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List of fictional astronauts (Project Gemini era)

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Lists of fictional astronauts
Early period Project Mercury Project Gemini
Project Apollo 1975–1989 1990–1999
2000–2009 2010–2029 Moon
Inner Solar System Outer Solar System Other
Far future
Astronauts Holt and Swanberg aboard Aeolus spacecraft in "Third Stage" (1962 short story by Poul Anderson)
Franco and Ciccio in space in 002 Operazione Luna (1965 film)
Capt. Tony Nelson (actor Larry Hagman) meets a mysterious woman in the first episode of I Dream of Jeannie (TV series)

The following is a list of fictional astronauts from the era of Project Gemini and the Voskhod programme, during the early "Golden Age" of space travel.

Project Gemini era

[edit]
Name(s) Appeared in Program / Mission / Spacecraft Fictional date
Gemini (1964–1966)
Dan Cooper, Capt. (RCAF)
Nadia Kalinskaya, Lt. (Soviet Air Force)
Jacques Souris, Lt. (French Air Force)
Sonya Gombinski, Capt. (Polish Air Force) 		SOS dans l'espace, Trois Cosmonautes, Apollo appelle Soyouz and other Tintin magazine stories (1957–69), comics Gemini XIII and others Contemporary
Comic book series by Albert Weinberg. Cooper, Souris and Kalinskaya all complete solo spaceflights in Trois Cosmonautes. Kalinskaya and Gombinski (Poland's first cosmonaut) make an all-female Soyuz flight in Apollo appelle Soyouz.
Walter Frisbee N/A (Early 1960s) Gemini Contemporary
Fictitious tenth member of NASA Astronaut Group 2 invented by Pete Conrad and Jim Lovell as a prank on reporters. Frisbee, son of a Romanian nobleman, spent his time undergoing secret training.[1][2]
James Holt (Pilot)
William Swanberg (Electronician) 		"Third Stage" (1962), short story United States:
Aeolus rocket 		Near Future (after 1963)
Astronauts on mission into Van Allen belt to test radiation screen are stranded in orbit. Three-stage Aeolus rocket is launched from Cape Canaveral.[3][4][5]
Mercury 7:
Richard J. Pruett, Maj. (USAF)

Gemini:
Jim Dougherty (USAF)

Vostok IX:
Andrei Yakovlev, Col. 		Marooned (1964), novel Mercury 7 (Mercury)
Gemini (Gemini)
Vostok IX (Vostok) 		July 1964
NASA astronaut on 7th Mercury flight (MA-10) trapped in orbit due to no retrofire; boilerplate Gemini (GT-2) launched to rescue; Russian cosmonaut also rendezvous. Novel also mentions docking of Vostok VII and VIII and names GT-3 crew as Shepard and Masters.
Paradowsky, Col.
Borovin, Maj.

Franco
Ciccio 		002 Operazione Luna (1965), film Voskhod? Contemporary
When cosmonauts Paradowsky and Borovin disappear in space, Italian criminals Franco and Ciccio, their doubles, are kidnapped and launched into space to cover up the mission's apparent failure.[6]
Henry Olsen (Pilot) "Una cuerda de nylon y oro" (aka "A Cord Made of Nylon and Gold") (1965), short story Gemini (Gemini 5?) August 1965 – Near Future
Astronaut deliberately cuts himself loose from Gemini spacecraft commanded by James McDivitt, then witnesses nuclear holocaust on Earth from orbit.[7]
Igor
Ivan 		Gilligan's Island
Nyet, Nyet, Not Yet (1965), TV 		Voskhod? Contemporary
Cosmonauts who land on Gilligan's isle.[8]
NASA:
Stardust I:
Anthony Nelson, Capt./Maj. (USAF)

Roger Healey, Capt./Maj.
Leslie "Les" Wingate, Cmdr. (Command Pilot/LMP)
Pete Conway, Lt. (USNR)
Cortwright (no first name given)
Rich Ross, Cmdr.
Biff "Jetstream" Jellico, Maj. (USAF)

