List of earthquakes in Taiwan
Taiwan is in a seismically active zone, on the Pacific Ring of Fire, and at the western edge of the Philippine Sea plate.[1] Geologists have identified 42 active faults on the island, but most of the earthquakes detected in Taiwan are due to the convergence of the Philippine Sea plate and the Eurasian plate to the east of the island.[1][2] Most of the earthquakes registered in Taiwan actually occur off the east coast and cause little damage, whereas smaller quakes beneath the island itself have historically proven more destructive. The first recorded earthquake in Taiwan was in 1624, the founding year of Dutch Formosa.[3] Between 1901 and the year 2000 there were 91 major earthquakes in Taiwan, 48 of them resulting in loss of life.[4] The most recent major earthquake was the 2024 Hualien earthquake, and the most recent major earthquake with a high death toll was the 921 earthquake, which struck on 21 September 1999, and claimed 2,415 lives.
Many modern buildings in Taiwan are constructed with earthquake safety in mind, including Taipei 101, which had to cope with the dual challenges of being flexible enough to withstand earthquakes, yet rigid enough to resist wind shear. The High Speed Rail system incorporates an automatic safety device to safely bring all trains to a halt when a significant earthquake is detected.[5] Nevertheless, poor construction standards have been blamed for casualties in a number of major earthquakes, including the 1906 Meishan earthquake and the 1999 Jiji earthquake. Inside Taiwan the Central Weather Bureau is the organisation responsible for monitoring and reporting on earthquakes. Large earthquakes are also assessed by the United States Geological Survey. Scientific studies of the seismology of the island started in the Japanese era, when the first seismograph was installed in Taipei by Fusakichi Omori's company.[6]
Earthquakes
[edit]Significant earthquakes are listed here from 1736 to the present. Starting with the Japanese era in 1895 there were major improvements in detection technology, allowing more detailed gathering of data.
Date | Areas | Lat | Long | Depth (km) |
Mag. | MMI | Deaths | Injuries | Houses destroyed / notes | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
2024-04-03 | Hualien | 23.819 | 121.562 | 34.8 | 7.4 Mw | VIII | 18 | 1,145+ | Some buildings collapsed / Bridge collapsed | [7][8] |
2022-09-18 | Taitung | 23.159 | 121.316 | 10.0 | 6.9 Mw | IX | 1 | 171 | Some buildings collapsed / Bridge collapsed | |
2022-03-22 | Taitung | 23.409 | 121.559 | 24.0 | 6.7 Mw | VII | 1 | Power outages / Bridge collapsed | [9][10] | |
2022-01-03 | Hualien | 23.997 | 122.235 | 28.7 | 6.2 Mw | IV | Some buildings were damaged | [11][12][13][14] | ||
2021-10-24 | Yilan | 24.571 | 121.830 | 64.5 | 6.2 Mw | VI | 1 | [15] | ||
2021-07-13 | Hualien | 23.902 | 121.623 | 10.0 | 5.2 Mw | III | Minor damage | [16][17] | ||
2019-08-07 | Yilan | 24.478 | 121.930 | 20.8 | 5.8 Mw | VI | 1 | [18] | ||
