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List of legendary creatures in Hindu mythology

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This is a list of legendary creatures from Indian folklore, including those from Vedic and Hindu mythology, sorted by their classification or affiliation.

Creatures associated with animals

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Invertebrates

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Bees

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Bhramari devi goddess of the black bees
  • Bhramari is 'the Goddess of bees' or 'the Goddess of black bees'. She is associated with bees, hornets and wasps, which cling to her body.

Scorpions

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  • Ájakava - a poisonous scorpion mentioned in the Rig Veda.
  • Chelamma, a Scorpion Goddess, native to southern Karnataka.

Matsya

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Main article: Matsya
Matsya avatara, first incarnation of Vishnu
  • Matsya is the first avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu in the form of a fish.[1]
  • Timingila is a huge aquatic creature that can swallow whole whales in one bite.

Matsyāṅganā

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Main articles: Mermaid and Merman
  • Suvannamaccha is a daughter of Tosakanth (Ravana) appearing in the Thai and other Southeast Asian versions of Ramayana.[2] She is a mermaid princess who tries to spoil Hanuman's plans to build a bridge to Lanka but falls in love with him instead.[3]
  • Macchanu is the son of Hanuman in the Cambodian, Thai and other versions of the Ramayana, and who looked like a vanara from the waist-up but had the tail of a fish.

Frog

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  • Bheki is the name given to a frog that symbolizes the sun on the horizon in Hindu legend.

Reptiles

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Kūrma

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Main article: Kūrma
Further information: Makara (Hindu mythology)
The Second Incarnation of Vishnu as Kurma 'The Tortoise' The Churning of the Ocean (paint on paper)
  • In Hinduism, Kurma is the second Avatar of Vishnu, in the form of a turtle.[4][5]
  • The World Turtle in Hindu belief is known as Akupāra, or sometimes Chukwa, a chiranjeevi.[6]
  • Bedawang or Bedawang Nala is a giant turtle in Balinese mythology who brought the whole world on his back. In the creation mythology of the world, it represents a change from Antaboga. He along with two dragons support the human world. If he moves, there will be earthquakes and volcanic eruptions on earth.
Varunadeva

Sarpa

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See also: Serpent (symbolism)
Vritra try to eat indra
  • Antaboga is the world serpent of traditional Javanese mythology. It is a derivative from the Hindu Ananta Shesha combined with Javanese animism.
  • Gogaji also known as Jahar Veer Gogga is a folk deity, worshiped in the northern states of India. He is a warrior-hero of the region, venerated as a saint and a 'snake-god'. He is worshiped as a veer amongst Hindus.
  • Ketu is an Asura who has the lower parts of a snake and said to have four arms.
  • Nagnechiya Maa (Nagnechi Ma, Nagnechia Ma), a snake goddess, is the kuldevi of Rathore, a Suryavanshi Rajput clan of India, as well as Brahmbhatts (who are also Vaitalik Kaumudik Bramhins),
  • Patanjali is a snake footed rishi.
  • Rahu is the severed head of an asura called Svarbhānu, that swallows the sun causing eclipses. He is depicted in art as a serpent with no body riding a chariot drawn by eight black horses.
  • Vritra or Ahi is a serpent or dragon, the personification of drought and adversary of Indra.

Nāgas

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Main article: Nāga
See also: Snake worship § India
Vasuki in Sagar Manthan
  • The Naga is an entity or being, taking the form of a very great snake — specifically the king cobra. A female nāga is a nāgī or nāgiṇī. Notable nagas.
    • Astika is half Brahmin and half naga, son of Manasa.
    • Kaliya, a snake conquered by Krishna.
    • Karkotaka controls weather
    • Manasā, also Mansa Devi, is a Hindu folk goddess of snakes, sister of Vasuki and wife of sage Jagatkāru (Jaratkāru).
    • Paravataksha, his sword causes earthquakes and his roar caused thunder.
    • Surasa is a Hindu goddess, who is described as the mother of the nagas (serpents).[7]
    • Susna is a horned serpent-demon who aids the Asuras in their war against the Deva. The serpent also guards the essence of Amrita in its stomach. Susna is also associated with drought.
    • Shesha is the nagaraja or king of all nāgas. The snake on whom Vishnu is in yoga nidra (Ananta shayana).[8]
    • Takshaka is mentioned as a King of the Nagas.
    • Ulupi, a companion of Arjuna in the epic Mahabharata
    • Vasuki is a nagaraja, one of the King serpents, who coils over Shiva's neck.[9]

Pannaga

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Further information: Naga Kingdom § Naga races

A race related to the Nagas and Uragas, born of Kadru, sister of Surasa.