USSR:
Sonya Tiomkin, Maj.
Posnovsky, Maj.
Gregorian, Maj. 		I Dream of Jeannie (1965–70), TV Stardust I, Gemini, Project Alpha, Apollo Contemporary
Career NASA astronauts. Nelson, Healey and Wingate orbit the Moon on Apollo 14 in the episode "Around the World in 80 Blinks" (1969)[9] and are in quarantine after Moon mission in "The Solid Gold Jeannie" (1970). Other astronauts and cosmonauts appear in the episodes "The Lady in the Bottle" (1965), "Jeannie and the Marriage Caper" (1965), "Russian Roulette" (1965), "Tomorrow Is Not Another Day" (1968), "My Sister, the Home Wrecker" (1969) and "Never Put a Genie on a Budget" (1969).[10][11]
Frank Douglas Monster a Go-Go (a.k.a. Terror at Halfday) (1965), film United States:
Space Agency (two-man capsule) 		Contemporary
Astronaut Douglas is seemingly transformed into radioactive monster.[12][13]
Unnamed astronaut The Avengers
Man-Eater of Surrey Green (1966), TV 		Unknown; one-man capsule Contemporary
British astronaut dies in orbit; capsule re-enters following collision with giant alien plant.[14][15]
Zeus IV:
Glyn Williams, Col.
Dan "Bluey" Schultz, Maj.

Zeus V:
Terry Cutler, Lt. 		Doctor Who
The Tenth Planet (1966), TV (1976 novel) 		International Space Command (ISC):
Zeus IV
Zeus V 		December 1986 (2000 in novel)
On a routine atmospheric survey mission, the orbit of Zeus IV is disrupted by the gravitational pull of the planet Mondas as it passes close to Earth. Zeus V attempts a rescue.[16][17][18]
Mac MacKenzie, Capt.
Hector "Hec" Canfield, Lt. 		It's About Time (1966–67), TV NASA:
Scorpio 		Contemporary
Sitcom about astronauts who travel back in time and meet caveman family.[19]
Gregory Schuster, Maj.
Wayne Morris, Maj.
Neil Danvers-Marshal, Prof. 		Skyprobe (1966), novel Unknown, Skyprobe IV Near future
Astronauts sent on a record-breaking, high Earth orbit mission.[20]
Jennings, Maj. (Pilot) (no first name given)
Bob Wyart (Co-Pilot) 		"Under the Wide and Starry Sky..." (1966), short story Gemini, GT-9 Contemporary
Fictional Gemini IX crew who find themselves in serious trouble during the last hours of their two-week mission. Plot-line apparently based on the original Gemini IX flight plan.[21]
Scorpio 6:
Sol Tobias (Command Pilot)
Ryan (Pilot) (no first name given) 		Gilligan's Island
Splashdown (1967), TV 		Scorpio 6
Scorpio E-X-1 		Contemporary
NASA astronauts on mission to rendezvous with unmanned Scorpio E-X-1 capsule and transfer Tobias to it.[22]
Voskhod:
Lev Alexandrovich Barkagan
Igil Postovoiit
Nikolai Lermontov

Gemini XIII:
Rance Allenby, Col. (USAF) (Command Pilot)
Gene Stanley (USN) (Pilot) 		No Man's World (1967), novel Voskhod

Gemini XIII 		Late 1964

1960s
Voskhod cosmonauts' three-day mission in Earth orbit is followed by twenty-seven day stay in vacuum chamber simulating lunar surface. Barkagan was one of the second group of cosmonauts, chosen in 1961. Final Gemini mission (Agena rendezvous and docking, simulating Apollo CSM/LM docking) nearly ends in disaster after meteor strike. Allenby was one of a 16-man astronaut group chosen in 1964.[23]
Jupiter XVI:
Chris (last name not given)
Unnamed US astronaut

Voskhod (?):
Two unnamed cosmonauts

Bird 1:
Two unnamed Osato astronauts

Jupiter XVII:
Two unnamed US astronauts 		You Only Live Twice (1967), film Jupiter XVI (Gemini)

Unnamed Soviet capsule (Voskhod?)

