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World Intellectual Property Indicators

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This article is about the World Intellectual Property Indicators. For other uses, see WIPI.

World Intellectual Property Indicators (WIPI) is an annual statistical report published by the World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO).[1] The publication provides an overview of the activity in the areas of patents, utility models, trademarks, industrial designs, microorganisms, plant variety protection, geographical indications and the creative economy.

The WIPI draws on intellectual property (IP) statistics collected from the 193 member States of WIPO. It provides the latest trends for IP activity at world, geographical region, country and IP office levels. WIPO has published the report annually since 2009.[2]

Data sources

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The IP statistics data presented in the WIPI are taken from the WIPO Statistics Database and based primarily on data collected from national and regional IP offices, other competent authorities and publishers’ associations from around the world, through annual surveys consisting of multiple questionnaires. Data are also compiled by WIPO in processing international applications through the Patent Cooperation Treaty (PCT), the Madrid System for trademark protection and the Hague System for industrial design protection.[3]

Patent family and technology data are extracted from the WIPO Statistics Database and from the PATSTAT database of the European Patent Office (EPO).[4] Gross domestic product, income group classification and population data are from the World Development Indicators database of the World Bank. Geographical regions are those defined by the United Nations.[3]

Accessing the report and its data

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The WIPI is available on WIPO website. Its underlying data can be extracted from the IP Statistics Data Center, which is WIPO’s online statistical database.[1][2][5]

The IP Facts and Figures report, drawn from the WIPI, serves as a quick reference guide for the most frequently used measure of IP activity.[6] An online statistical country profile also provides a set of IP statistics at the country level[7]

More comprehensive data and analysis on the WIPO administrated Systems are available in a series of three publications: PCT Yearly Review, Madrid Yearly Review and Hague Yearly Review.[8][9][10]

IP Statistics by IP office or by country of origin

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Applications received by offices from resident and non-resident applicants are referred to as office data, whereas applications filed by applicants at their national or regional office (resident applications) or at a foreign office (applications filed abroad) are referred to as origin data.[3][11] For statistical purposes, WIPO defines the origin of an IP application to be the country or territory of residence of the first named applicant in the application.[3][11]

Due to the nature of the regional offices, the WIPI may use an equivalent count concept for some indicators when reporting data by country of origin.[3][11] When this counting method is used, an application filed at a regional IP office is equivalent to filing an application in every member state of that office. To calculate the number of equivalent applications for the African Intellectual Property Organization (OAPI), the Eurasian Patent Organization (EAPO), the Benelux Office for Intellectual Property (BOIP), the European Union Intellectual Property Office (EUIPO) and the GCC Patent Office, each application is multiplied by the corresponding number of member states. For example, an application filed at the EUIPO in 2022 by an applicant residing outside the EU is counted as 27 applications abroad – equal to the number of EU member countries, whereas an application filed by an EU resident results in a count of 1 resident application and 26 applications abroad. However, the African Regional Intellectual Property Organization (ARIPO), the European Patent Office (EPO) and the Eurasian Patent Organization (EAPO) do not register applications with an automatic region-wide applicability. Therefore, for these offices, each application is counted as one application abroad, if the applicant does not reside within a member state, or as one resident application and one application abroad, if the applicant resides within a member state.

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The patent, trademark and industrial design data presented in this table show the filing activity trend by country of origin and by year of filing. Data come from the WIPO Statistics Database, which is the source of the WIPI. The data presented in this table include those received too late to be included in the WIPI and are not based on the equivalent count concept, described above.

Trademark application data refer to class counts – that is, the number of classes specified in applications. This provides the best comparison of international trademark filing activity across origins, because some jurisdictions may allow multiple classes of goods and services to be specified in a single application, whereas others require a separate application for each class. For the same reason, industrial design data refer to design counts, that is, the number of designs contained in applications.[2][11]

Patents, trademarks, and industrial design filing activity by country of origin[1][12][13][14]
Code Country Patent applications