Uraga

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Further information: Naga Kingdom § Naga races

A race related to the Nagas and Pannagas, born of Kadru, sister of Surasa.

Pakshin

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Karura of Kofukuji
  • Byangoma (feminine Byangomi) are legendary birds of Bengali mythology, appearing most notably in the fairytales of Thakurmar Jhuli, where they are portrayed as wise, fortune-telling birds that help the deserving.
  • Gandabherunda (also known as the Bherunda) is a two-headed mythological bird of Hindu beliefs thought to possess magical strength.
  • Homa Pakshi (a Vedic bird). It lays eggs while flying in the sky and then the egg will fall. As it is falling, a bird will hatch from the egg. The hatchling then learns how to fly without touching the earth.
The death of Bakasura the crane (6124594523)
  • The Karura is a divine creature with human torso and birdlike head in Japanese Hindu-Buddhist faith.

Baka

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  • Bagala - A crane-headed god in Hindu legend, Bagala controls black magic, poisons and disguised forms of death.
  • Krauncha - A crane mentioned in the Ramayana.
  • Nadijangha - The name of a crane, who was liked by Brahma very much. His story was told by Bhishma to Dharmaraja.
Garuda (Vishnu's bird mount) with Krishna and Balarama.

Gṛdha

Sampati's found by Vanaras
  • Vultures who were the sons of Aruna, brother of Garuda.
    • Sampati, the King of Vultures, was the oldest son of Aruṇa and a brother of Jatayu.
    • Jatayu is the youngest son of Aruna, brother of Sampati.

Haṁsa

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Main article: Hamsa (bird)
  • The hamsa (Sanskrit: हंस, haṃsa or hansa) is an aquatic bird of passage, such as a goose or a swan. Its icon is used in Indian and Southeast Asian culture as a spiritual symbol and a decorative element. Hamsa is a part of the mythical love story of Nala and Damayanti. The hamsa is the vahana of Brahma & Saraswathi.
    • Arayanna, or heavenly hamsa (swans), are said to live in Manasasaras in the Himalayas.

Kāka

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  • Chanda, a crow, is the father of Bhusunda and his twenty brothers (Bhusunda and his brothers were born from the union of Chanda and the seven swans of the Goddess Brahmi).
  • Bhusunda or Kakabhushundi is a very old sage, in the form of a crow. In the Story of Bhusunda, a chapter of the Yoga Vasistha, Bhusunda recalls a succession of epochs in the earth's history, as described in Hindu cosmology. He survived several destructions, living on a wish-fulfilling tree on Mount Meru.

Kukkuṭaśāva

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Mayura

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Main article: Mayura (mythology)
Saraswati with Citramekhala
  • Citramekhala is the mayura of Saraswathi, Goddess of learning and wisdom.
  • Paravani is the mayura vahana of Murugan, the God of War.

Sarngika

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  • Jarita was a certain female bird of the species called Sarngika. She was wife of saint Mandapala.

Shuka

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Shyena

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Main article: Shyena (Hinduism)
  • Shyena (Sanskrit: श्येन ) is the divine hawk identified with Agni, who ascends to heaven for bringing soma (nectar) to earth with the intention of rejuvenating and revitalizing of all things that exist on earth.

Suparna

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Raja Ravi Varma, Lord Garuda

The Garuda is a large bird-like creature, or humanoid bird. Garuda is the mount (vahana) of the Lord Vishnu. According to the Mahabharata, Garuda had six sons from whom were descended the race of birds.

  • Sumukha
  • Suvarna
  • Subala
  • Sunaama
  • Sunethra
  • Suvarcha

Tittiri

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  • Chakora, a kind of partridge, is a legendary bird described in Hindu faiths. It is believed to reside upon the beams of the moon, that is, the Chandra.
  • Kapinjala, a partridge associated with Indra, or a form of Indra.

Uluka

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  • Pravirakarna - Is a chiranjeevi owl who lives in the Himalayas.
  • Uluka - The owl of Lakshmi.

