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List of international trips made by Mikhail Gorbachev

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Mikhail Gorbachev

Former General Secretary of the CPSU
Former President of the Soviet Union

Secretariate (1985–1991)

Presidency (1990–1991)

Foreign policy

Post-leadership

Mikhail Gorbachev's signature

Media gallery

Gorbachev at the Brandenburg Gate in April 1986
Gorbachev addressing UN General Assembly session, 1988
Ronald and Nancy Reagan, as well as the Gorbachevs in the Cross Hall of the White House before a state dinner, 8 December 1987

This is a list of international trips made by Mikhail Gorbachev as the eighth and last leader of the Soviet Union. In this role he was General Secretary of the Communist Party from 1985 until 1991 as well as Chairman of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet from 1988 to 1989 and President of the Soviet Union from 1990 to 1991.

Summary of visits

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1985

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The closing joint-press conference of the Geneva Summit, 21 November 1985

The following are the international trips made by Gorbachev in 1985:

Country Areas visited Date(s) Details
 France Paris 2–5 October[1] Met with President François Mitterrand.[2]
 Netherlands The Hague 2 November [3]
Switzerland Switzerland Geneva 19–21 November See Geneva Summit (1985)
 Bulgaria Sofia 8 December Warsaw Pact summit[4]

1986

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President Reagan and Gorbachev outside Höfði in Reykjavík

The following are the international trips made by Gorbachev in 1986:

Country Areas visited Date(s) Details
 East Germany East Berlin 17–21 April 11th Congress of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany[5][6]
 Hungary Budapest 8-12 June State visit and Warsaw Pact summit.[7][8][9][10][11]
 Poland Warsaw 29 June – 3 July State visit[12]
 Iceland Reykjavík 11–12 October See Reykjavík Summit[13]
 Austria Vienna October Working visit[14]
 India New Delhi 25–28 November [15][16][17][18][19]

1987

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The following are the international trips made by Gorbachev in 1987:

Country Cities visited Date(s) Details
 Czechoslovakia Prague
Bratislava 		9–12 April State visit.[20] It was postponed for four days due to Gorbachev having a "cold".[21][22] This also caused him to end his trip a day early so he could get a some rest before meeting with Secretary James Baker of the US the following week.[23]
 France Paris May State visit[24]
Socialist Republic of Romania Romania Bucharest 25–28 May [25][26][27][28][29][30]
 United Kingdom RAF Brize Norton, Oxfordshire 7 December En route to Washington, D.C.
 United States Washington, D.C. 7–10 December Signing of the Intermediate-Range Nuclear Forces (INF) Treaty. See Washington Summit (1987).[31]

1988

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Gorbachev (right) and his spouse Raisa Gorbacheva after a meeting in Wawel Castle during a visit to Poland, July 1988

The following are the international trips made by Gorbachev in 1988:

Country Locations visited Date(s) Details
 Yugoslavia Belgrade
Dubrovnik[32]
Brdo pri Kranju[33] 		14-19 March State visit.[34][35][36]
 Poland Warsaw
Kraków
Szczecin 		11–17 July State visit[37] and Warsaw Pact summit[38][39][40][41]
 India New Delhi 17–21 November [42][43]
 United States New York City 7–8 December Gorbachev left the Warsaw Pact Summit early due to the 1988 Spitak earthquake which struck the Armenian S.S.R. that same day.[44] See Governors Island Summit.