2019-04-18 | Hualien | 24.037 | 121.650 | 20.0 | 6.1 Mw | VI | 1 | 16 | [19] | |
2018-02-06 | Hualien | 24.134 | 121.659 | 17.0 | 6.4 Mw | VIII | 17 | 277 | Some buildings collapsed | [20][21] |
2018-02-04 | Hualien | 24.157 | 121.708 | 12.0 | 6.1 Mw | VI | [22] | |||
2017-02-10 | Tainan | 22.83 | 120.22 | 15.8 | 5.3 Mw | VII | 4 | Power outages | [23] | |
2016-02-06 | Tainan, Kaohsiung | 22.94 | 120.59 | 23 | 6.4 Mw | VII | 117 | 550 | 9 | [24][25] |
2015-04-20 | Yilan | 24.05 | 122.37 | 5 | 6.4 Mw | V | 1 | |||
2013-10-31 | Hualien | 23.62 | 121.43 | 19.5 | 6.3 Mw | VII | 0 | |||
2013-06-02 | Island-wide | 23.87 | 121.0 | 10.0 | 6.2 Mw | VII | 5 | 18 | ||
2013-03-27 | Island-wide | 23.9 | 121.07 | 19.4 | 5.9 Mw | V | 1 | 97 | ||
2012-02-26 | Pingtung | 22.75 | 120.75 | 26.3 | 6.4 | 0 | ||||
2010-03-04 | Kaohsiung | 22.92 | 120.73 | 5 | 6.3 Mw | VI | 96 | |||
2009-12-19 | Hualien | 23.76 | 121.69 | 43 | 6.4 Mw | VI | 6 | |||
2006-12-26 | Pingtung | 21.69 | 120.56 | 44.1 | 7.1 Mw | VII | 2 | 3 | ||
21.97 | 120.42 | 50.2 | 6.9 Mw | V | ||||||
2004-10-15 | Yilan, Su-ao | 24.5 | 122.696 | 6.7 Mw | [26] | |||||
2004-05-01 | Hualien | 24.1 | 121.95 | 17.8 | 5.8 | 2 | ||||
2002-05-15 | Yilan, Hualien | 24.6 | 121.9 | 5 | 6.2 Mw | VI | 1 | |||
2002-03-31 | Hualien, Taipei | 24.2 | 122.1 | 9.6 | 7.1 Mw | 7 | 6 | |||
2000-06-11 | Nantou | 23.9 | 121.1 | 10.2 | 6.4 Mw | 2 | ||||
2000-05-17 | Nantou | 24.2 | 121.1 | 3 | 5.3 | 3 | ||||
1999-09-21 | Island-wide | 23.9 | 120.8 | 8 | 7.7 Mw | X+ | 2,415 | [27] | ||
1998-07-17 | Nantou | 23.5 | 120.7 | 3 | 6.2 | 5 | ||||
1995-06-25 | Yilan | 24.6 | 121.7 | 40 | 6.0 Mw | 1 | 6 | |||
1995-02-23 | Hualien | 24.2 | 121.7 | 21.7 | 6.2 Mw | 2 | ||||
1994-09-16 | Taiwan Strait | 22.5 | 118.7 | 13 | 6.8 Mw | 0 | 0 | |||
1994-06-05 | Yilan | 24.4 | 121.8 | 5.3 | 6.4 Mw | VII | 1 | 1 | ||
1990-12-13 | Hualien | 23.9 | 121.5 | 3 | 6.7 Mw | VII | 2 | 3 | ||
1986-11-15 | Hualien | 24.0 | 121.8 | 15 | 7.4 Mw | VII | 15 | 37 | ||
1986-05-20 | Hualien | 24.1 | 121.6 | 16 | 6.2 Mw | VIII | 1 | |||
1982-01-23 | Yilan, Hualien | 24.0 | 121.6 | 3 | 6.5 | 1 | ||||
1978-12-13 | Hualien | 23.3 | 121.6 | 4 | 7.0 Mw | VI | 2 | |||
1972-04-24 | Hualien | 23.5 | 121.4 | 15 | 7.0 Mw | VII | 5 | 50 | ||
1972-01-25 | Taitung | 22.5 | 122.3 | 33 | 7.3 Mw | VI | 1 | 5 | ||
1967-10-25 | Yilan | 24.4 | 122.1 | 20 | 6.8 Mw | VII | 2 | 21 | ||
1966-03-13 | Hualien | 24.2 | 122.7 | 42 | 7.5 Mw | VII | 4 | 24 | ||
1964-01-18 | Chiayi, Tainan | 23.2 | 120.6 | 18 | 6.5 Mw | VI | 106 | 10,924 | ||
1963-03-04 | Yilan | 24.6 | 121.1 | 5 | 6.3 Mw | 1 | ||||
1963-02-13 | Yilan | 24.35 | 122.06 | 47 | 7.2 Mw | VII | 3–15 | 3–18 | 6 | |
1959-08-15 | Pingtung | 21.7 | 121.3 | 20 | 7.1 | 16 | 1,214 | |||
1959-04-27 | Northeast Taiwan | 24.1 | 123.0 | 150 | 7.7 | 1 | 9 | |||
1957-10-20 | Hualien | 23.7 | 121.5 | 10 | 6.6 | 4 | ||||
1957-02-24 | Hualien | 23.8 | 121.8 | 30 | 7.3 | 11 | 44 | |||
1951-11-25 | Taitung | 23.3 | 121.3 | 30 | 7.8Mw | 17 | ||||
1951-10-22 | Hualien | 23.9 | 121.7 | 25 | 7.5Mw | 68 | ||||