Mushika

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  • Mushika - the rat mount of Ganesha. Ganesha is very careful about his mount Mushika and also his safety
Ganesh on his vahana, a mouse or rat

Gaja or Hastin

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Main articles: Gaja and Hastin
  • Erawan (Thai: เอราวัณ, from Pāḷi Erāvana, or Sanskrit Airāvana) is the Thai version of Airavata. He is depicted as a huge elephant with either three or sometimes thirty-three heads which are often shown with more than two tusks.
  • Gajamina Gadjamina, Gaja minah, or Eon is an elephant headed mythical figure with the body of a fish used for patulangan sarcophagi in Bali,
  • The Gajasimha is a mythical animal with the body of a lion and the head of an elephant. At Angkor, it is portrayed as a guardian of temples and as a mount for some warriors.
  • Gajasura is an elephant demon killed by Shiva, in his Gajasurasamhara form.
  • Gajendra the elephant, was rescued by Vishnu from the clutches of Huhu, the Crocodile in the legend of Gajendra Moksha.
  • Ganesha also known as Ganapati and Vinayaka, the elephant headed God.
  • Iravati is a daughter of Kadru and Kasyapa. She is the mother of Airavata, the mount of Indra. She is also associated with a sacred river.
  • In a tale about Ganesha's birth, the elephant-headed demoness Malini gives birth to Ganesha after drinking the bath-water of Parvati, Ganesha's mother.
  • In Hindu beliefs there were three elephants by the name Supratika. The foremost among them is listed as one of the Diggajas, each representing the eight quarters. The Hindu epic Mahabharata describes two more elephants by the same name – a mythical elephant that was an incarnation of a sage, and the one that belonged to Bhagadatta, the king of Pragjyotisha.
  • Vinayaki is an elephant-headed Hindu goddess, a Matrika. The goddess is generally associated with the elephant-headed god of wisdom, Ganesha.

Diggajas

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Main article: World-elephants
See also: Dikpala
Indradeva on Airavata
  • The Amarakosha, a thesaurus of Sanskrit, mentions the names of eight male elephants, and their respective consorts, that bear the world together.
    • Airavata is a mythological white elephant who carries the Hindu God Indra. He also represents the Eastern direction, the quarter of Indra. Abhramu is the consort of Airavata.
    • Pundarika, carries the Hindu god Yama. He reprents the Southeast. Kapila is the consort of Pundarika.
    • Vamana and his mate Pingala guard the South with an unspecified god.
    • Kumunda (Southwest) and his mate Anupama, with the god Surya.
    • Anjana and his mate Añjanā guards the West with the god Varuna.
    • Pushpa-danta and his mate Subhadanti guards the Northwest with the god Vayu.
    • Sarva-bhauma represents the North, the quarter of Kubera. His mate is Tāmrakarna.
    • Supratika represents the North-east direction, the quarter of Soma. Anjanavati is believed to be the wife of Supratika.
  • Four names are given in the Ramayana 1.41:
    • Viru-paksha - East
    • Maha-padma - South
    • Saumanas - West
    • Bhadra - North

Kapi

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  • Kapi is a form of monkey, especially used to represent Hanuman, as may be seen in the lines of the devotional hymn Hanuman Chalisa: "jaya kapīsa tihun loka ujāgara" ("Victory to the Lord who is supreme among the monkeys, The light of the three worlds ..."[10]) [Emphasis added.]
Vanaras are building a Bridge to Sri Lanka

Vanara

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Varāha

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Main article: Varāha
Varaha Avatar of Vishnu kills Hiranyakshan.
  • Emūsha - In the Brāhmana, a boar which raised up the earth, represented as black and with a hundred arms (probably the germ of the Varaha avatara).
  • Varaha is the third avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu in the form of a boar.
  • Varahi is one of the Matrikas. With the head of a sow, Varahi is the consort of Varaha.

Hariṇa

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  • Pashupati (Sanskrit Paśupati) is an incarnation of the Hindu god Shiva as "lord of the animals".
  • Rishyasringa was a boy born with the horns of a deer in Hindu-Buddhist faiths, who became a seer.

