List of monarchs of Kashmir
| Maharaja/Sultan of Kashmir | |
|---|---|
 | |
 | |
| Details | |
| Style | Maharaja Sultan Raja |
| First monarch | Durlabhavardhana 625–662 |
| Last monarch | Hari Singh 1925–1952 |
| Formation | 625 CE |
| Abolition | 17 November 1952 |
| Residence | Amar Mahal Palace Mubarak Mandi Palace Hari Niwas Palace Akhnoor Fort Pari Mahal Hari Parbat Fort Red Fort Gulab Bhavan Sher Garhi Palace Baghsar Fort |
| Appointer | Hereditary |
| Pretender(s) | Karan Singh |
This is a list of the monarchs of Kashmir from the establishment of the Karkota dynasty around 625 CE until the cession of parts of Kashmir by the Dogra dynasty to Pakistan in 1947 and then merging into the Indian Union in 1952.
Karkota dynasty (625 – 855)
[edit]- List of rulers–[1]
| Ruler | Reign | Ascension year |
|---|---|---|
| Durlabhavardhana (Prajnaditya) | 38 years | 598 CE |
| Durlabhaka (Pratapaditya II) | 60 years | 634 CE |
| Chandrapida (Vajraditya I) | 8 years, 8 months | 694 CE |
| Tarapida (Udayaditya) | 4 years, 24 days | 703 CE |
| Muktapida (Lalitaditya I) | 36 years, 7 months, 11 days | 703 CE |
| Kuvalayapida | 1 year, 15 days | 739 CE |
| Vajraditya II (Bappiyaka / Vappiyaka / Lalitaditya II) | 7 years | 746 CE |
| Prithivyapida I | 4 years, 1 month | 750 CE |
| Sangramapida I | 7 days | 750 CE |
| Jayapida (Vinayaditya); Jajja | 31 years; 3 years | 781 CE |
| Lalitapida | 12 years | 793 CE |
| Sangramapida II (Prithivyapida II) | 7 years | 805 CE |
| Chippatajayapida (Brhspati / Vrihaspati) | 12 years | 812 CE |
| Ajitapida | 37 years | 830 CE |
| Anangapida | 3 years | 867 CE |
| Utpalapida | 2 years | 870 CE |
Utpala dynasty (855 – 1012)
[edit]- List of rulers–
| Ruler | Reign (CE) |
|---|---|
| Avantivarman | 853/855–883 |
| Shankaravarman | 883–902 |
| Gopalavarman | 902–904 |
| Sankata | 904 |
| Sugandha | 904–906 |
| Partha | 906–921 |
| Nirjitavarman | 921–922 |
| Chakravarman | 922–933 |
| Shuravarman I | 933–934 |
| Partha (2nd reign) | 934–935 |
| Chakravarman (2nd reign) | 935 |
| Shankaravardhana (or Shambhuvardhana) | 935–936 |
| Chakravarman (3rd reign) | 936–937 |
| Unmattavanti ("Mad Avanti") | 937–939 |
| Shuravarman II | 939 |
| Yashaskara-deva | 939 |
| Varnata | 948 |
| Sangramadeva (Sanggrama I) | 948 |
| Parvagupta | 948–950 |
| Kshemagupta | 950–958 |
| Abhimanyu II | 958–972 |
| Nandigupta | 972–973 |
| Tribhuvanagupta | 973–975 |
| Bhimagupta | 975–980 |
| Didda | 980–1009/1012 |
Lohar dynasty (1003 – 1339)
[edit]- List of rulers–[2]
| Ruler | Ascension year (CE) |
|---|---|
| Sangramaraja (Samgramaraja / Kshamapati) | 1003 CE |
| Hariraja | 1028 CE |
| Ananta-deva | 1028 CE |
| Kalasha (Ranaditya II) | 1063 CE |
| Utkarsha | 1089 CE |
| Harsha | died in 1101 CE |
| Uchchala | 1101 CE |
| Sussala | unknown |
| Jayasimha | 1111 CE |
| Paramanuka | 1123 CE |
| Vantideva | until 1165 CE |