in 2022

Patent applications

in 2023

Trademarks applications

in 2022

Trademarks applications

in 2023

Industrial design applications

in 2022

Industrial design applications

in 2023

AD  Andorra 19 14 2,177 1,008 0 0
AE  United Arab Emirates 806 1,005 26,757 30,401 244 341
AG  Antigua and Barbuda 153 62 883 219 1 0
AL  Albania 28 28 1,523 2,138 50 234
AM  Armenia 64 85 7,298 6,766 129 81
AO  Angola 0 0 0 3,762 46 0
AR  Argentina 768 679 77,154 74,487 1,453 1,385
AT  Austria 11,088 10,866 49,745 43,595 4,812 5,067
AU  Australia 11,521 11,215 129,884 125,423 4,739 5,505
AZ  Azerbaijan 216 248 8,410 7,897 89 31
BA  Bosnia and Herzegovina 73 76 1,413 1,658 68 237
BB  Barbados 0 0 930 1,092 221 97
BD  Bangladesh 90 86 9,105 8,998 1,225 1,001
BE  Belgium 10,876 10,642 35,464 35,748 2,966 3,143
BF  Burkina Faso 8 6 198 428 8 18
BG  Bulgaria 460 448 33,673 29,347 1,798 1,190
BH  Bahrain 23 42 885 915 9 18
BI  Burundi 1 0 120 123 0 15
BJ  Benin 7 27 165 212 3 6
BN  Brunei 1 0 201 215 0 0
BO  Bolivia 14 0 4,884 0 31 0
BR  Brazil 6,940 7,302 364,220 395,165 5,575 5,768
BT  Bhutan 1 1 93 117 0 2
BW  Botswana 16 23 0 1,541 5 14
BY  Belarus 455 430 6,333 7,743 292 336
BZ  Belize 17 14 0 0 0 1
CA  Canada 25,064 24,145 99,112 92,628 3,309 4,154
CF  Central African Republic 0 1 17 23 1 0
CG  Republic of the Congo 4 4 29 90 0 8
CH  Switzerland 40,153 41,975 163,513 146,394 22,495 22,926
CI  Ivory Coast 34 19 904 1,066 150 165
CL  Chile 825 878 48,342 50,612 66 87
CM  Cameroon 51 48 673 753 26 127
CN  China 1,584,677 1,642,582 7,678,101 7,417,473 841,163 882,809
CO  Colombia 1,304 432 55,927 35,888 549 542
CR  Costa Rica 112 122 9,754 14,630 4 0
CU  Cuba 0 247 3,435 3,536 0 5
CV  Cape Verde 2 2 110 106 0 0
CW  Curaçao 0 0 799 821 0 0
CY  Cyprus 231 282 17,409 16,031 0 0
CZ  Czech Republic 1,590 1,484 30,223 29,722 2,273 1,658
DE  Germany 131,235 133,140 475,911 441,310 70,353 64,986
DJ  Djibouti 1 0 52 0 9 0
DK  Denmark 11,172 10,905 27,482 25,506 3,910 3,790
DM  Dominica 1 1 19 96 0 0
DO  Dominican Republic 51 27 10,731 10,939 12 9
DZ  Algeria 483 1,411 11,868 14,294 855 1,216
EC  Ecuador 45 60 14,951 14,115 89 52
EE  Estonia 171 282 7,282 7,160 321 345
EG  Egypt 866 812 39,862 48,959 1,887 0
ES  Spain 8,400 8,191 125,209 129,437 16,827 20,721
ET  Ethiopia 39 61 1,898 1,395 60 106
FI  Finland 10,471 11,659 24,249 19,434 1,527 1,793
FR  France 54,300 52,684 414,848 385,096 47,407 45,915
GA  Gabon 7 11 83 90 5 10
GB  United Kingdom 47,847 48,297 377,300 356,863 37,302 45,370
GD  Grenada 0 0 14 40 0 0
GE  Georgia 97 112 3,304 4,171 235 431
GH  Ghana 11 12 749 817 661 345
GM  Gambia 0 0 150 159 0 32
GN  Guinea 3 2 255 318 60 80
GQ  Equatorial Guinea 0 0 27 17 0 0
GR  Greece 1,045 1,056 0 0 1,715 1,471
GT  Guatemala 12 9 8,981 8,121 19 8
GW  Guinea-Bissau 0 0 23 29 5 4
GY  Guyana 0 0 117 77 0 0
HK  Hong Kong 2,454 1,864 46,115 48,143 2,473 2,398
HN  Honduras 2 3 2,672 3,227 1 0
HR  Croatia 251 313 9,139 7,470 783 415
HU  Hungary 999 1,048 12,644 14,036 640 709
ID  Indonesia 1,607 1,727 109,869 120,883 3,604 4,949
IE  Ireland 6,136 5,936 0 0 985 1,440
IL  Israel 17,127 15,410 15,750 13,205 1,917 1,812
IN  India 55,746 64,510 467,890 496,326 19,777 26,966
IQ  Iraq 0 746 907 0 0 0
IR  Iran 8,391 8,653 354,741 321,463 8,170 7,796
IS  Iceland 258 220 2,111 2,350 0 86
IT  Italy 26,471 26,864 193,825 196,903 52,287 60,486
JM  Jamaica 13 15 0 2,843 154 0
JO  Jordan 64 57 4,724 5,620 95 107
JP  Japan 405,373 414,479 381,826 349,693 34,512 34,589