Gō

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Further information: Cattle in religion and mythology § In Indian religions

Paśu

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See also: Pashupati
  • Ushas are associated with the reddish cows, and are released by Indra from the Vala cave at the beginning of time.
  • Vrishabha - A cow-headed Yogini, who is considered to be the mother of Ganesha.

Kamadhenu

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Main article: Kamadhenu
Kamadhenu, the cow of plenty
  • Kamadhenu also known as Surabhi, is a bovine-goddess described in Hinduism as the mother of all cows. She is a miraculous "cow of plenty" who provides her owner whatever he desires and is often portrayed as the mother of other cattle as well as the eleven Rudras. The following are the offspring of Kamadhenu.

Dikpalis

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See also: Kamadhenu § Abodes

The guardian cow goddesses of the heavenly quarters (they are the 4 daughters of Kamadhenu according to the Udyoga Parva, fifth book of the Mahabharata):

  1. Dhenu in the north
  2. Harhsika in the south
  3. Saurabhi in the east
  4. Subhadra in the west

Vṛṣabha

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  • Bir Kuar or Birkuar, also known as Birnath, is a Hindu cattle-god worshipped by the herder-class of Ahirs of western Bihar in India. He is considered to be a form of the god, Krishna.
  • Nandi, or Nandikeshvara is the name for the bull which serves as the mount of the god Shiva and as the gatekeeper of Shiva and Parvati.

Mahiṣa

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Unknown (Indian) - Durga in Combat with the Bull, Mahishasuras
  • Mahishasura; According to Hindu beliefs, Mahishasura was a combination of both an Asura and a mahisha ("water buffalo"), with a trident.
  • Mahishi - The sister of Mahishasura. After the death of Mahishasura, Mahishi continued the war against Devas.
  • Mhasoba, is a horned buffalo deity of pastoral tribes in Western and Southern India.
  • Paundraka is the name of the buffalo of Yama.

Aja

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See also: Markandeya
  • Aja - A "He-goat" sacred to Pushan. Holds a prominent position in death rites; it shows the path to the dead.
  • Ajaikapala - A boy, whom was begotten by the grace of Shankara. He had one foot of a man and the other of a goat. He overcame death as a child and is known as 'Mrityunjya'.
  • Daksha - His head was replaced by a goat's after a beheading.
  • Naigamesha also known as Harinegameshi, is a goat-headed or deer-headed deity (associated with the war-god Kartikeya).
  • Pūṣan - a Vedic guardian of flocks and herds.

Ashva

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Main article: Ashva
Further information: History of the horse in South Asia
  • The Ashvins, in Hindu belief, are two Vedic gods, divine twin horsemen in the Rigveda, sons of Saranyu, a goddess of the clouds and wife of Surya in his form as Vivasvant. They are represented as humans with the heads of horses.
  • Badavā - 'A mare, the submarine fire.' In belief, it is a flame with the head of a horse, called also Haya-siras.
  • Dadhi-krā is the name of a divine horse or bird, personification of the morning Sun.
  • Devadatta - The white horse of Kalki.
  • Gandharvi, daughter of Kamadhenu, and is the mother of horses (according to the Ramayana).
  • Farasi Bahari - These are magical green Water Horses that live at the bottom of the Indian Ocean. They are depicted as a horse in its forepart, with a coiling, scaly, fish-like hindquarter.
  • Hayagriva, also spelt Hayagreeva, is a horse-headed avatar of the Lord Vishnu in Hinduism.
  • Keshi is the horse-demon, healed by Krishna.
  • Kinnara In Hindu faith, a kinnara is a paradigmatic lover, a celestial musician, half-human and half-horse.
  • Tārkṣya is the name of a mythical being in the Rigveda, described as a horse with the epithet áriṣṭa-nemi "with intact wheel-rims".
  • Tumburu is a horse faced Ghandarva, a celestial musician.
  • Uchchaihshravas is a seven-headed flying horse, that was obtained during the churning of the milk ocean. Uchchaihshravas is often described as a vahana ("vehicle") of Indra - the god-king of heaven, but is also recorded to be the horse of Bali, the king of demons.
  • White horse (mythology) White horses appear many times in Hindu faith.