Bird 1 (reusable capsule)

Jupiter XVII (Gemini) 		Contemporary
Presumed NASA and Soviet Union crews captured by Osato Chemicals (SPECTRE) spacecraft. Bird 1 uses expendable booster for launch; capsule capable of vertical pin-point landing like DC-X. Chris killed at capture due to EVA. Cosmonauts captured next. Capture of Jupiter XVII and probable outbreak of World War III prevented by James Bond.[24][25]
Voskhod 3:
Vladimir Kostrov, Maj.
Andrei Subbotin, Maj.

Aurora 1:
Vladimir Kostrov, Maj.
Sergei Nofikov, Capt.
Zhenia Svetlova, Sen. Lt.

Dawn 1:
Andrei Gorolev, Capt. 		Cosmonauts on the Earth (Космонавты живут на Земле) (1968), Russian-language novel Voskhod 3 (Voskhod)

Aurora 1 (Soyuz)

Dawn 1 (Zond) 		Contemporary
Semi-fictional work follows the lives and missions of nine cosmonauts recruited to fly the space missions which follow Vostok and Voskhod in period 1965–67. Seven ex-Soviet Air Force Pilots and two female champion skydivers train to fly on the next generation of Soviet rockets. "Aurora" and "Dawn" are analogous to Soyuz and Zond spacecraft of the real Soviet programme. Capt. Gorelov becomes the first man to fly around the Moon, while Sen. Lt. Svetlova replaces her close friend Marina Berzhenkova in the "Aurora" capsule at the last moment to become the first woman to make a spacewalk.[26]
Gemini:
Stubby Dolan

MOL:
Michael Stevens Harder
George Ormsbee 		Four Came Back (1968), novel NASA:
Gemini

United States Air Force:
Gemini-B/Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL) 		1960s

Late 1970
Dolan flew Agena rendezvous on late Gemini mission; Harder and Ormsbee flew first MOL mission. Harder previously flew X-15 into space.[27]
Bill Stevens[a]

Gemini XII-A
Prime Crew:
Stephen Pitt, Lt. Cmdr.[b] (USN)
Robert "Roberto" Gauss, Dr.[c]
Backup crew:
Lewis Hammill, Maj. (USAF)
Daniel Golding, Capt. (USMC)

Voskhod:
Two unnamed cosmonauts 		Death of a Cosmonaut (aka Autopsy for a Cosmonaut) (1969), novel Gemini XII-A

Voskhod 		September 1966 – June 1967
Crew of a Gemini mission which makes a clandestine rendezvous with a failed Voskhod to carry out an autopsy of the cosmonauts.[28]
Charles "Hickory" Lee, Maj. (US Army)
Timothy Bell
Harry Jensen, Capt. (USAF)
Edward Cater, Maj. (USAF)

Gemini XIII:
Randolph Claggett, Maj. (USMC) (Command Pilot)
John Pope, Cmdr. (USN) (Pilot)

Apollo 18:
Randy Claggett (CDR)
John Pope (CMP)
Paul Linley (LMP) 		Space (1982), novel; James A. Michener's Space (1985), TV Gemini XIII

Apollo 18
Altair (CSM)/Luna (LM) 		1960s – 1970s
NASA astronauts in James Michener's fictionalized account of the early years of the space program and the TV miniseries made from it.[29][30]
Alexander Alexandrovich "Sasha" Oryolin, Col. (Pilot)
Konstantine K. "Kostya" Strogolshikov, Col. 		Peter Nevsky and the True Story of the Russian Moon Landing (1993), novel Voskhod 2 1965
First spacewalk mission, similar to the real Voskhod 2; cosmonauts survive crash landing in Ural Mountains.[31]
Marcus Aurelius Belt, Lt. Col. The X-Files
Space (1993), TV 		Gemini VIII November or December 1993 (flashback to c. 1966)
Former NASA astronaut who is possessed by a creature from outer space.[32][33]
Gary "Gator" Augatreux (USAF) (Commander)
Ty Yount, Maj. (USAF)
Unnamed backup 		Dark Skies
Mercury Rising (1996), TV 		Midnight Wing:
Gemini (prototype)
Saturn 		October 21, 1962

