma brachyacrum lambi (Vermeulen, 1991)[2]
- Opisthostoma cryptodon Vermeulen, 1991[2]
- Opisthostoma planiapex Vermeulen, 1991[2]
- Opisthostoma simile Vermeulen, 1994[2]
- Opisthostoma tridens Vermeulen, 1991[2]
- Plectostoma austeni (E. A. Smith, 1894)[2]
- Plectostoma everetti (E. A. Smith, 1893)[2]
- Plectostoma margaretchanae Marzuki, Liew & Mohd-Azlan, 2021[2]
- Plectostoma wallacei busauense (E. A. Smith, 1893)[2]
- Plectostoma wallacei teinostoma (Vermeulen, 1994)[2]
- Plectostoma wallacei wallacei Ancey, 1887[2]
- Pupina doriae Godwin-Austen, 1889[2]
- Pupina evansi Godwin-Austen, 1889[2]
- Pupina hosei Godwin-Austen, 1889[2]
- Rhaphaulus bombycinus (L. Pfeiffer, 1855)[2]
- Rhaphaulus pfeifferi Issel, 1874[2]
- Georissa anyiensis Khalik, Hendriks, Vermeulen & Schilthuizen, 2018[10]
- Georissa bauensis Khalik, Hendriks, Vermeulen & Schilthuizen, 2018[2][10]
- Georissa everetti E. A. Smith, 1895[2]
- Georissa hadra Thompson & Dance, 1983[10]
- Georissa hosei Godwin-Austen, 1889[2][10]
- Georissa hungerfordi Godwin-Austen, 1889[2]
- Georissa kinabatanganensis Khalik, Hendriks, Vermeulen & Schilthuizen, 2018[10]
- Georissa kobelti Gredler, 1902[10]
- Georissa leucococca Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3][2]
- Georissa muluensis Khalik, Hendriks, Vermeulen & Schilthuizen, 2018[10]
- Georissa nephrostoma Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3]
- Georissa niahensis Godwin-Austen, 1889[10]
- Georissa pyrrhoderma Thompson & Dance, 1983[10]
- Georissa saulae (van Benthem-Jutting, 1966)[10]
- Georissa scalinella (van Benthem-Jutting, 1966)[10]
- Georissa sepulutensis Khalik, Hendriks, Vermeulen & Schilthuizen, 2018[10]
- Georissa silaburensis Khalik, Hendriks, Vermeulen & Schilthuizen, 2018[10]
- Amphidromus angulatus Fulton, 1896[2]
- Amphidromus psephos Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3]
- Amphidromus cf. similis Pilsbry, 1900[2]
- Bradybaena similaris (Férussac, 1822)[2]
- Chloritis tomentosa (L. Pfeiffer, 1854)[2]
- Kenyirus balingensis Tan, Chan & Foon, 2017[11]
- Kenyirus sheema Foon, Tan & Clements, 2015[11]
- Kenyirus sodhii Clements & Tan, 2012[11]
- Landouria winteriana (L. Pfeiffer, 1842)[2]
- Ganesella acris (Benson, 1859)[2]
- Trachia serpentinitica Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3]
- Kaliella barrakporensis (L. Pfeiffer, 1852)[2]
- Kaliella busauensis (E. A. Smith, 1895)[2]
- Kaliella calculosa (Gould, 1852)[2]
- Kaliella doliolum (L. Pfeiffer, 1846)[2]
- Kaliella microconus (Mousson, 1865)[2]
- Kaliella micula (Mousson, 1857)[2]
- Kaliella platyconus Möllendorff, 1897[2]
- Kaliella scandens (Cox, 1871)[2]
- Platymma tweediei (Tomlin, 1938)[12]
- Beilania philippinensis (C. Semper, 1874)[2]
- Philalanka jambusanensis Marzuki, Liew & Mohd-Azlan, 2021[2]
- Philalanka kusana (Aldrich, 1889)[2]
- Philalanka moluensis (E. A. Smith, 1893)[2]
- Philalanka tambunanensis Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3]
- Philalanka obscura Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3]
- Philalanka anomphala Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3]
- Philalanka rugulosa Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3]
- Philalanka malimgunung Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3]
- Kaliella eurytrochus Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3]
- Kaliella sublaxa Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3]
- Kaliella phacomorpha Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3]
- Kaliella punctata Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3]