Khaḍgin

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Macedonians are attacked by Odontotyrannos in India
  • The Karkadann (from kargadan, Persian: كرگدن "Lord of the Desert") was a mythical creature said to live on the grassy plains of India and Persia. The word kargadan also means rhinoceros in Persian and Arabic.
  • Odontotyrannos ("tooth-tyrant") is a three horned beast said to have attacked Alexander the Great and his men at their camp in India. It had a black, horse-like head, with three horns protruding from its forehead, and exceeded the size of an elephant.
  • The Unicorn is a legendary creature that has been described since antiquity as a beast with a large, pointed, spiraling horn projecting from its forehead. The unicorn was depicted in ancient seals of the Indus Valley Civilization and was mentioned by the ancient Greeks in accounts of natural history by various writers, including Ctesias, Strabo, Pliny the Younger, and Aelian. The Bible also describes an animal, the re'em, which some versions translate as unicorn.

Shvan

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Main article: Shvan
Rakta Bhairava
  • Ruru - a dog; one of the Bhairavas, a manifestation of Shiva.
  • In Hindu faith, Sarama is a mythological being referred to as the dog of the gods, or Deva-shuni.
  • Sarameya (literally, "sons of Sarama") are the children of Sarama, whose names are Shyama and Sabala.
  • Sharvara is an ancient Hindu mythical dog belonging to Yama.
  • Sisara is the husband of Sarama, father of the Sarameya.

Mahabidala

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Vishnu's half-man half-lion avatar, Narasimha
  • Budhi Pallien is a fearsome goddess of forests and jungles, who roams northern India, particularly Assam, in the form of a tiger.
  • Kimpurusha were described to be lion-headed beings.
  • Narasiṃha is an avatar of the Hindu god Vishnu, and is often visualised as having a human torso and lower body, with a lion face and claws.
  • Dawon is a sacred tiger (sometimes drawn as a lion), it was offered by gods to serve goddess Durga or Parvati as mount for rewarding her victory.
  • Narasimhi (Sanskrit: नारसिंहीं, Nārasiṃhī), power of Narasimha (lion-man form of Vishnu), is a woman-lion and throws the stars into disarray by shaking her lion mane.
  • Manasthala is the lion vahana of Durga who was known as the asura Simhamukha in his previous life.
  • Pratyangira or sometimes called Prathyangira, Narasimhi or Narashimhika, is a Hindu Goddess described with a lioness's face and a human body.
  • Simhamukha is a lion faced demon, brother of Surapadman who later was transformed into the vahana of Durga due to his bravery in fighting the god, Muruga.
  • Vyaghrapada, that is, one having the feet like a tiger, was one of the mythical rishis (sage) of ancient India.

Bidala

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Bhallūka

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Jambavan

The Rikṣā are described as something like Vanaras but in later versions of Ramayana, Rikṣā are described as bears. Notable Rikṣās are as follows:

  • Jambavan (or Jamvanta) is a character originating in Indian epic poetry. The King of the Bears, he is an Asiatic or sloth bear in Indian epic tradition.
  • Jambavati is the daughter of Jambavan, King of the Bears, and the third wife of Krishna.

Yuyukkhura

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  • The Crocotta (or corocotta, crocuta, or leucrocotta), is a mythical dog-wolf of India or Ethiopia, linked to the hyena and said to be a deadly enemy of men and dogs.

Therianthropes

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See also: Shapeshifting
  • Ichchhadhari Nag or Naagin is a mythical shape-shifting cobra in Indian folklore.
  • Ailuranthropes (werecats), the weretiger - In India, the weretiger is often a dangerous sorcerer, portrayed as a menace to livestock, who might at any time turn to man-eating. These tales travelled through the rest of India and into Persia through travellers who encountered the royal Bengal tigers of India and then further west.
  • Hemaraj - The hemaraj is a creature found in Thai and possibly South Asian(Indian) faith. It is said to be the combination of a hem (an ill-defined creature in and of itself; usually likened to a swan but sometimes depicted more like a crocodilian) and a lion.
  • Makara is a sea-creature in Hindu faith. Makara is the vahana (vehicle) of Ganga - the goddess of the river Ganges and the sea god Varuna.[11][12] It is also the insignia of the love god Kamadeva.

In the epic Ramayana, the Makara is responsible for the birth of Lord Hanuman's son, Makardhwaja.