KE  Kenya 392 390 5,233 6,022 93 158
KG  Kyrgyzstan 83 85 981 1,373 20 16
KH  Cambodia 18 23 2,643 2,234 1 14
KI  Kiribati 0 0 0 5 0 0
KM  Comoros 0 1 4 10 0 0
KN  Saint Kitts and Nevis 13 7 395 596 0 0
KP  North Korea 6,834 6,915 5,208 9,477 0 0
KR  South Korea 272,326 288,001 342,090 334,038 62,263 60,120
KW  Kuwait 0 0 6,173 0 17 0
KZ  Kazakhstan 814 833 17,109 26,846 156 161
LA  Laos 0 4 0 1,106 1 3
LC  Saint Lucia 0 0 158 151 0 0
LI  Liechtenstein 1,024 921 2,991 2,969 563 210
LK  Sri Lanka 260 299 6,532 8,428 335 198
LR  Liberia 0 1 1,308 423 12 52
LT  Lithuania 556 449 6,392 8,521 437 440
LU  Luxembourg 2,095 2,260 14,384 13,794 742 674
LV  Latvia 217 236 4,528 3,736 245 199
MA  Morocco 317 451 34,855 25,949 4,190 4,549
MC  Monaco 133 102 3,437 4,296 73 115
MD  Moldova 54 47 4,367 4,258 384 197
ME  Montenegro 11 18 0 0 2 11
MG  Madagascar 9 3 3,441 3,206 338 242
MK  North Macedonia 44 30 4,514 3,154 31 53
ML  Mali 7 17 250 322 9 29
MM  Myanmar 0 0 0 19,710 0 0
MN  Mongolia 131 81 10,221 8,490 1,062 537
MO  Macau 27 10 2,614 2,976 14 27
MR  Mauritania 5 11 102 75 2 1
MT  Malta 361 283 8,416 9,885 902 1,114
MU  Mauritius 253 215 3,342 3,966 73 144
MX  Mexico 1,769 1,774 148,327 164,776 1,179 1,162
MY  Malaysia 1,753 1,649 24,424 27,616 652 778
MZ  Mozambique 25 20 788 1,647 52 37
NA  Namibia 39 72 486 0 38 0
NE  Niger 7 13 57 40 0 1
NL  Netherlands 25,257 25,921 86,840 83,689 9,141 8,149
NO  Norway 4,995 4,740 19,838 16,154 1,346 1,647
NZ  New Zealand 2,569 2,622 29,846 29,915 1,424 1,106
OM  Oman 91 437 7,762 7,908 30 0
PE  Peru 234 234 29,560 31,355 117 128
PG  Papua New Guinea 4 0 112 0 0 0
PH  Philippines 674 927 37,766 37,832 607 874
PK  Pakistan 416 506 39,429 44,929 467 625
PL  Poland 5,316 5,944 54,990 61,730 8,425 7,003
PT  Portugal 1,716 1,638 37,953 41,217 2,151 2,030
PY  Paraguay 11 0 14,609 14,726 1 12
QA  Qatar 0 180 3,849 3,136 0 0
RO  Romania 1,080 1,082 29,217 42,823 959 1,195
RS  Serbia 211 244 9,034 10,548 227 206
RU  Russia 21,882 23,247 417,883 543,692 6,299 8,289
RW  Rwanda 8 12 777 1,442 0 0
SA  Saudi Arabia 5,012 6,510 31,151 36,945 942 1,231
SC  Seychelles 32 25 1,451 1,288 0 0
SE  Sweden 22,221 21,803 57,008 51,178 5,402 4,798
SG  Singapore 8,572 9,313 56,747 54,958 1,631 1,982
SI  Slovenia 625 549 9,873 10,413 556 417
SK  Slovakia 457 525 10,868 12,965 454 459
SL  Sierra Leone 0 0 211 312 0 0
SM  San Marino 42 35 0 0 553 31
SN  Senegal 39 22 622 464 29 26
SO  Somalia 0 0 30 0 0 0
SR  Suriname 0 0 200 271 0 0
ST  São Tomé and Príncipe 0 0 48 17 0 0
SV  El Salvador 4 9 5,441 6,573 20 92
SX  Sint Maarten 0 0 35 115 0 0
SY  Syria 131 84 0 9,647 451 532
TD  Chad 7 2 7 24 3 8
TG  Togo 5 19 216 159 2 5
TH  Thailand 1,416 1,308 36,077 40,544 4,019 4,219
TJ  Tajikistan 5 0 0 0 0 0
TN  Tunisia 225 0 4,707 0 547 0
TO  Tonga 0 0 5 47 4 0
TR  Turkey 10,414 10,110 482,496 397,679 80,557 54,783
TT  Trinidad and Tobago 7 6 973 1,178 12 0
UA  Ukraine 1,045 1,236 28,087 44,711 2,038 3,166
UG  Uganda 16 0 2,069 0 56 40
US  United States 505,682 518,791 945,376 849,951 67,327 69,076
UY  Uruguay 101 76 6,774 6,571 0 0
UZ  Uzbekistan 475 541 13,499 12,133 236 221
VC  Saint Vincent and the Grenadines 2 1 107 311 0 0
VE  Venezuela 29 16 8,147 8,173 19 19
VN  Vietnam 1,057 1,119 87,482 87,038 2,365 2,168
VU  Vanuatu 2 1 36 50 6 5
WS  Samoa 0 56 386 436 9 0
YE  Yemen 13 11 3,650 3,230 56 84
ZA  South Africa 2,433 1,177 24,858 25,298 808 0
ZM  Zambia 14 6 1,134 1,499 62 173
ZW  Zimbabwe 37 33 1,018 1,133 28 26