1946-12-05 | Tainan | 23.1 | 120.3 | 5 | 6.1 | 74 | 1,954 | |||
1943-12-02 | Taitung | 22.5 | 121.5 | 40 | 6.8 Mw | 3 | 139 | |||
1943-10-23 | Hualien | 23.8 | 121.5 | 5 | 6.2 | 1 | 1 | |||
1941-12-17 | Chiayi | 23.4 | 120.5 | 12 | 7.2Mw | 360 | 4,520 | |||
1935-07-17 | Hsinchu, Taichung | 24.6 | 120.7 | 30 | 6.2 | 44 | 1,734 | |||
1935-04-21 | Miaoli, Taichung | 24.4 | 120.8 | 5 | 7.1Mw | 3,276 | 17,907 | |||
1930-12-08 | Tainan | 23.3 | 120.4 | 20 | 6.3 Mw | 4 | 49 | |||
1927-08-25 | Tainan | 23.3 | 120.5 | 6.8 Muk | 9–30 | 27–100 | 200–214 | [28] | ||
1922-12-02 | Hualien | 24.6 | 122.0 | 6.0 | 1 | 1 | ||||
1922-10-15 | Hualien | 24.6 | 122.3 | 20 | 5.9 | 6 | ||||
1922-09-22 | Hualien | 24.5 | 122 | 20 | 7.6 | 5 | 14 | |||
1920-06-05 | Hualien | 24.6 | 121.9 | 20 | 8.2 | 8 | 24 | 273 | ||
1917-01-07 | Central Taiwan | 23.9 | 120.9 | shallow | 5.5 | 187 | ||||
1917-01-05 | Central Taiwan | 24.0 | 121.0 | shallow | 6.2 | 54 | 130 | |||
1916-11-15 | Central Taiwan | 24.1 | 120.9 | 3 | 6.2 | 1 | 97 | |||
1916-08-28 | Central Taiwan | 24.0 | 121.0 | 45 | 6.8 | 16 | 614 | |||
1910-04-12 | Keelung | 25.1 | 122.9 | 200 | 8.3 | 60 | 13 | |||
1909-04-15 | Taipei | 23.7 | 121.5 | 80 | 7.3 | 9 | 122 | |||
1908-01-11 | Hualien | 23.7 | 121.4 | 10 | 7.3 | 2 | 3 | |||
1906-04-14 | Tainan | 23.4 | 120.4 | 20 | 6.6 | 15 | 1,794 | |||
1906-03-17 | Chiayi | 23.6 | 120.5 | 6 | 6.8 Ms | IX | 1,258–1,266 | 2,385– 2,476 | 14,218–30,021 | |
1904-11-06 | Chiayi | 23.6 | 120.3 | 7 | 6.1 | 145 | 661 | |||
1904-04-24 | Chiayi | 23.5 | 120.3 | – | 6.1 | 3 | 66 | |||
1897-03-15 | Yilan, Taipei | – | – | – | – | 56 | 50 | |||
1882-12-09 | Island-wide | 23.0 | 121.4 | – | ~7.5 | 10 | 40 | |||
1881-02-18 | Taipei, Hsinchu, Miaoli | 24.6 | 120.7 | – | ~6.2 | 11 | 210 | |||
1867-12-18 | Greater Taipei | 25.3 | 121.7 | – | ~7.0 | 580 | ||||
1865-11-06 | Taipei | 24.9 | 121.6 | – | ~6.0 | "many" | ||||
1862-06-07 | Changhua | 23.2 | 120.2 | – | ~7.0 | over 500 | over 500 | |||
1848-12-03 | Chiayi | 24.1 | 120.5 | – | ~7.1 | 1,030 | 13,993 | |||
1845-03-04 | Taichung | 24.1 | 120.7 | – | ~6.0 | 381 | 4220 | |||
1815-10-13 | From Chiayi northwards | 24.0 | 121.7 | – | ~7.7 | 113 | 243 | |||
1811-03-17 | From Chiayi northwards | 23.8 | 121.8 | – | ~7.5 | 21 | 41 | |||
1792-08-09 | Yunlin | 23.6 | 120.5 | – | ~7.1 | 617 | 24,621 | |||
1736-01-30 | Tainan | 23.1 | 120.5 | – | ~6.5 | 372 | 698 | |||
Muk = Unknown magnitude scale, ML = Richter scale, Ms = surface-wave magnitude, and Mw = moment magnitude scale. The inclusion criteria for adding events are based on WikiProject Earthquakes' notability guideline that was developed for stand alone articles. The principles described are also applicable to lists. In summary, only damaging, injurious, or deadly events should be recorded. |
See also
[edit]References
[edit]- ^ a b Taiwan Yearbook 2005, p. 23
- ^ Yu, S.B.; Chen, H.Y.; Kuo, L.C. (1997). "Velocity field of GPS stations in the Taiwan area". Tectonophysics. 274 (1–3): 41–59. Bibcode:1997Tectp.274...41Y. doi:10.1016/S0040-1951(96)00297-1.