| Vuppadeva | 1172 CE |
| Jassaka | 1181 CE |
| Jagadeva | 1199 CE |
| Rājadeva | 1213 CE |
| Samgrāmadeva | 1235 CE |
| Laksmandadeva | 1273 CE |
| Simhadeva | 1286 CE |
| Sūhadeva | 1301 CE |
| Rinchan | 13 November 1320 – December 1320 (as Maharaja of Kashmir), December 1320 – 25 November 1323 (as Sultan of Kashmir) |
| Udayanadeva | 1323 CE |
| Kota Rani | 1338–1339 CE[2] |
Shah Mir Dynasty (1339 – 1561)
[edit]| No. | Titular Name | Birth Name | Reign |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Shamsu'd-Dīn Shāh شَمس اُلدِین شَاہ |
Shāh Mīr شَاہ مِیر |
1339 – 1342 |
| 2 | Jamshīd Shāh جَمشید شَاہ |
Jamshīd جَمشید |
1342 – 1342 |
| 3 | Alāu'd-Dīn Shāh عَلاؤ اُلدِین شَاہ |
Alī Shēr عَلی شیر |
1343 – 1354 |
| 4 | Shihābu'd-Dīn Shāh شِہاب اُلدِین شَاہ |
Shīrashāmak شِیراشَامَک |
1354 – 1373 |
| 5 | Qutbu'd-Dīn Shāh قُتب اُلدِین شَاہ |
Hindāl حِندَال |
1373 – 1389 |
| 6 | Sikandar Shāh سِکَندَر شَاہ |
Shingara شِنگَرَہ |
1389 – 1412 |
| 7 | Alī Shāh عَلی شَاہ |
Mīr Khān مِیر خَان |
1412 – 1418 |
| 8 | Zainu'l-'Ābidīn زین اُلعَابِدِین |
Shāhī Khān شَاہی خَان |
1418 – 1419 |
| 9 | Alī Shāh عَلی شَاہ |
Mīr Khān مِیر خَان |
1419 – 1420 |
| 10 | Zainu'l-'Ābidīn زین اُلعَابِدِین |
Shāhī Khān شَاہی خَان |
1420 – 12 May 1470 |
| 11 | Haider Shāh حیدِر شَاہ |
Hāji Khān حَاجِی خَان |
12 May 1470 – 13 April 1472 |
| 12 | Hasan Shāh حَسَن شَاہ |
Hasan Khān حَسَن خَان |
13 April 1472 – 19 April 1484 |
| 13 | Muhammad Shāh مُحَمَد شَاہ |
Muhammad Khān مُحَمَد خَان |
19 April 1484 – 14 October 1486 |
| 14 | Fatēh Shāh فَتح شَاہ |
Fatēh Khān فَتح خَان |
14 October 1486 – July 1493 |
| 15 | Muhammad Shāh مُحَمَد شَاہ |
Muhammad Khān مُحَمَد خَان |
July 1493 – 1505 |
| 16 | Fatēh Shāh فَتح شَاہ |
Fatēh Khān فَتح خَان |
1505 – 1514 |
| 17 | Muhammad Shāh مُحَمَد شَاہ |
Muhammad Khān مُحَمَد خَان |
1514 – September 1515 |
| 18 | Fatēh Shāh فَتح شَاہ |
Fatēh Khān فَتح خَان |
September 1515 – August 1517 |
| 19 | Muhammad Shāh مُحَمَد شَاہ |
Muhammad Khān مُحَمَد خَان |
August 1517 – January 1528 |
| 20 | Ibrahīm Shāh اِبرَاہِیم شَاہ |
Ibrahīm Khān اِبرَاہِیم خَان |
January 1528 – April 1528 |
| 21 | Nāzuk Shāh نَازُک شَاہ |
Nādir Shāh نَادِر شَاہ |
April 1528 – June 1530 |
| 22 | Muhammad Shāh مُحَمَد شَاہ |
Muhammad Khān مُحَمَد خَان |
June 1530 – July 1537 |
| 23 | Shamsu'd-Dīn Shāh II شَمس اُلدِین شَاہ دوم |
Shamsu'd-Dīn شَمس اُلدِین |
July 1537 – 1540 |
| 24 | Ismaīl Shāh اِسمَاعِیل شَاہ |
Ismaīl Khān اِسمَاعِیل خَان |
1540 – December 1540 |
| 25 | Nāzuk Shāh نَازُک شَاہ |
Nādir Shāh نَادِر شَاہ |
December 1540 – December 1552 |
| 26 | Ibrahīm Shāh اِبرَاہِیم شَاہ |
Ibrahīm Khān اِبرَاہِیم خَان |
December 1552 – 1555 |
| 27 | Ismaīl Shāh اِسمَاعِیل شَاہ |
Ismaīl Khān اِسمَاعِیل خَان |
1555 – 1557 |
| 28 | Habīb Shāh حَبِیب شَاہ |
Habīb Khān حَبِیب خَان |
1557 – 1561 |
Note: Muhammad Shah had five separate reigns from 1484 to 1537.[4]