  • Navagunjara is a creature composed of nine different animals. The beast is considered a form of the Hindu god Vishnu, or of Krishna, who is considered an Avatar (incarnation) of Vishnu.
  • Panchamukhi Hanuman Hanuman assumed the Panchamukhi or five-faced form to kill Ahiravana. He assumes a vanara's head, a lion's head, an eagle's head, a boar's head and a horse's head.
  • Reachisey is a mythical animal, with the head of a lion, a short elephantine trunk, and the scaly body of a dragon. It occurs at Angkor Wat in the epic bas reliefs of the outer gallery.
  • Rompo is a mythological beast with the head of a hare, the ears of a human, a mane, a slender body, the front arms of a badger, and the rear legs of a bear. It feeds only on human corpses and it is said to croon softly as it eats.
  • Vaikuntha Chaturmurti or Vaikuntha Vishnu is a four-headed aspect of the Hindu god Vishnu, mostly found in Kashmir (northern part of the Indian subcontinent). He has a human head, a lion head, a boar head and a demonic head.
  • Yali also known as Vyala or Vidala in Sanskrit) is a mythical creature seen in many Hindu temples, often sculpted onto the pillars. It may be portrayed as part-lion, part-elephant and part-horse, and in similar shapes
  • Sharabha is a part-lion and part-bird beast in Hindu mythology, who, according to Sanskrit literature, is eight-legged and more powerful than a lion or an elephant, possessing the ability to clear a valley in one jump.

Devas, Adaityas and Spirits

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Abhutarajas

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  • A class of 10 gods of the Raivata Manvantara, the 5th. It is also called Abhutarayas.

Adyas

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Angiris

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Main article: Angiris
  • The Angiris (or Angiras) are a group of celestial beings who are descendants of the Fire God Agni and the Goddess Agnayi, and responsible for watching over humans performing Yagna (sacrifices) and protecting the sacrificial fires
Arjuna and Urvasee (Urvashi)

Apsara

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Main article: Apsara

Asura

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Main article: Asura
  • The Asuras are mythological lord beings in Indian texts who compete for power with the more benevolent devas.

Bhuta

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Main article: Bhoot (ghost)
A benevolent Brahmadaitya saving a poor Brahmin man from a group of Bhoot' (ghosts)
  • Acheri is the ghost or spirit of a little girl who was either murdered or abused and left to die.
  • Aleya (or marsh ghost-light) is the name given to an unexplained strange light phenomena occurring over the marshes as observed in Bengal.
  • Chir Batti, Chhir Batti or Cheer batti is a ghost light reported in the Banni grasslands, a seasonal marshy wetlands and adjoining desert of the marshy salt flats of the Rann of Kutch.

Dakini

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Main article: Dakini
See also: Daayan
  • The dakini appeared in medieval legends in India (such as in the Bhagavata Purana, Brahma Purana, Markandeya Purana and Kathasaritsagara) as a demoness in the train of Kali who feeds on human flesh. The masculine form is known as Daka.

Gana

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Main article: Gana
The wife of one of the vasus is tempted to steal the wish-bearing cow
  • The Ganas or Gana-Devatas are the troops of deities, attendants of Shiva and live on Gana-parvata i.e., Kailasa. Ganesha was chosen as their leader by Shiva, hence Ganesha's title gaṇeśa or gaṇapati, "lord or leader of the ganas". The nine classes of Ganas are:
    • Adityas
    • Viswe-devas
    • Vasus
    • Tushitas (also Ája)
    • Abhaswaras; The "Shining Ones". A class of deities, 64 in number. They inhabit an ethereal world and preside over spiritual enlightenment.
    • Anila
    • Maharajikas; a class of subordinate deities in the order of 220 or 236.
    • Sadhyas; a class of minor Hindu gods who guard the rites and prayers of the greater gods.
    • Rudras

Gandharva

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Main article: Gandharva
Kabandha tells Rama and Laksmana how he came to have his hideous form
  • The Gandharvas are male nature spirits, husbands of the Apsaras. Some are part animal, usually a bird or horse.
    • Chitrasena, a character in the Indian epic Mahabharata, was a Gandharva king who taught song and dance to Arjuna.
    • Kabandha was a gandharva named Vishvavasu or Danu, who was cursed and made into an ugly, carnivorous demon by Indra, and was killed and liberated by Rama.
    • Tumburu, a well-known Gandharva.