- ^ 二十世紀前 (1604–1900) 台灣地區的地震記載. Central Weather Bureau. Archived from the original on 2010-12-14. Retrieved 2009-07-20.
- ^ 二十世紀 (1901–2000) 台灣地區災害性地震 (in Chinese). Central Weather Bureau. Archived from the original on 2018-04-25. Retrieved 2009-07-17.
- ^ "SHATTERED BELIEF: Biting the bullet". The Asahi Shimbun. Retrieved 2009-07-20.
- ^ Davidson, Charles (1927). The Founders of Seismology. p. 223.
- ^ National Earthquake Information Center (3 April 2024). "M 7.4 - 18 km SSW of Hualien City, Taiwan". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
- ^ "快訊/花蓮7.2地震!整棟大樓「整根拔起」倒塌 驚悚畫面曝光" (in Chinese). TVBS. 3 April 2024. Retrieved 3 April 2024.
- ^ "M 6.7 - 63 km S of Hualien City, China Taiwan". United States Geological Survey.
- ^ "更新【國家級警報】台灣3/23清晨連六震! 最強規模6.6 花蓮玉里鎮玉興橋新建橋面震垮!". Taiwan News (in Chinese (Taiwan)). 22 March 2022. Retrieved 22 March 2022.
- ^ "M 6.2 - 64 km E of Hualien City, Taiwan". United States Geological Survey.
- ^ "地震規模6.0 北市2建物磁磚掉落無傷亡" (in Chinese). Yahoo News. 3 January 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
- ^ "雙北地震搖很大!三重1213戶停電 台電:已全數復電". udn.com (in Chinese). 3 January 2022. Retrieved 3 January 2022.
- ^ "Taiwan's first earthquake for 2022 a magnitude 6: some minor damage, no casualties reported". taiwanenglishnews.com. 3 January 2022. Retrieved 6 January 2022.
- ^ "M 6.2 - 21 km SSE of Yilan, Taiwan". United States Geological Survey.
- ^ "M 5.2 - 8 km SSE of Hualien City, Taiwan". United States Geological Survey.
- ^ "Series of earthquakes in eastern Taiwan causes some damage". The Asahi Shimbun.
- ^ "M 5.8 - 35 km SSE of Yilan, Taiwan". United States Geological Survey.
- ^ "M 6.1 - 8 km NE of Hualien City, Taiwan". United States Geological Survey.
- ^ "M 6.4 - 18 km NNE of Hualien City, Taiwan". United States Geological Survey.
- ^ "Earthquake - Magnitude 6.4 - TAIWAN - 2018 February 06".
- ^ "M 6.1 - 22 km NNE of Hualien City, Taiwan". United States Geological Survey.
- ^ "M 5.3 - 18 km S of Tainan, Taiwan". United States Geological Survey.
- ^ "M 6.4 - 25 km SE of Yujing, Taiwan". United States Geological Survey. Retrieved 2018-02-09.
- ^ 交通部中央氣象局 (2018-01-18). "中央氣象局全球資訊網". 中央氣象局全球資訊網. Retrieved 2018-02-09.
- ^ "地震資訊 第094號 10月15日12時8分 規模7.1 宜蘭蘇澳地震站東方 101.8 公里 - 中央氣象署地震測報中心". scweb.cwa.gov.tw (in Chinese). Retrieved 2024-04-04.
- ^ "Original ArticleMortality of the 921 Earthquake in Nantou and Taichung Counties".
- ^ NGDC 1972
Sources:
- Central Weather Bureau
- NGDC (1972), Significant Earthquake Database, National Geophysical Data Center, NOAA, doi:10.7289/V5TD9V7K
External links
[edit]- Most recent earthquakes in Taiwan (English): Central Weather Bureau
- Most recent earthquakes in Taiwan (Chinese): Central Weather Bureau (more detailed than the English version).
- Most recent earthquakes in Taiwan (Chinese): Central Weather Bureau