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List of conflicts between Romans and Persians

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

The following is a list of wars fought between Romans and Persians.

  Roman/Byzantine victory
  Parthian/Sasanian victory
  Inconclusive
Date War Belligerents Belligerents Result Notes
53 BCE Battle of Carrhae Roman Empire Parthian Empire Parthian victory Beginning of the Roman–Persian Wars
40–38 BCE Pompeian–Parthian invasion Roman Empire Parthian Empire Roman victory Status quo ante bellum
36-20 BCE Antony's Atropatene campaign Roman Empire Parthian Empire Parthian victory Status quo ante bellum
58–63 CE Roman–Parthian War Roman Empire Parthian Empire Inconclusive Treaty of Rhandeia
115–117 CE Trajan's Parthian campaign Roman Empire Parthian Empire Roman victory Romans annex Mesopotamia
161–166 CE Roman–Parthian War Roman Empire Parthian Empire Roman victory Arsacids re–establish themselves on the Armenian throne as Roman clients
Ctesiphon and Seleucia sacked
Rome has minor acquisitions in Mesopotamia
198 CE Battle of Ctesiphon Roman Empire Parthian Empire Roman victory Sack of Ctesiphon
216–217 CE Parthian war of Caracalla Roman Empire Parthian Empire Parthian victory Status quo ante bellum
  • Romans are forced to pay tribute
232 CE Sassanid campaign of Severus Alexander Roman Empire Sasanian Empire Inconclusive Severus claimed victory
229–241 CE Mesopotamian campaigns of Ardashir I Roman Empire Sasanian Empire Inconclusive Both sides make territorial gains
243 CE Battle of Resaena Roman Empire Sasanian Empire Roman victory Romans recover Nisibis and Singara
244 CE Battle of Misiche Roman Empire Sasanian Empire Sasanian victory Philip the Arab pays 500,000 denarii to the Sasanian Empire and cedes Armenia and Mesopotamia
Death of Gordian III
252–260 CE Second campaign of Shapur I against Rome Roman Empire Sasanian Empire Sasanian victory Sasanian empire capture Nisibis, Antioch and Edessa
363 CE Julian's Persian expedition Roman Empire Sasanian Empire Sasanian victory Sasanians annex five regions and fifteen major fortresses from the Roman Empire along with the consequent annexation of Armenia
367–371 CE Shapur II's 2nd Armenian campaign Roman Empire Sasanian Empire Roman victory Persians depose Arshak II of Armenia

Armenia is put under Roman suzerainty through Pap of Armenia entronization.

371 CE Battle of Bagavan Roman Empire Sasanian Empire Roman victory Seven Years Truce
378–386 CE Shapur III's Armenian Campaign Roman Empire Sasanian Empire Inconclusive Peace of Acilisene
421–422 CE Byzantine-Sasanian War Byzantine Empire Sasanian Empire Byzantine victory Status quo ante bellum
  • The Sassanids stop persecuting Christians on their territory
440 CE Byzantine–Sasanian War Byzantine Empire Sasanian Empire Inconclusive Status quo ante bellum
  • Both empires agree to battle northern nomads (Scythians)
502–506 CE Anastasian War Byzantine Empire Sasanian Empire Inconclusive Status quo ante bellum
  • Although Byzantium pays a very small amount of money, the Sassanians are forced to retreat without achieving their goals of the war. The tribute that the Persian king wanted to receive from the Romans was not paid.
  • The Byzantine Empire creates a new line of fortifications contrary to the Treaty of 422
526–532 CE Iberian War Byzantine Empire Sasanian Empire Inconclusive Sasanians retained Iberia, Byzantines retained Lazica
541–562 CE Lazic War Byzantine Empire Sasanian Empire Sasanian victory Fifty–Year Peace Treaty
572–591 CE Byzantine–Sasanian War of 572–591 Byzantine Empire Sasanian Empire Byzantine victory Khosrow II is restored to the Sasanian throne, Byzantine empire gets most of Persian Armenia and the western half of Iberia
602–628 CE Byzantine–Sasanian War of 602–628 Byzantine Empire Sasanian Empire Byzantine victory Status quo ante bellum
  • Political and economic crisis of the Sassanids
  • Beginning of the Arab conquests
  • The Sassanian Empire coughs up for all the damage[1]

Reference

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  1. ^ Greatrex 1991, p. 226.

Bibliography

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  • Greatrex, Geoffrey (1991). The Roman Eastern Frontier and the Persian wars.Part II.363-630AD. Routledge. ISBN 0-415-14687-9.