Chak dynasty (1561 – 1579)
[edit]| Titular Name | Personal Name | Reign |
|---|---|---|
| Muḥammad Humāyūn محمد ہمایوں |
Ghazi Shah
غازی شاہ چَک |
1561 – 1563 |
| Nasiru'd-Din
ناصرالدین |
Husain Shah
حُسین شاہ چَک |
1563 – 1570 |
| Zahīru'd-Din Muhammad Alī
ظہیرالدین محمد علی |
Ali Shah
عَلی شاہ چَک |
1570 – December 1578 |
| Nasiru'd-Din Ghazi
ناصرالدین غازی |
Yousuf Shah (1)
یُوسُفْ شاہ چَک |
December 1578 – February 1579 |
Baihaqi dynasty
[edit]| Title | Personal Name | Reign |
|---|---|---|
| Sultan سلطان |
Sayyid Mubarak Baihaqi
سيد مبارک بیهقی |
February 1579 – November 1579 |
Chak dynasty Restored (1579 – 1589)
[edit]| Titular Name | Personal Name | Reign |
|---|---|---|
| Lohar Ghazi
لوہر غازی |
Lohar Khan
لوہر خان چَک |
November 1579 – November 1580 |
| Nasiru'd-Din Ghazi
ناصرالدین غازی |
Yousuf Shah (2)
یُوسُفْ شاہ چَک |
November 1580 – 14 February 1586 |
| Ismā'īl Shah
اسماعیل شاہ |
Yakub Shah
یَعقوب شاہ چَک |
14 February 1586 – 8 August 1589 |
- Yakub Shah was dethroned on 14 October 1586 by the Mughals but continued to use the title of the Sultan of Kashmir till 1589.
Mughal Robber Gang (1586 – 1752)
[edit]| Portrait | Titular Name | Birth Name | Birth | Reign | Death |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 
|
Akbar اکبر |
Abu'l Fath Jalal Ud-Din Muhammad ابوالفتح جلال الدین محمد |
15 October 1542 Umerkot, Pakistan | 14 October 1586 – 27 October 1605
(19 years 0 months 13 days) |
27 October 1605 (aged 63) Agra, India |
2 
|
Jahangir جہانگیر |
Nur Ud-Din Baig Muhammad khan Salim نورالدین بیگ محمد خان سلیم |
31 August 1569 Agra, India | 3 November 1605 – 28 October 1627
(21 years 11 months 23 days) |
28 October 1627 (aged 58) Jammu and Kashmir, India |
3 
|
Shah Jahan شاہ جہان |
Shahab Ud-Din Muhammad Khurram شہاب الدین محمد خرم |
5 January 1592 Lahore, Pakistan | 19 January 1628 – 31 July 1658
(30 years 8 months 25 days) |
22 January 1666 (aged 74) Agra, India |
4 
|
Aurangzeb اورنگزیب Alamgir |
Muhi Ud-Din Muhammad محی الدین محمد |
3 November 1618 Gujarat, India | 31 July 1658 – 3 March 1707
(48 years 7 months 0 days) |
3 March 1707 (aged 88) Ahmednagar, India |
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|
Azam Shah اعظم شاہ |
Qutb Ud-Din Muhammad قطب الدين محمد |
28 June 1653 Burhanpur, India | 14 March 1707 – 20 June 1707 | 20 June 1707 (aged 53) Agra, India |
6 
|
Bahadur Shah بہادر شاہ Shah Alam |
Abul-Nasr Sayyid Qutb-ud-din Mirza Muhammad Muazzam ابوالنصر سید قطب الدین مرزا محمد معظم |
14 October 1643 Burhanpur, India | 19 June 1707 – 27 February 1712
(4 years, 253 days) |
27 February 1712 (aged 68) Lahore, Pakistan |
7 
|
Jahandar Shah جہاندار شاہ |
Mu'izz-ud-Din Beg Muhammad Khan Bahādur معیز الدین بیگ محمد خان بہادر |
9 May 1661 Deccan, India | 27 February 1712 – 11 February 1713
(0 years, 350 days) |
12 February 1713 (aged 51) Delhi, India |
8
|
Farrukhsiyar فرخ سیر |