January 30 – February 2, 1964
Astronauts on black ops missions for US military. Augatreux and Yount experience missing time while intercepting alien spacecraft on October 1962 mission launched into polar orbit from Vandenberg Air Force Base. February 1964 mission relays data from Ranger 6.
Vladimir Pavlovich Viktorenko
Unnamed cosmonaut 		Voyage (1996), novel Voskhod 3 1966 (Alternate History)
First flight of alternate history cosmonaut Viktorenko, who later takes part in Moonlab/Soyuz mission.[34]
Carl Ackland, Maj. (Command Pilot)
Adam Banton, Maj. (Pilot) 		Airlock, or How to Say Goodbye in Space (2007), short film NASA:
Gemini 		December 24, 1976
Astronauts facing death in space.[35][36][37]
Voskhod 4:
Fabiano Dmietrivich Damianov, Maj.
Larissa Timofyevna Damianova, Capt. 		Voskhod 4 (2010), novella Voskhod 4 (Voskhod) 1965
Cosmonauts launched on a 14-day Voskhod mission in 1965 are believed lost when their launch vehicle explodes high above Siberia.[38]
Dmitri Selonovich Doctor Who
"Space Oddity" (2013), comic strip 		Vostok 11 (Vostok) 1965
Cosmonaut killed by Vashta Nerada while making first human spacewalk on classified military mission.[39]
USSR:
Vasily (no last name given)

L3:
Raisa Zaslavskaya
Unnamed copilot (Soviet Air Force)

Gemini 17:
Malachi "Mal" Washington (USN)
Vic Hemshaw (Copilot) 		"Gemini XVII" (2013), novelette Soviet Union:
L3 (launched with N1 booster)

NASA:
Gemini 17 (Advanced Gemini) 		c. December 1968 (Alternate History) / c. 1978 (Alternate History)
After both of their copilots die, Washington and Zaslavskaya must work together to return to Earth from lunar orbit. Story set in alternate history in which the Bay of Pigs Invasion led US into war in Cuba, and John F. Kennedy survived 1963 assassination attempt. Gemini is inserted into translunar trajectory by Chiron booster (Agena mated to Centaur). Vasily was Zaslavskaya's husband; Hemshaw also flew on earlier Gemini mission. Washington later commands Moon mission to Mare Nectaris and is named chief test pilot for Space Shuttle to service Skylabs One through Six. Zaslavskaya becomes a colonel in the Israeli Air Force and joins shuttle project.[40][41]
Frank Conner Rocket Men (2013), short film Project Gemini

Sigma (homemade rocket) 		Contemporary
Retired astronaut Conner builds homemade rocket with fired planetarium director. Conner was assigned to Gemini 11 but broke his arm and was replaced by Dick Gordon.[42]
Robert Braddock Rocketship (2013), short film Project Gemini 1965 / Contemporary
Astronaut who was assigned as command pilot of Gemini 9, but never flew in space due to heart problem.[43]
Blue Gemini:
Tim Agnew, Maj.