1989

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The following are the international trips made by Gorbachev in 1989:

Country Areas visited Date(s) Details
 Ireland Shannon, County Clare 2 April Stopover visit en route to Cuba. Met with Taoiseach Charles Haughey and Tánaiste Brian Lenihan Snr at Shannon Airport.[45][46]
 Cuba Havana 2–5 April State visit[47][48][49][50][51]
 United Kingdom London 6–8 April He was also received at Heathrow Airport by Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher with full military honors provided by the Queen's Colour Squadron.[52] He was also received with full military honors from the Coldstream Guards at Windsor Castle with Queen Elizabeth II.[53]
 China Beijing 15–18 May See 1989 Sino-Soviet Summit[54][55][56]
 West Germany Bonn 12–16 June [57][58][59]
 France Paris
Strasbourg 		4–6 July [60][61][62][63][64][65]
 East Germany East Berlin 6–7 October Attended the GDR's ruby jubilee military parade and celebrations.[66][67][59]
 Finland Helsinki
Oulu 		25–27 October State visit. Met with President Mauno Koivisto and Prime Minister Harri Holkeri[68][69][70]
 Vatican Vatican City 29 November Met with Pope John Paul II.[71][72]
 Italy Rome 29 November – 1 December[73] State Visit[74][75][76][77][78]
 Malta Birżebbuġa (Maksim Gorkiy) 1–3 December See Malta Summit[79][80]

1990

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The following are the international trips made by Gorbachev in 1990:

Country Areas visited Date(s) Details
 Canada Ottawa 29–30 May He visited on a 36-hour stopover to Washington, in which he was received by Prime Minister Brian Mulroney and Governor General Ray Hnatyshyn, with the latter welcoming him with full honors at the airport by the RCMP.[81][82][83][84][85][86]
 United States Washington
Camp David 		30 May – 3 June Signed the 1990 Chemical Weapons Accord. See Washington Summit
 United States Twin Cities,

Minnesota

3 June State visit where he met with Governor Rudy Perpich at the Minnesota Governor's Residence, then toured the Twin Cities including the Minnesota State Capitol, culminating in a meeting with various Minnesotan companies at the Minneapolis Radisson Hotel and visiting the Control Data Corporation in Bloomington.[87][88][89]
 Finland Helsinki 9 September Discussed the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait with U.S. President George H.W. Bush.[90][91][92] See Helsinki Summit
 France Paris 19 November Signing of the Treaty on Conventional Armed Forces in Europe.

1991

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The following are the international trips made by Gorbachev in 1991:

Country Areas visited Date(s) Details
 Japan Tokyo 15–19 April [93][94][95]
 South Korea Seoul 19 April [96]
 Norway Oslo 4–5 June Nobel Peace Prize acceptance[97]
 Sweden Stockholm 6 June Working visit. met with Prime Minister Ingvar Carlsson and Brazilian President Fernando Collor de Mello.[98]
 United Kingdom London 17 July He attended the 17th G7 summit at the invitation of Prime Minister John Major.
 Spain Madrid 29–30 October See Madrid Conference of 1991