Abu'l Muzaffar Muīn-ud-Dīn Muhammad Shāh Farrukhsiyar Alim Akbar Sāni Wālā Shān Pādshāh-i-bahr-u-bar ابوالمظفر معین الدین محمد شاہ فرخ سیار علیم اکبر ثانی والا شان پادشاہ البحر البر Puppet King Under the Sayyids of Barha |
20 August 1685 Aurangabad, India | 11 January 1713 – 28 February 1719
(6 years, 48 days) |
19 April 1719 (aged 33) Delhi, India |
9
|
Rafi ud-Darajat رفیع الدرجات |
Abu'l Barakat Shams-ud-Din Muhammad Rafi ud-Darajat Padshah Ghazi Shahanshah-i-Bahr-u-Bar ابوالبرکات شمس الدین محمد رفیع الدراجات پادشاہ غازی شہنشاہ البحر البر Puppet King Under the Sayyids of Barha |
1 December 1699 | 28 February 1719 – 6 June 1719
(0 years, 98 days) |
6 June 1719 (aged 19) Agra, India |
10
|
Shah Jahan II شاہ جہان دوم |
Rafi-ud-Din Muhammad Rafi-ud-Daulah رفیع الدین محمد رفیع الدولہ Puppet King Under the Sayyids of Barha |
5 January 1696 | 6 June 1719 – 17 September 1719
(0 years, 105 days) |
18 September 1719 (aged 23) Agra, India |
11
|
Muhammad Shah محمد شاہ |
Nasir-ud-Din Muḥammad Shah Roshan Akhtar Bahadur Ghazi ناصر الدین محمد شاہ روشن اختر بہادر غازی Puppet King Under the Sayyids of Barha |
7 August 1702 Ghazni, Afghanistan | 27 September 1719 – 26 April 1748
(28 years, 212 days) |
26 April 1748 (aged 45) Delhi, India |
12
|
Ahmad Shah Bahadur احمد شاہ بہادر |
Abu-Nasir Mujahid ud-din Muhammad Ahmad Shah Bahadur Ghazi ابو ناصر مجاہد الدین محمد احمد شاہ بہادر غازی |
23 December 1725 Delhi, India | 29 April 1748 – 1752
(4 years) |
1 January 1775 (aged 49) Delhi, India |
Durrani Empire (1752 – 1754)
[edit]| Name | Lifespan | Reign start | Reign end | Notes | Family | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ahmad Shah Durrani
| 1720/1722 – 4 June 1772 | 1752 | 1754 | Established the Durrani dynasty and the Durrani Empire; Considered founder of modern Afghanistan | Durrani |  |
Raja of Kashmir
[edit]| Titular Name(s) | Personal Name | Reign |
|---|---|---|
| Raja Jiwan راجہ جیون |
Sukh Jiwan Mal Sahni سکھ جیون مال ساہنی |
1754–1762 |
Durrani Robber Gang Restored (1762 – 1819)
[edit]| Name | Lifespan | Reign start | Reign end | Notes | Family | Image |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ahmad Shah Durrani
| 1720/1722 – 4 June 1772 | 1762 | 4 June 1772 | Established the Durrani dynasty and the Durrani Empire; Considered founder of modern Afghanistan | Durrani | |
| Timur Shah Durrani | December 1746 – 20 May 1793 | November 1772 | 20 May 1793 | Son of Ahmad Shah Durrani Preserved the Durrani Empire following the death of his father after fighting off civil war in 1772, and multiple rebellions | Durrani |  |
| Zaman Shah Durrani | 1770–1844 | 20 May 1793 | 25 July 1801 (deposed) | Son of Timur Shah Durrani Engaged in civil war with his brothers after the death of his father, later being deposed | Durrani |  |
Mahmud Shah Durrani
| 1769 – 18 April 1829 | 25 July 1801 | 13 July 1803 (deposed) | Son of Timur Shah Durrani Engaged in civil war with his brothers after the death of his father, later being deposed | Durrani |  |