Crew One:
Andrew M. "Drew" Carson, Maj. (Command Pilot)
Scott Ernst Ourecky, Maj. (Pilot)

Crew Two:
Tom "Big Head" Howard (Command Pilot)
Pete "Squeaky" Riddle, Maj. (Pilot)

Crew Three:
Parch Jackson, Maj. (Command Pilot)
Mike Sigler (Pilot)

MOL:
Jeff McKnight, Cmdr. (USN)
Three unnamed astronauts (USN)

First MOL mission:
Chris Cowin, Cmdr. (USN) (Command Pilot)
Edward Russo, Lt. Col. (USAF) (Pilot)

Kochevnik:
Vladimir Felixovich Gogol, Lt. Col. (operational nickname Kochevnik ["Nomad"]) (Commander)
Pavel Dmitriyevich Vasilyev, Maj. (Soviet Air Force) (First Flight Engineer)
Petr Mikhailovich Travkin, Maj. (Soviet Air Force) (Second Flight Engineer)

Krepost:
Pavel Dmitriyevich Vasilyev, Maj. (Commander)
Petr Mikhailovich Travkin, Maj.

Kochevnik:
Vladimir Felixovich Gogol, Lt. Col.

Space Shuttle:
Andrew Carson Ourecky (NASA/USAF) 		Blue Gemini (2015), Blue Darker Than Black (2016), Pale Blue (2016), novels United States Air Force
Blue Gemini:
Gemini-Interceptor (Gemini-I)

United States Navy:
Manned Orbiting Laboratory (MOL)
Gemini-B

Soviet Union:
Kochevnik ("Nomad") (Soyuz)
Krepost ("Fortified outpost") (Military space station)/Soyuz
Kochevnik ("Nomad") (Soyuz)

Space Shuttle 		April 25, 1966 – June 19, 1969 (Blue Gemini)

July 17, 1969 – August 27, 1972 (Blue Darker Than Black)