Cancelled visits

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Country Areas to be visited Date(s) Details
 Mexico Mexico City 1987 [99][100]
 Greece Athens 1987 [101]
 Cuba Havana 1988 [citation needed]
 Norway Oslo 10 December 1990 Was supposed to accept the Nobel Peace Prize[102][103]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Gorbachev arrives in Paris Wednesday".
  2. ^ Medvedev 1986, pp. 237–238; McCauley 1998, p. 142; Taubman 2017, pp. 278–279.
  3. ^ "Gorbachev tried to delay deployment decision with Dutch Missiles". Associated Press.
  4. ^ Binder, David (8 December 1985). "Going Back: Bulgaria, 20 Years Later". The New York Times.
  5. ^ "Gorbachev visits East Berlin, April 17, 1986". 26 May 2017.
  6. ^ Markham, James M. (22 April 1986). "East Germany: How Much Leeway?". The New York Times.
  7. ^ "Soviet's leader Mikhail Gorbachev , his wife Raisa Gorbacheva and". 7 January 2019.
  8. ^ "Television Announces Gorbachev To Visit Hungary". AP NEWS. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
  9. ^ "Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev left for Budapest Sunday to..." UPI. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
  10. ^ Kaufman, Michael T.; Times, Special To the New York (10 June 1986). "Gorbachev Offers an a-Plant Pact". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
  11. ^ Diehl, Jackson (9 June 1986). "Gorbachev and Kadar Meet 4 1/2 Hours, Focus on Economy". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
  12. ^ "AROUND THE WORLD; Gorbachev Said to Plan Trip to Polish Congress". The New York Times. 29 June 1986.
  13. ^ "The Reykjavik Summit". The Reagan Vision. Retrieved 15 September 2014.
  14. ^ История России в новейшее время 1985-2009 гг. Учебник. Издательство "Проспект". 23 June 2017. ISBN 9785392011537.
  15. ^ "India's Cheers Greet Gorbachev". Chicago Tribune.
  16. ^ Los Angeles Times [dead link‍]
  17. ^ "Surprises on Gorbachev's India trip. Soviet leader concentrates on nation rather than region - CSMonitor.com". The Christian Science Monitor.
  18. ^ "India rolls out red carpet for Gorbachev. Visit seen as turning point in strengthening Indo-Soviet ties - CSMonitor.com". The Christian Science Monitor.
  19. ^ "Gorbachev visit to India announced".
  20. ^ "Gorbachev visit stirs up Czechoslovakia. Once again, people are talking openly of politics - CSMonitor.com". The Christian Science Monitor.
  21. ^ "Report Gorbachev at odds with Czech leaders".
  22. ^ Kaufman, Michael T. (6 April 1987). "Gorbachev Puts off His Journey to Czechoslovakia". The New York Times.
  23. ^ "Gorbachev Cuts Czechoslovakia Visit Short, Leaves on up Note". Chicago Tribune. 12 April 1987.
  24. ^ Taubman 2017, pp. 387–388.
  25. ^ "Soviet leader Mikhail Gorbachev travels Monday to Romania, one".
  26. ^ "Romania Cool Toward Gorbachev's First Visit". Associated Press.
  27. ^ "Romania Gives Gorbachev Speech Chilly Response".
  28. ^ Taubman 2017, pp. 384–385.
  29. ^ Doder & Branson 1990, p. 230; Taubman 2017, p. 385.
  30. ^ "Document No. 13: Report on Mikhail Gorbachev's Visit to Romania, June 4, 1987". Masterpieces of History : The Peaceful End of the Cold War in Europe, 1989. National Security Archive Cold War Readers. Central European University Press. 19 September 2018. pp. 253–254. ISBN 9786155211881.
  31. ^ "Gorbachev becomes first Soviet leader to officially visit the U.S. Since 1973".
  32. ^ "Gorbačov u Dubrovniku". Slobodna Dalmacija (13403): 1. 18 March 1988.
  33. ^ "Susret s Popitom i Kučanom". Slobodna Dalmacija (13403): 1. 18 March 1988.
  34. ^ "Gorbachev Visits Yugoslavia". AP NEWS. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
  35. ^ "Gorbachev Praises Yugoslav System as Model for Modernizing Soviet Economy". Los Angeles Times. 18 March 1988.
  36. ^ Tagliabue, John (18 March 1988). "Tepid Times for Gorbachev in a Thriving Yugoslav City". The New York Times.