Shah Shujah Durrani
| 4 November 1785 – 5 April 1842 | 13 July 1803 | 3 May 1809 (deposed) | Son of Timur Shah Durrani Engaged in civil war with his brothers after the death of his father, later being deposed, and making multiple attempts to reclaim his throne | Durrani |  |
| Mahmud Shah Durrani (2nd reign)
| 1769 – 18 April 1829 | 3 May 1809 | 1818 (deposed) | Son of Timur Shah Durrani Exiled to Herat following his deposition during his second reign | Durrani | |
| Ali Shah Durrani | 1818 | 1819 (deposed) | Son of Timur Shah Durrani | Durrani |  |
Sikh Empire (1819 – 1846)
[edit]| S. No. | Name | Portrait | Birth and death | Reign | Note | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Maharaja Ranjit Singh | 
|
13 November 1780 (Gujranwala) | 27 June 1839 (Lahore) | 5 July 1819 | 27 June 1839 | 19 years, 357 days | The first Sikh king | Stroke |
| 2 | Maharaja Kharak Singh | 
|
22 February 1801 (Lahore) | 5 November 1840 (Lahore) | 27 June 1839 | 8 October 1839 | 103 days | Son of Ranjit Singh | Poisoning |
| 3 | Maharaja Nau Nihal Singh | 
|
11 February 1820 (Lahore) | 6 November 1840 (Lahore) | 8 October 1839 | 6 November 1840 | 1 year, 29 days | Son of Kharak Singh | Assassinated |
| 4 | Maharani Chand Kaur |
|
1802 (Fatehgarh Churian) | 11 June 1842 (Lahore) | 6 November 1840 | 18 January 1841 | 73 days | Wife of Kharak Singh and the only female ruler of Sikh Empire | Abdicated |
| 5 | Maharaja Sher Singh | 
|
4 December 1807 (Batala) | 15 September 1843 (Lahore) | 18 January 1841 | 15 September 1843 | 2 years, 240 days | Son of Ranjit Singh | Assassinated |
| 6 | Maharaja Duleep Singh | 
|
6 September 1838 (Lahore) | 22 October 1893 (Paris) | 15 September 1843 | 16 March 1846 | 2 years, 182 days | Son of Ranjit Singh | Exiled |
State of Jammu and Kashmir (1846 – 1952)
[edit]| Title | Personal Name | Reign |
|---|---|---|
| Maharaja | Gulab Singh | 16 March 1846 – 20 February 1856 |
| Maharaja | Ranbir Singh | 20 February 1856 – 12 September 1885 |
| Maharaja | Pratap Singh | 12 September 1885 – 23 September 1925 |
| Maharaja | Hari Singh | 12 September 1925 – 17 November 1952 |
See also
[edit]- List of Indian monarchs
- History of Kashmir
- Martand Sun Temple
- Lalitaditya Muktapida
- Rajatarangini & Kalhan
- Gonanda dynasty
References
[edit]- ^ Stein, M.A. (1900). Kalhaņa's Rājatarańgiņī, A Chronicle of the Kings of Kaśmīr. Westminster: Archibald Constable. pp. 133–138.
- ^ a b Pillai, P. Govinda (4 October 2022). The Bhakti Movement: Renaissance or Revivalism?. Taylor & Francis. p. 150. ISBN 978-1-000-78039-0.
- ^ Hasan, Mohibbul (2005) [1959]. Kashmir Under the Sultans (Reprinted ed.). Delhi: Aakar Books. p. 325. ISBN 978-81-87879-49-7. Retrieved 17 January 2013.
- ^ "The COININDIA Coin Galleries: Sultans of Kashmir".