August 29, 1972 – June 7, 1974 / Contemporary (Pale Blue)
Blue Gemini program is secretly reactivated to inspect and disable Soviet satellites. Gemini-Is are launched from Johnston Island and touch down on land using paraglider. Crew Two launches on test flight (Mission One) on February 25, 1969; Crew One flies first operational mission (Mission Two) June 13–14, 1969 (Blue Gemini). Crew One flies Mission Three September 9–11, 1969, and Mission Four March 10–13, 1970 (crash-landing in Haiti). Crew Three flies Missions Five and Six in June and September 1970; Crew One flies Missions Seven through Ten from January 1971 to January 1972. Soyuz Kochevnik flies secret mission to test military space station equipment from May 8 to c. May 18, 1970. MOL project is transferred from Air Force to Navy after its official cancellation; Cowin and Russo fly first MOL mission July–August 1972. Blue Gemini Crew One flies Mission Eleven (rescue mission to MOL) August 17–18, 1972 (Blue Darker Than Black). Nuclear-armed Krepost occupied from September 14 – October 24, 1972. Blue Gemini Crew One flies Mission Twelve (to Krepost) October 22–24, 1972 (launched from Cape Kennedy Air Force Station). Second Soyuz Kochevnik launched to relieve Krepost on October 23, 1972 (Pale Blue).[44][45][46]
Gemini 5:
Jim Harrison, Capt. (USAF) (Backup Commander) 		The Last Pilot (2015), novel NASA:
X-15
Project Gemini 		October 1947 – December 24, 1968
Air Force test pilot selected as member of NASA Astronaut Group 2. Harrison is assigned as prime commander of Gemini 8, but is pulled from mission due to personal issues.[47]
Andrei,[d] Col. (Soviet Air Forces) Voskhod (2015), short film Voskhod 3 1966 (November – December)
Cosmonaut stranded in orbit contacts American amateur radio operator.[48]
Silk
Hamaker (no first names given) 		Goldie Vance No. 8 (2016), comic book Unknown (Gemini?) Early 1960s (prior to August 11, 1962[e])
Astronauts who shared spacesuit after spacecraft developed leak in orbit. Referenced only.[49]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ Astronaut, CAPCOM for the Gemini XII-A mission.
  2. ^ Transferred to the Apollo Program and promoted to Commander following the mission.
  3. ^ Pseudonym, real name is Dr. Samuel Henry Stonebreaker.
  4. ^ Last name spoken but difficult to hear.
  5. ^ Date storyline begins in Goldie Vance No. 5.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Sawyer, Kathy (July 10, 1999). "Conrad: Pioneer of the Final Frontier". The Washington Post. p. C1. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
  2. ^ "Frisbee". Encyclopedia Astronautica. Mark Wade. Retrieved May 24, 2022.
  3. ^ Anderson, Poul (February 1962). "Third Stage". Amazing Stories. Vol. 36, no. 2. Illustrated by Finlay. pp. 8–26. Retrieved March 21, 2023 – via Internet Archive.
  4. ^ Anderson, Poul (2018). "Third Stage". In Davis, Hank; Ruocchio, Christopher (eds.). Space Pioneers. Baen Books. pp. 11–38. ISBN 978-1-4814-8360-5.
  5. ^ Boaz, Joachim (May 29, 2021). "Short Story Review: Poul Anderson's "Third Stage" (1962)". Science Fiction and Other Suspect Ruminations. Retrieved May 23, 2022.
  6. ^ Westfahl, Gary (2012). The Spacesuit Film: A History, 1918–1969. McFarland & Company. pp. 257–258. ISBN 978-0-7864-4267-6.
  7. ^ Desleal, Álvaro Menén (2003). "A Cord Made of Nylon and Gold". In Bell, Andrea L.; Molina-Gavilan, Yolanda (eds.). Cosmos Latinos: An Anthology of Science Fiction from Latin America and Spain. Trans. Andrea Bell. Wesleyan University Press. pp. 86–91. ISBN 0-8195-6633-0.
  8. ^ Westfahl 2012, pp. 158–159
  9. ^ Westfahl 2012, pp. 160–162
  10. ^ Grandinetti, Fred (1988). Still Dreaming of Jeannie: A Pictorial History of "I Dream of Jeannie". Fred Grandinetti Productions.
  11. ^ Terrace, Vincent (2008). Encyclopedia of Television Shows, 1925 through 2010. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). McFarland & Company. pp. 490–491. ISBN 978-0786486410.
  12. ^ Dr. Winston O'Boogie (June 16, 2003). "Monster A-Go Go (1965) (part 1 of 8)". The Agony Booth. Retrieved August 30, 2019.
  13. ^ "Monster A Go-Go!". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. American Film Institute. Retrieved November 8, 2021.