- Kaliella microsoma Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3]
- Rahula delopleura Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3]
- Paralaoma angusta Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3][2]
- Paralaoma sarawakensis Marzuki, Liew & Mohd-Azlan, 2021[2]
- Trochomorpha trachus Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3]
- Trochomorpha haptoderma Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3]
- Trochomorpha thelecoryphe Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3]
- Geotrochus conicoides (Metcalfe, 1851)[2]
- Geotrochus oedobasis Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3]
- Geotrochus spilokeiria Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3]
- Geotrochus scolops Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3]
- Geotrochus kitteli Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3]
- Geotrochus subscalaris Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3][2]
- Geotrochus meristorhachis Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3]
- Videna bicolor (Martens, 1864)[2]
- Videna timorensis (Martens, 1867)[2]
- Exrhysota brookei (A. Adams & Reeve, 1848)[2]
- Microcystis dyakana Godwin-Austen, 1891[2]
- Rahula raricostulata (E. A. Smith, 1893)[2]
- Phaedusa borneensis (L. Pfeiffer, 1854)[2]
- Ptychopatula dioscoricola (C. B. Adams, 1845)[2]
- Ptychopatula orcella (Stoliczka, 1873)[2]
- Pupisoma moleculina (Van Benthem-Jutting, 1940)[2]
- Pupisoma pulvisculum (Issel, 1874)[2]
- Laevicaulis alte (Férussac, 1821)[13]
- Semperula wallacei (Issel, 1874)[13]
- Valiguna flava (Heynemann, 1885)[13][2]
- Atopos punctata Collinge 1902[13]
- Damayantia carinata Collinge, 1901[2]
- Durgella densestriata Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3]
- Dyakia chlorosoma Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3]
- Hemiplecta densa (A. Adams & Reeve, 1850)[2]
- Macrochlamys infans (L. Pfeiffer, 1854)[2]
- Macrochlamys sainctjohni (Godwin-Austen, 1891)[2]
- Macrochlamys tersa (Issel, 1874)[2]
- Microcystina arabii Marzuki, Liew & Mohd-Azlan, 2021[2]
- Microcystina atoni Marzuki, Liew & Mohd-Azlan, 2021[2]
- Microcystina kilat Marzuki, Liew & Mohd-Azlan, 2021[2]
- Microcystina lirata Marzuki, Liew & Mohd-Azlan, 2021[2]
- Microcystina oswaldbrakeni Marzuki, Liew & Mohd-Azlan, 2021[2]
- Microcystina paripari Marzuki, Liew & Mohd-Azlan, 2021[2]
- Microcystina microrhynchus Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3]
- Microcystina callifera Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3]
- Microcystina striatula Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3]
- Microcystina planiuscula Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3]
- Microcystina physotrochus Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3][2]
- Microcystina seclusa Godwin-Austen, 1891[2]
- Ibycus rachelae Schilthuizen & Liew, 2008[13]
- Microparmarion pollonerai Collinge & Godwin Austen, 1895[13]
- Microparmarion simrothi Collinge & Godwin Austen, 1895[13]
- Parmarion martensi Simroth, 1893[13]
- Philippinella moellendorffi (Collinge, 1899)[13]
- Vitrinula glutinosa (Metcalfe, 1851)[2]
- Deroceras laeve (Müller, 1774)[13]
- Meghimatium striatum (Van Hasselt, 1824)[13]
- Meghimatium uniforme Laidlaw 1937[13]
- Meghimatium pictum (Stoliczka, 1872)[13]
- Allopeas myrmekophilos Janssen & Witte, 2002[14]
- Curvella hadrotes Vermeulen, Liew & Schilthuizen, 2015[3]
- Alycaeus alticola Foon & Liew, 2017[15]
- Alycaeus altispirus Möllendorff, 1902[15]
- Alycaeus balingensis Tomlin, 1948[15][11]
- Alycaeus carinata Maassen, 2006[15]