Guhyaka

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Main article: Guhyaka
  • Guhyaka(s) (गुह्यक, literally "hidden ones") is a class of supernatural beings in Hindu faith. Like Yakshas (nature-spirits), they are often described as attendants of Kubera.

Kimpurusha

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Main article: Kimpurusha Kingdom
  • Kimpurusha were described to be lion-headed beings.

Kindeva

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Main article: Kindeva
  • Kindeva are a race of human-like beings mentioned in the Hindu Puranas. They are said to have a human-like appearance, but also deva-like qualities, hence the term kindeva.

Kinnara

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Main article: Kinnara
  • In Hindu mythology and Buddhist mythology, a kinnara is a paradigmatic lover, a celestial musician, half-human, half-horse/half-bird. The Kinnaris are the female counterpart of Kinnaras.
Kinnaras
Kumbhanda
Main article: Kumbhanda
  • A Kumbhāṇḍa (Sanskrit) or Kumbhaṇḍa (Pāli) is one of a group of dwarfish, misshapen spirits among the lesser deities of Buddhist mythology.

Naga

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Main article: Nāga

Panis

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  • The Panis are a class of demons in the Rigveda. The Panis appear in RV 10.108 as watchers over stolen cows.

Pishacha

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Main article: Pishachas
  • The Pishachas are flesh-eating demons according to Hindu faith.

Preta

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Main article: Preta
  • Preta is the Sanskrit name for a type of supernatural being described in some Indian religions as undergoing suffering greater than that of humans, particularly an extreme level of hunger and thirst.

Rakshasa

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Main article: Rakshasas
Kumbhakarna yawns as he is roused from sleep;

Riksha

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Main article: Jambavan

Suparna

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Main article: Garuda

Vanara

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Main article: Vanara

Vetala

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Main article: Vetala
Vetal
  • Chedipe is a witch-vampire in the folklore of the region around the Godavari River in India. They are associated with the devadasis, girls who were dedicated to a Hindu temple god and were often treated as temple prostitutes.
  • Churel is a female ghost of South Asian folklore. The word "churel" is also used colloquially for a witch. Women who die in childbirth or pregnancy due to the negligence of her in-laws or relatives are often described turning into churels, who return to seek their vendetta and suck the blood of their male relatives.
  • Pichal Peri (Persian: پیچھل‌ پری) or churail (Urdu: چڑیل) (meaning back footed in Urdu language) is an unexplained entity that is a popular topic for ghost stories in Central and South Asia.

Vidyadhara

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Main article: Vidyadhara
Vidyadhara
  • Vidyadhara are a group of supernatural beings in Indian religions who possess magical powers. They are considered as Upadevas, semi- gods, and essentially spirits of the air. A female Vidyadhara is known as a Vidyadhari.

Vinayakas

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Main article: Vinayakas
  • The Vinayakas were a group of four troublesome demons who created obstacles and difficulties in Hindu faith, but who were easily propitiated.

Yaksha

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Main article: Yaksha
Kubera, Lord of Yakshas
  • Yaksha is the name of a broad class of nature-spirits, usually benevolent, who are caretakers of the natural treasures hidden in the earth and tree roots. They appear in Hindu, Jain and Buddhist texts. The feminine form of the word is yakṣī.

Yakshini

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Main article: Yakshini
  • Yakshini (Yakshi) is the female counterpart of the male Yaksha, and they are attendees of Kubera. Although Yakshinis are usually benevolent, there are also yakshinis with malevolent characteristics in Indian folklore.
    • Kalliyankattu Neeli, a powerful demoness who was finally destroyed by Suryakaladi nambudiri.
    • Kanjirottu Yakshi (Chiruthevi) is a folkloric vampire. She was born into an affluent Padamangalam Nair tharavad by name Mangalathu at Kanjiracode in Southern Travancore (now in Tamil Nadu). She was a ravishingly beautiful courtesan who had an intimate relationship with Raman Thampi, son of King Rama Varma.
    • Tatakā or Taraka (ताड़का) was a Yaksha princess-turned-demoness in the epic Ramayana.

Yogini

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Main article: Yogini
  • In Sanskrit literature, the yoginis have been represented as the attendants or various manifestations of Durga engaged in fighting with the demons Shumbha and Nishumbha, and the principal yoginis are identified with the Matrikas. There are sixty-four or eighty-one Yoginis (Tantric goddesses).