  14. ^ Levene, Philip (August 25, 1966). "Man-Eater of Surrey Green". The Avengers. Season 4. Episode 11. ITV.
  15. ^ Johnson, Piers. "The Avengers : Series 4 : Man-eater of Surrey Green". Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  16. ^ Pedler, Kit; Davis, Gerry (October 8, 1966). "The Tenth Planet". Doctor Who. Season 4. Episode 8–11. BBC.
  17. ^ Howe, David J.; Stammers, Mark; Walker, Stephen James (1994). Doctor Who The Handbook – The First Doctor. Doctor Who Books. pp. 136–139. ISBN 0-426-20430-1.
  18. ^ Davis, Gerry (2012). Doctor Who and the Tenth Planet. BBC Books. ISBN 978-1-849-90474-2.
  19. ^ Terrace, Vincent (2008). Encyclopedia of Television Shows, 1925 through 2010. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). McFarland & Company. p. 516. ISBN 978-0786486410.
  20. ^ McCutchan, Philip (1966). Skyprobe. Endeavour Press.
  21. ^ Poyer, Joe (May 1966). "Under the Wide and Starry Sky...". Analog Magazine. Vol. 77, no. 3.
  22. ^ Murray, John Fenton (February 20, 1967). "Splashdown". Gilligan's Island. Season 3. Episode 22. CBS. Retrieved March 11, 2019.
  23. ^ Caidin, Martin (1967). No Man's World. E. P. Dutton & Co. LCCN 67-10065.
  24. ^ Westfahl 2012, pp. 125–126
  25. ^ "You Only Live Twice". AFI Catalog of Feature Films. American Film Institute. Retrieved November 8, 2021.
  26. ^ Г.А. Семенихин [G.A. Semenikhin] (in Russian). Retrieved September 18, 2015.
  27. ^ Caidin, Martin (1968). Four Came Back. David McKay Company. LCCN 68-29629.
  28. ^ Hay, Jacob; Keshishian, John M. (MD) (1971). Death of a Cosmonaut. Science Fiction Book Club (First published in 1969.).
  29. ^ Michener, James A. (1982). Space. Secker & Warburg. ISBN 0-436-27967-3.
  30. ^ Wilford, John Noble (September 19, 1982). "A Novel of Very High Adventure". The New York Times. Retrieved May 4, 2021.
  31. ^ Batchelor, John Calvin (1993). Peter Nevsky and the True Story of the Russian Moon Landing. Henry Holt and Company. ISBN 0-8050-2141-8.
  32. ^ Lowry, Brian (1995). The Truth Is Out There: The official guide to The X-Files. Research assistance by Sarah Stegall. HarperPrism. pp. 120–122. ISBN 0-06-105330-9.
  33. ^ Handlen, Zack; VanDerWerff, Todd (2018). Monsters of the Week: The Complete Critical Companion to The X-Files. Abrams Press. pp. 22–23. ISBN 978-1-4197-3247-8.
  34. ^ Baxter, Stephen (1996). Voyage. HarperPrism. ISBN 0-06-105258-2.
  35. ^ Chris Boyle (Director) (2007). Airlock, or How to Say Goodbye in Space (Motion picture). Retrieved July 9, 2019.
  36. ^ "Airlock, or How to Say Goodbye in Space (2007)". British Film Institute. Archived from the original on March 21, 2017. Retrieved April 16, 2021.
  37. ^ Beggs, Scott (September 20, 2019). "Movie Mixtape: 6 Movies to Watch When You See 'Ad Astra'". /Film. Retrieved July 8, 2021.
  38. ^ Hille, Jeff (2010). Voskhod 4. PublishAmerica. ISBN 978-1448978977.
  39. ^ Fialkov, Joshua Hale (2013). "Space Oddity". The Eye of Ashaya. Doctor Who III. Vol. 2. Pencils by Horacio Domingues with Anres Ponce; inks by Ruben Gonzalez. IDW Publishing. pp. 50–94. ISBN 978-1-61377-675-9.
  40. ^ Torgersen, Brad R. (August 2013). "Gemini XVII". Lights in the Deep.
  41. ^ Torgersen, Brad R. (2017). "Gemini XVII". In Ledbetter, William (ed.). The Jim Baen Memorial Award: The First Decade. Baen Books. pp. 209–231. ISBN 978-1-4814-8281-3.
  42. ^ Sam Cutler-Kreutz (Writer/Director/Editor) (2013). Rocket Men (Motion picture). Retrieved September 21, 2016.
  43. ^ Alfred Thomas Catalfo (Writer/Director) (2013). Rocketship (Motion picture). Retrieved January 7, 2016.
  44. ^ Jenne, Mike (2015). Blue Gemini. Yucca Publishing. ISBN 978-1-63158-047-5.
  45. ^ Jenne, Mike (2016). Blue Darker Than Black. Yucca Publishing. ISBN 978-1-63158-066-6.
  46. ^ Jenne, Mike (2016). Pale Blue. Yucca Publishing. ISBN 978-1-63158-084-0.
  47. ^ Johncock, Benjamin (2015). The Last Pilot. Picador. ISBN 978-1-250-06664-0.
  48. ^ Ivan Stepanov (Director/Co-Writer) (2015). Voskhod (Motion picture). Retrieved May 1, 2017.
  49. ^ Larson, Hope (2017). "Chapter Eight". Goldie Vance. Vol. Two. Illustrated by Brittney Williams. BOOM! Box. ISBN 978-1-60886-974-9.
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