- Alycaeus charasensis Foon & Liew, 2017[15]
- Alycaeus clementsi Foon & Liew, 2017[15]
- Alycaeus conformis Fulton, 1902[15]
- Alycaeus costacrassa Foon & Liew, 2017[15]
- Alycaeus expansus Foon & Liew, 2017[15]
- Alycaeus gibbosulus Stoliczka, 1872[15]
- Alycaeus ikanensis Foon & Liew, 2017[15]
- Alycaeus jousseaumei Morgan, 1885[15]
- Alycaeus kapayanensis Morgan, 1885[15]
- Alycaeus kelantanensis Sykes, 1902[15]
- Alycaeus kurauensis Foon & Liew, 2017[15]
- Alycaeus liratulus Preston, 1907[15]
- Alycaeus perakensis Crosse, 1879[15]
- Alycaeus regalis Foon & Liew, 2017[15]
- Alycaeus robeleni Möllendorff, 1894[15]
- Alycaeus selangoriensis Foon & Liew, 2017[15]
- Alycaeus senyumensis Foon & Liew, 2017[15]
- Alycaeus thieroti Morgan, 1885[15]
- Alycaeus virgogravida Foon & Liew, 2017[15]
- Chamalycaeus specus (Godwin-Austen, 1889)[2]
- Pincerna globosa (H. Adams, 1870)[2]
- Stomacosmethis hosei (Godwin-Austen, 1889)[2]
- Stomacosmethis sadongensis (E. A. Smith, 1895)[2]
- Boysidia megaphonum van Benthem-Jutting, 1950[16]
- Boysidia perigyra van Benthem-Jutting, 1950[17]
- Boysidia salpinx F. G. Thompson & Dance, 1983[2]
- Paraboysidia serpa van Benthem-Jutting, 1950[11]
- Dyakia busanensis Godwin-Austen, 1891[2]
- Dyakia subdebilis E. A. Smith, 1895[2]
- Everettia cutteri (H. Adams, 1870)[2]
- Everettia microrhytida Marzuki, Liew & Mohd-Azlan, 2021[2]
- Everettia minuta Marzuki, Liew & Mohd-Azlan, 2021[2]
- Rhinocochlis nasuta (Metcalfe, 1851)[2]
- Quantula striata (Gray, 1834)[18][2]
- Elasmias sundanum (Möllendorff, 1897)[2]
- Lissachatina fulica (Bowdich, 1822)[2]
- Allopeas clavulinum (Potiez & Michaud, 1838)[2]
- Allopeas gracile (T. Hutton, 1834)[2]
- Opeas didyma (Westerlund, 1883)[2]
- Paropeas achatinaceum (L. Pfeiffer, 1846)[2]
- Platycochlium sarawakense Laidlaw, 1950[2]
- Sinoennea Kobelt, 1904[19]
- Gulella bicolor (T. Hutton, 1834)[2]
- Odontartemon balingensis Tomlin, 1948[11]
- Succinea obesa (Martens, 1867)[2]
| This section needs expansion. You can help by adding to it. (September 2010) |
See also
[edit]Lists of molluscs of surrounding countries:
- List of non-marine molluscs of Thailand
- List of non-marine molluscs of Indonesia
- List of non-marine molluscs of Brunei
- List of non-marine molluscs of Singapore
- List of non-marine molluscs of Vietnam
- List of non-marine molluscs of the Philippines
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r Ng TH, Dulipat J, Foon JK, Lopes-Lima M, Zieritz A, Liew T-S (2017) A preliminary checklist of the freshwater snails of Sabah (Malaysian Borneo) deposited in the BORNEENSIS collection, Universiti Malaysia Sabah. ZooKeys 673: 105–123. DOI:10.3897/zookeys.673.12544
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bf bg bh bi bj bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd de df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr Marzuki ME, Liew T-S, Mohd-Azlan J (2021) Land snails and slugs of Bau limestone hills, Sarawak (Malaysia, Borneo), with the descriptions of 13 new species. ZooKeys 1035: 1–113. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1035.60843
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah ai aj ak al am an ao ap aq ar as at au av Vermeulen JJ, Liew TS, Schilthuizen M (2015) Additions to the knowledge of the land snails of Sabah (Malaysia, Borneo), including 48 new species. ZooKeys 531: 1–139. doi: 10.3897/zookeys.531.6097
- ^ Junn Kitt Foon & Mohammad Effendi Marzuki (2022). "A new species of Acmella (Gastropoda: Assimineidae) from Peninsular Malaysia". Folia Malacologica 30(1): 10–15.
