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List of black holes

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This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

This list of black holes (and stars considered probable candidates) is organized by mass (including black holes of undetermined mass); some items in this list are galaxies or star clusters that are believed to be organized around a black hole. Messier and New General Catalogue designations are given where possible.

Supermassive black holes and candidates

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See also: List of most massive black holes and List of quasars

Types

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Intermediate-mass black holes and candidates

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Stellar black holes and candidates

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Black holes detected by gravitational wave signals

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Main article: List of gravitational wave observations

As of February 2019, 10 mergers of binary black holes have been observed. In each case two black holes merged to a larger black hole. In addition, one neutron star merger has been observed (GW170817), forming a black hole. In addition, over 30 alerts have been issued since April 2019, of black hole merger candidates.

Multiple black hole systems

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Binary black holes

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In addition, the signal of several binary black holes merging into a single black hole and in so doing producing gravitational waves have been observed by the LIGO instrument. These are listed above in the section Black holes detected by gravitational wave signals.

Trinary black holes

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As of 2014, there are 5 triple black hole systems known.[27]

See also

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References

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  2. ^ Klesman, Alison (29 June 2017). "Astronomers spot a pair of orbiting supermassive black holes". Astronomy Magazine.
  3. ^ Ghisellini, Gabriele; Foschini, Luigi; Volonteri, Marta; Ghirlanda, Giancarlo; et al. (14 Jul 2009). "The blazar S5 0014+813: a real or apparent monster?". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 399 (1): L24–L28. arXiv:0906.0575. Bibcode:2009MNRAS.399L..24G. doi:10.1111/j.1745-3933.2009.00716.x. S2CID 14438667. 17:53:24 GMT.
  4. ^ Riechers, Dominik A.; Walter, Fabian; Carilli, Christopher L.; Lewis, Geraint F. (2009). "Imaging The Molecular Gas in a z = 3.9 Quasar Host Galaxy at 0."3 Resolution: A Central, Sub-Kiloparsec Scale Star Formation Reservoir in APM 08279+5255". The Astrophysical Journal. 690 (1): 463–485. arXiv:0809.0754. Bibcode:2009ApJ...690..463R. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/690/1/463. S2CID 13959993.
  5. ^ Saturni, F. G.; Trevese, D.; Vagnetti, F.; Perna, M.; Dadina, M. (2016). "A multi-epoch spectroscopic study of the BAL quasar APM 08279+5255. II. Emission- and absorption-line variability time lags". Astronomy and Astrophysics. 587: A43. arXiv:1512.03195. Bibcode:2016A&A...587A..43S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527152. S2CID 118548618.
  6. ^ M87's satellite galaxy NGC 4486B, SEDS
  7. ^ Romani, Roger W. (2006). "The Spectral Energy Distribution of the High-z Blazar Q0906+6930". The Astronomical Journal. 132 (5): 1959–1963. arXiv:astro-ph/0607581. Bibcode:2006AJ....132.1959R. doi:10.1086/508216. S2CID 119331684.
  8. ^ Nola Taylor Redd (March 5, 2014). "Monster Black Hole Spins at Half the Speed of Light". Space.com. Retrieved March 5, 2014.
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  10. ^ Foellmi, Cédric (2009). "What is the closest black hole to the Sun?". New Astronomy. 14 (8): 674–691. arXiv:0812.4232. Bibcode:2009NewA...14..674F. doi:10.1016/j.newast.2009.04.003. S2CID 12843219.
  11. ^ Burke, Mark J.; Raychaudhury, Somak; Kraft, Ralph P.; Brassington, Nicola J.; Hardcastle, Martin J.; Goodger, Joanna L.; Sivakoff, Gregory R.; Forman, William R.; Jones, Christine; Woodley, Kristin A.; Murray, Stephen S.; Kainulainen, Jouni; Birkinshaw, Mark; Croston, Judith H.; Evans, Daniel A.; Gilfanov, Marat; Jordán, Andrés; Sarazin, Craig L.; Voss, Rasmus; Worrall, Diana M.; Zhang, Zhongli (2012). "A Transient Sub-Eddington Black Hole X-Ray Binary Candidate in the Dust Lanes of Centaurus A". The Astrophysical Journal. 749 (2): 112. arXiv:1202.3149. Bibcode:2012ApJ...749..112B. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/749/2/112. S2CID 49949444.