  37. ^ "Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty Research Report". 1993.
  38. ^ "Gorbachev Brings Message of Perestroika to Poland". Associated Press.
  39. ^ "Gorbachev in Poland: A study in contrasts. Polish leader doesn't share his enthusiasm for rapid change". Christian Science Monitor. 15 July 1988.
  40. ^ "Warsaw Pact Summit Begins". Chicago Tribune. 16 July 1988.
  41. ^ Tagliabue, John (16 July 1988). "Gorbachev in Warsaw Pact Meeting". The New York Times.
  42. ^ "Gorbachev leaves for India visit".
  43. ^ Crossette, Barbara (19 November 1988). "Gorbachev in India to Reaffirm Ties". The New York Times.
  44. ^ "Travels of President George H. W. Bush". U.S. Department of State Office of the Historian. Archived from the original on 9 November 2011.
  45. ^ "Taoiseach's Meetings with President Bush and Chairman Gorbachev: Statements. – Dáil Éireann (25th Dáil) – Thursday, 13 Apr 1989 – Houses of the Oireachtas". 13 April 1989.
  46. ^ "US dismissive about summit between Haughey and Gorbachev". The Irish Times.
  47. ^ "500,000 Cubans Cheer Gorbachev's Arrival : Castro Embraces Soviet President at Havana's Airport with No Sign of Tension over Policies". Los Angeles Times. 3 April 1989.
  48. ^ Keller, Bill (3 April 1989). "Gorbachev Begins His Visit to Cuba with Castro's Hug". The New York Times.
  49. ^ Keller, Bill (5 April 1989). "Gorbachev Signs Treaty with Cuba". The New York Times.
  50. ^ Pavlov, Yuri A. (1994). "Movement in Opposite Directions". Soviet-Cuban Alliance 1959-1991. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction Publishers. p. 139.
  51. ^ ""Фидель смотрел с презрением": как Горбачев предал Кубу". 2 April 2019.
  52. ^ "Gorbachev Arrives in London for 2-Day Visit". Los Angeles Times. 6 April 1989.
  53. ^ Doder & Branson 1990, p. 371; McCauley 1998, p. 143; Taubman 2017, pp. 475–476.
  54. ^ Keller, Bill (15 May 1989). "Gorbachev Visits Beijing for Start of Summit Talks". The New York Times.
  55. ^ Garver, John (December 1989). "The "New Type" of Sino-Soviet Relations". Asian Survey. 29 (12): 1136–1152. doi:10.2307/2644761. JSTOR 2644761.
  56. ^ Vamos, Peter (2010). China Learns From the Soviet Union. Lexington Books. p. 95. ISBN 978-0-7391-4224-0.
  57. ^ Taubman 2017, pp. 476–478.
  58. ^ "Record of the First Conversation between Mikhail Gorbachev and FRG President Richard von Weizsäcker | Making the History of 1989".
  59. ^ a b Koivisto, Mauno (1997). Witness to History: The Memoirs of Mauno Koisvisto President of Finland, 1982-1994. SIU Press. ISBN 978-0-8093-2045-5.
  60. ^ "Discussion between Gorbachev and Mitterand about Romania, July 1989 | Making the History of 1989".
  61. ^ "Gorbachev compares French Revolution with perestroika". UPI. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
  62. ^ "Excerpts From Speech By Gorbachev in France". New York Times. 7 July 1989. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
  63. ^ James M. Markham (5 July 1989). "Gorbachev likens Soviets to French". New York Times. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
  64. ^ "Speech by Mikhail Gorbachev" (PDF). Parliamentary Assembly. Forty-first ordinary session. 8-12 May and 3-7 July (Report). Vol. I. Sittings 1 to 9. Strasbourg: Council of Europe. 1990. pp. 197–205.
  65. ^ "История Перестройки. 4-6 июля 1989 года состоялся официальный визит М.С. Горбачева во Францию".
  66. ^ Schmemann, Serge (7 October 1989). "Gorbachev Lends Honecker a Hand". The New York Times.
  67. ^ "'Don't Panic,' Gorbachev Tells East Germans". Los Angeles Times. 7 October 1989.
  68. ^ "Gorbachev Begins Visit to Finland : Hopes for Helsinki's Help in Bolstering Soviet Economy". Los Angeles Times. 25 October 1989.
  69. ^ Keller, Bill (26 October 1989). "Gorbachev, in Finland, Disavows Any Right of Regional Intervention". The New York Times.