- ^ a b c d e f g DO Duc Sang, DO Van Nhuong (2019). "Family Cyclophoridae in Vietnam (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea): the genus Cyclophorus Montfort, 1810". Ruthenica 29(1): 1-53.
- ^ Junn Kitt Foon & Mohammad Effendi Marzuki (2022). "First record and description of a new Scabrina species (Gastropoda: Cyclophoridae) from Peninsular Malaysia". Folia Malacologica 1(30): 23-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12657/folmal.030.003
- ^ a b Marzuki, M.E.b.; Foon, J.K. (2016). "A new land snail, Arinia (Notharinia) micro (Caenogastropoda: Cyclophoroidea: Diplommatinidae), from a limestone karst in Perak, Peninsular Malaysia". Raffles Bulletin of Zoology. 64: 313–318.
- ^ a b c Mohammad Effendi bin Marzuki (2019). "Diplommatina azlani, a new land snail species from Sarawak (Gastropoda: Cyclophoroidea: Diplommatinidae)". Raffles Bulletin of Zoology 67: 56–59. DOI: 10.26107/RBZ-2019-0004
- ^ a b c Jaap J. Vermeulen & Mohd Zacaery Khalik (2021). "Two new species of Diplommatina Benson, 1849 (Gastropoda, Caenogastropoda: Diplommatinidae) from Borneo". Folia Malacologica 29(3): 174–177. DOI: https://doi.org/10.12657/folmal.029.019
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Mohd Zacaery Khalik, Kasper Hendriks, Jaap J. Vermeulen, Menno Schilthuizen (2018). "A molecular and conchological dissection of the “scaly” Georissa of Malaysian Borneo (Gastropoda, Neritimorpha, Hydrocenidae)". ZooKeys 773: 1-55. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.773.24878
- ^ a b c d e f Tan SK, Chan SY & Foon JK (2017) Description of a new Kenyirus species (Pulmonata, Camaenidae) from Kedah, Peninsular Malaysia. Occasional Molluscan Papers, 6: 1–4.
- ^ Tomlin, J.R. le B. (1938). "A new Ariophantid from the Malay". Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London. 23: 116–117.
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m M. Schilthuizen & T. S. Liew. (2008). "The slugs and semislugs of Sabah, Malaysian Borneo (Gastropoda, Pulmonata: Veronicellidae, Rathouisiidae, Ariophantidae, Limacidae, Philomycidae)". Basteria 72: 287-306.
- ^ Janssen, R. & Witte, V. (2002). "Allopeas myrmekophilos n. sp., the first snail reported as living in army ant colonies (Gastropoda: Pulmonata: Subulinidae)". Archiv für Molluskenkunde 131(1-2): 211-215. DOI: 10.1127/arch.moll/131/2002/211
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w Junn Kitt Foon, Thor-Seng Liew. (2017). "A review of the land snail genus Alycaeus (Gastropoda, Alycaeidae) in Peninsular Malaysia". ZooKeys 692: 1-81. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.692.14706
- ^ Clements, R. (2009). "Hypselostoma megaphonum". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T168186A6463496. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009-2.RLTS.T168186A6463496.en. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
- ^ Clements, R. (2009). "Hypselostoma perigyra". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. 2009: e.T168178A6462780. doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2009-2.RLTS.T168178A6462780.en. Retrieved 14 September 2010.
- ^ Daston M. M. & Copeland J. (1993). "The luminescent organ and sexual maturity in Dyakia striata". Malacologia 35(1): 9–19. abstract
- ^ Sutcharit C., Naggs F., Wade C. M., Fontanilla I. & Panha S. (2010). "The new family Diapheridae, a new species of Diaphera Albers from Thailand, and the position of the Diapheridae within a molecular phylogeny of the Streptaxoidea (Pulmonata: Stylommatophora)". Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 160: 1-16. doi:10.1111/j.1096-3642.2009.00598.x.
External links
[edit]- The Terrestrial Gastropods of Sabah (North Borneo), Malaysia
- Issel A. (1874). Molluschi Borneensi. Genova, Tipografia del R. Instituto Sordo-Muti.