  12. ^ Kreidberg, Laura; Bailyn, Charles D.; Farr, Will M.; Kalogera, Vicky (2012). "Mass Measurements of Black Holes in X-ray Transients: is There a Mass Gap?". The Astrophysical Journal. 757 (36): 17pp. arXiv:1205.1805. Bibcode:2012ApJ...757...36K. doi:10.1088/0004-637x/757/1/36. S2CID 118452794.
  13. ^ a b Andrea Thompson (1 April 2008). "Smallest Black Hole Found". Space.com.
  14. ^ Knapp, Alex (2012-02-22). "The Smallest Known Black Hole Has 20 Million Mile Per Hour Winds". Forbes. Retrieved 2012-02-22.
  15. ^ NASA.gov, "NASA's RXTE Detects 'Heartbeat' of Smallest Black Hole Candidate", 2011.12.15 (accessed 2011.12.17)
  16. ^ Liu, Jifeng; et al. (27 November 2019). "A wide star–black-hole binary system from radial-velocity measurements". Nature. 575 (7784): 618–621. arXiv:1911.11989. Bibcode:2019Natur.575..618L. doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1766-2. PMID 31776491. S2CID 208310287. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
  17. ^ Chinese Academy of Science (27 November 2019). "Chinese Academy of Sciences leads discovery of unpredicted stellar black hole". EurekAlert!. Retrieved 29 November 2019.
  18. ^ ScienceDaily, "Heaviest Stellar Black Hole Discovered In Nearby Galaxy", Oct. 18, 2007 (accessed 12-12-2009)
  19. ^ Kailash Sahu; et al. (Jan 31, 2022). "An Isolated Stellar-mass Black Hole Detected through Astrometric Microlensing". The Astrophysical Journal. 933 (1): 83. arXiv:2201.13296. Bibcode:2022ApJ...933...83S. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac739e. S2CID 246430448.
  20. ^ Lam, Casey Y.; Lu, Jessica R.; Udalski, Andrzej; Bond, Ian; Bennett, David P.; Skowron, Jan; Mroz, Przemek; Poleski, Radek; Sumi, Takahiro; Szymanski, Michal K.; Kozlowski, Szymon (2022-05-31). "An Isolated Mass-gap Black Hole or Neutron Star Detected with Astrometric Microlensing". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 933 (1): L23. arXiv:2202.01903. Bibcode:2022ApJ...933L..23L. doi:10.3847/2041-8213/ac7442. S2CID 246608178.
  21. ^ Gianopoulos, Andrea (2022-06-07). "Hubble Determines Mass of Isolated Black Hole Roaming Milky Way". NASA. Retrieved 2022-06-12.
  22. ^ Gerke, Brian F.; Newman, Jeffrey A.; Lotz, Jennifer; Yan, Renbin; Barmby, P.; Coil, Alison L.; Conselice, Christopher J.; Ivison, R. J.; Lin, Lihwai; Koo, David C.; Nandra, Kirpal; Salim, Samir; Small, Todd; Weiner, Benjamin J.; Cooper, Michael C.; Davis, Marc; Faber, S. M.; Guhathakurta, Puragra; et al. (6 April 2007). "The DEEP2 Galaxy Redshift Survey: AEGIS Observations of a Dual AGN AT z p 0.7". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 660 (1): L23–L26. arXiv:astro-ph/0608380. Bibcode:2007ApJ...660L..23G. doi:10.1086/517968. S2CID 14320681.
  23. ^ Valtonen, M. J.; Nilsson, K.; Sillanpää, A.; et al. (2006). "The 2005 November Outburst in OJ 287 and the Binary Black Hole Model". The Astrophysical Journal. 643 (1): L9–L12. Bibcode:2006ApJ...643L...9V. doi:10.1086/505039.
  24. ^ Xaq Rzetelny (8 January 2015). "Supermassive black hole binary discovered".
  25. ^ Matthew J. Graham; S. George Djorgovski; Daniel Stern; Eilat Glikman; Andrew J. Drake; Ashish A. Mahabal; et al. (25 July 2014). "A possible close supermassive black-hole binary in a quasar with optical periodicity". Nature. 518 (7537) (published 7 January 2015): 74–76. arXiv:1501.01375. Bibcode:2015Natur.518...74G. doi:10.1038/nature14143. ISSN 0028-0836. PMID 25561176. S2CID 4459433.
  26. ^ ESA (25 April 2014). "Unique pair of hidden black holes discovered by XMM-Newton". Space Daily.
  27. ^ a b Deane, R. P.; Paragi, Z.; Jarvis, M. J.; Coriat, M.; Bernardi, G.; Fender, R. P.; et al. (24 June 2014). "A close-pair binary in a distant triple supermassive black hole system". Nature. 511 (7507) (published July 2014): 57–60. arXiv:1406.6365. Bibcode:2014Natur.511...57D. doi:10.1038/nature13454. PMID 24990745. S2CID 4461647.
  28. ^ Schawinski, Kevin; Urry, Meg; Treister, Ezequiel; Simmons, Brooke; Natarajan, Priyamvada; Glikman, Eilat (29 November 2011). "Evidence for Three Accreting Black Holes in a Galaxy at z ~ 1.35: A Snapshot of Recently Formed Black Hole Seeds?". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 743 (2) (published December 2011): 6. arXiv:1111.6973. Bibcode:2011ApJ...743L..37S. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/743/2/L37. S2CID 118497392. L37.
  29. ^ Liu, Xin; Shen, Yue; Strauss, Michael A. (18 April 2011). "Cosmic Train Wreck by Massive Black Holes: Discovery of a Kiloparsec-scale Triple Active Galactic Nucleus". The Astrophysical Journal Letters. 736 (1) (published July 2011): L7–L11. arXiv:1104.3391. Bibcode:2011ApJ...736L...7L. doi:10.1088/2041-8205/736/1/L7. S2CID 118350891. L7.
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