  70. ^ "Gorba-huumaa ja kuuluisa kännykkäpuhelu". Yle Elävä Arkisto. 27 October 2020. Retrieved 27 October 2020.
  71. ^ McCauley 1998, p. 144.
  72. ^ "Gorbachev in Italy for Meeting with Pope". 29 November 1989.
  73. ^ Визиты М.С. Горбачева в Италию и Ватикан: 29 ноября-1 декабря 1989 года : документы и материалы. Изд-во полит. лит-ры. January 1990. ISBN 9785250013666.
  74. ^ Taubman 2017, p. 392.
  75. ^ Urban, Joan Barth (1991). "Gorbachev's state visit to Italy and the Vatican". Italian Politics. 5: 126–137. JSTOR 45132560.
  76. ^ Haberman, Clyde; Times, Special To the New York (30 November 1989). "Clamor in the East; Gorbachev, Visiting Italy, Urges Talks on Naval Arms". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
  77. ^ "Gorbachev faces hard-working visit to Italy". UPI. Retrieved 28 November 2019.
  78. ^ "Enthusiasm High for Gorbachev's Visit to Italy : Diplomacy: He will sign 15 bilateral agreements. Rome officials also seek expanded trade and investment". Los Angeles Times. 26 November 1989.
  79. ^ Maureen Dowd (3 December 1989). "THE MALTA SUMMIT: Reporter's Notebook; Superpowers Cooperating, But Not Seas". The New York Times. Retrieved 16 May 2017.
  80. ^ "THE MALTA SUMMIT : Italy to Greet Gorbachev in Grand Style". Los Angeles Times. 29 November 1989.
  81. ^ Claiborne, William (29 May 1990). "GORBACHEV'S CANADA STOPOVER STIRS MEMORIES OF FERTILE '83 VISIT". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
  82. ^ "Gorbachev Will Stop in Canada Before Summit". Los Angeles Times. 16 May 1990. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
  83. ^ Burns, John F.; Times, Special To the New York (30 May 1990). "Toward the Summit; Problems Back in Moscow Greet Gorbachev in Canada". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
  84. ^ "Flashback Friday: Gorbachev visits Canada ahead of U.S.-Soviet weapons deal". CTVNews. 29 May 2015. Retrieved 25 November 2019.
  85. ^ "Gorbachev to visit Canada".
  86. ^ "Gorbachev gets to relax in Canada before summit".
  87. ^ "The day Gorbachev came to town". archive.mpr.org. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
  88. ^ Press, Dave Orrick | Pioneer (31 August 2022). "Gorbachev's 1990 visit to Minnesota was a big deal. Here are some highlights and memories". Twin Cities. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
  89. ^ Glover, Maury (30 August 2022). "Lookback: Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev's historic 1990 visit to Minnesota". FOX 9. Retrieved 1 October 2024.
  90. ^ "Joint News Conference of President Bush and Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev in Helsinki, Finland September 9, 1990". The American Presidency Project. Archived from the original on 2 October 2012.
  91. ^ "Even in Finland, nationalists haunt Gorbachev: Karelians want homeland Leaflet on territory turns up at summit".
  92. ^ "Film Mikhail Gorbachev's visit to Finland. (1990)".
  93. ^ Weisman, Steven R. (16 April 1991). "Gorbachev on Peace Mission to Japan". The New York Times.
  94. ^ "Gorbachev in Japan Seeking Aid". Chicago Tribune.
  95. ^ "Gorbachev Raises Hopes in Japan". Christian Science Monitor. 10 April 1991.
  96. ^ Joo, Seung-Ho (1993). "Gorbachev's foreign policy toward the two Koreas, 1985-1991: Power and the new political thinking".
  97. ^ Schmidt, William E. (6 June 1991). "Gorbachev, in Oslo, Links World Peace to Perestroika". The New York Times.
  98. ^ "Gorbachev holds talks with Swedish government".
  99. ^ "Gorbachev to visit Mexico next year".
  100. ^ "Gorbachev to Visit".
  101. ^ "Gorbachev first Soviet leader to visit Greece".
  102. ^ "Gorbachev drops Nobel trip to deal with Soviet crisis".
  103. ^ "EVOLUTION IN EUROPE; Nobel Panel Rejects Request by Gorbachev for New Date". The New York Times. 29 November 1990.

Works cited

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