Others

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Nam Mahatya - Vishnu rescues Azamila
  • Chiranjivi are seven immortal living beings in Hinduism who are to remain alive on Earth until the end of the current Kali Yuga.
  • Dvarapala is a door or gate guardian often portrayed as a warrior or fearsome giant, usually armed with a weapon - the most common being the gadha mace.
  • Nairrata are demon soldiers of Kubera's army, described to have defeated king Mucukunda.
  • Vālakhilyas were great sages, 60,000 in number, born of the parents Kratu and Kriyādevī. They were of the size of a thumb.
  • Vishnuduta are the messengers of Vishnu.
  • Yamaduta are the messengers of Death.

Human races

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Indra, The king of Devas
  • The Astomi are an ancient legendary race of people who had no need to eat or drink anything at all. They survived by smelling apples and flowers. Megasthenes and Pliny the Elder (quoting Megasthenes) mentioned these people in his Indica. Megasthenes located them at the mouth of the river Ganges.
  • The Calingae or Calingi, according to ancient accounts, were a race of extremely short-lived people in India. According to Pliny the Elder they had a lifespan of only eight years.
  • The Deva are a mythical people of Sri Lanka according to the Sanskrit epics. According to the Mahavamsa and Ramayana they lived among the Naga, Yakkha and Raskha. They ousted their arch enemies the Raskha from Sri Lanka, with the help of Lord Vishnu. They were then subsequently conquered by King Ravana of the Raskha.
  • Eka-pāda 'One-footed' A fabulous race of men spoken of in the puranas.
  • The Macrocephali in Medieval bestiaries were a race of humanoids with large heads. Some sources indicate that they may have come from India.
  • Mandi, The Mandi, according to Pliny the Elder, are a short-lived people from India.
  • Monopods are mythological human creatures with a single, large foot extending from a leg centered in the middle of their bodies. They are described by Pliny the Elder in his Natural History, where he reports travelers' stories from encounters or sightings of Monopods in India. Pliny remarks that they are first mentioned by Ctesias in his book Indika (India).

Monsters

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  • Ihamrga is the representation of fabulous creatures in Hindu faith.
  • Kala is a ferocious monster symbolic of time in its all-devouring aspect and associated with the destructive side of the god Shiva.
  • Kirtimukha is the name of a swallowing fierce monster face with huge fangs, and gaping mouth, quite common in the iconography of Indian and Southeast Asian temple architecture.

See also

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References

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  1. ^ Hindu Temple, Somnathpur
  2. ^ Satyavrat Sastri (2006). Discovery of Sanskrit Treasures: Epics and Puranas. Yash Publications. p. 77. ISBN 978-81-89537-04-3. Retrieved 2012-07-24.
  3. ^ S.N. Desai (2005). Hinduism in Thai Life. Popular Prakashan. p. 135. ISBN 978-81-7154-189-8. Retrieved 2012-07-24.
  4. ^ "Hinduism - Shiva Parvati". msu.edu. Archived from the original on 28 September 2012. Retrieved 5 October 2015.
  5. ^ Gopal, Madan (1990). K.S. Gautam (ed.). India through the ages. Publication Division, Ministry of Information and Broadcasting, Government of India. p. 74.
  6. ^ Toke L. Knudsen, Indology mailing list.
  7. ^ Abel, Ernest L. (2014-12-09). Intoxication in Mythology: A Worldwide Dictionary of Gods, Rites, Intoxicants and Places. McFarland. ISBN 978-1-4766-0637-8.
  8. ^ Bhāgavata Purāṇa 10.1.24
  9. ^ Bhāgavata Purāṇa 3.26.25
  10. ^ Lutgendorf, Philip (2007). "Appendix: Two Poems in Praise of Hanuman". Hanuman's Tale: The messages of a divine monkey. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 397–401. ISBN 978-0-19-530921-8.
  11. ^ Robert Beer (10 September 2003). The handbook of Tibetan Buddhist symbols. Serindia Publications, Inc. pp. 77–. ISBN 978-1-932476-03-3. Retrieved 17 January 2011.
  12. ^ George Mason Williams (2003). Handbook of Hindu mythology. ABC-CLIO. pp. 294–. ISBN 978-1-57607-106-9. Retrieved 17 January 2011.
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