Controversies

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Taiwanese patents

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Since Taiwan (ROC) is not a member of the United Nations, the number of patents filed in Taiwan is not reported. The number of patent applications filed with the Taiwan Intellectual Property Office (TIPO) in 2018 was 73,431,[15] which would place it in 6th place worldwide for that year, or 2nd place per capita. In 2014, Bloomberg ranked Taiwan #1 in Patent Activity, using UN data.[16][17] The last WIPO Indicators report to mention the name Taiwan was in 2017, noting the large number of patents by Foxconn.[18][19][20][21]

China has been criticized for its efforts in the UN to reduce the visibility of Taiwan,[22][23] including via WIPO; in 2020 Beijing reportedly retaliated to the failed election of a Chinese director-general of the organization by preventing the Wikimedia Foundation from gaining observer status at the WIPO, on the grounds that Wikimedia has a Taiwan subsidiary.[24][25][26]

References

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  1. ^ a b c "World Intellectual Property Indicators". www.wipo.int.
  2. ^ a b c "WIPO IP Statistics Data Center". www3.wipo.int. Retrieved 2021-08-27.
  3. ^ a b c d e "World Intellectual Property Indicators 2021" (PDF). World Intellectual Property Organization. Retrieved 28 April 2022. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
  4. ^ Office, European Patent. "PATSTAT. Worldwide Patent Statistical Database". www.epo.org. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  5. ^ "Intellectual Property Statistics". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  6. ^ "Publications: WIPO IP Facts and Figures". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  7. ^ "Statistical Country Profiles". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  8. ^ "Publications: PCT Yearly Review". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  9. ^ "Publications: Madrid Yearly Review". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  10. ^ "Publications: Hague Yearly Review". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2022-04-27.
  11. ^ a b c d "About WIPO's IP Statistics". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2022-04-27. Text was copied from this source, which is available under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
  12. ^ "World Intellectual Property Indicators 2021". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
  13. ^ "World Intellectual Property Indicators 2020". www.wipo.int. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
  14. ^ {Cite web|title=World Intellectual Property Indicators 2019|url=https://www.wipo.int/publications/en/details.jsp?id=4464%7Caccess-date=2021-08-26%7Cwebsite=www.wipo.int%7Clanguage=en}
  15. ^ "TIPO Statistics Report: Patent and Trademark Applications in 2018". Taiwan Intellectual Property Office. 18 March 2019. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  16. ^ Lu, Wei; Chan, Marcus (6 August 2017). "In Global Innovation Race, Taiwan Is Tops in Patents, Israel Leads in R&D - Bloomberg". Bloomberg. Archived from the original on 2017-08-06. Retrieved 18 September 2021.
  17. ^ "MOST INNOVATIVE IN THE WORLD 2014: COUNTRIES" (PDF). Bloomberg. 13 March 2016. Archived from the original (PDF) on 2016-03-13.
  18. ^ "World Intellectual Property Indicators 2017" (PDF). WIPO. World Intellectual Property Organization.
  19. ^ "World Intellectual Property Indicators 2018" (PDF). WIPO. World Intellectual Property Organization.
  20. ^ "World Intellectual Property Indicators 2019" (PDF). WIPO. World Intellectual Property Organization.
  21. ^ "World Intellectual Property Indicators 2020" (PDF). WIPO. World Intellectual Property Organization.
  22. ^ Horton, Chris (8 May 2017). "Blocked by China, Taiwan Presses to Join U.N. Agency's Meeting". The New York Times. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  23. ^ Lee, Kristine. "It's Not Just the WHO: How China Is Moving on the Whole U.N." POLITICO. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  24. ^ Glosserman, Brad (9 March 2020). "China loses a skirmish in fight for global influence". The Japan Times. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  25. ^ Hui, Mary (25 September 2020). "Beijing blocked Wikimedia from a UN agency because of "Taiwan-related issues"". Quartz. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
  26. ^ Magnier, Mark (30 September 2020). "Beijing blocks Wikipedia from UN agency to resist 'Western values': analysts". South China Morning Post. Retrieved 21 February 2021.
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