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List of attacks on legislatures

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The following is a list of attacks on state or national legislatures.

19th century or earlier

[edit]
Attack Date Country Details
Gunpowder Plot 5 November 1605  England Failed assassination attempt against King James I by a group of provincial English Catholics led by Robert Catesby.
Five Members 5 November 1642  England Attempt to arrest members of the House of Commons by King Charles I, leading to the First English Civil War.
Battle of York 27 April 1813  Upper Canada The U.S. Army temporarily occupied the Upper Canada capital of York (modern-day Toronto) during the War of 1812, plundering and burning many government buildings including the seat of the Legislative Assembly of Upper Canada.
Burning of Washington 24 August 1814  United States A British Army force under the command of General Robert Ross marched into Washington D.C. after winning the Battle of Bladensburg in the Chesapeake Campaign and burnt numerous buildings—including the White House and the U.S. Capitol—in retaliation for the Battle of York and similar American raids in Upper Canada. The U.S. federal government, including President James Madison, was forced to evacuate to Montgomery County, Maryland. To date, the incident remains the only time the capital of the United States was invaded or occupied by a foreign force.
Storming of the Venezuelan National Congress 24 January 1848  Venezuela Brawl at the headquarters of the Venezuelan Congress in Caracas between the Conservatives and Liberals, which had led almost two decades of continuous clashes.[1]
French demonstration of 15 May 1848 15 May 1848  France Intended to reverse the results of a Second-Republic election of deputies to the Constituent Assembly.
Burning of the Parliament Buildings in Montreal 25 April 1849 British Canada Part of week-long rioting by Montreal Tories against the passage of the Rebellion Losses Bill providing amnesties and indemnities following the Rebellions of 1837–1838
Haitian Civil War of 1867–1869 14 October 1867  Haiti During a standoff related to the Montas affair, a pro-Sylvain Salnave mob entered the chamber of deputies and expelled all its representatives. Chairs and tables were broken and portraits were damaged.[2][3]
French Chamber of Deputies bombing 9 December 1893  France Auguste Vaillant, an anarchist, threw a homemade bomb inside the Chamber of Deputies of France and was immediately arrested after slightly injuring twenty deputies.[4] He was tried and guillotined in February the following year.

20th century

[edit]
Attack Date Country Details
1908 bombardment of the Majlis 23 June 1908  Qajar Iran During the Persian Constitutional Revolution, Persian Cossacks loyal to Shah Mohammad Ali Shah Qajar and commanded by Russian colonel Vladimir Liakhov bombarded the Baharestan building housing the National Consultative Assembly in Tehran to force the surrender of the leaders of the Constitutional Movement before plundering the building.[5]
1915 United States Capitol bomb attack 2 July 1915  United States German-American activist, spy and former Harvard University professor Eric Muenter hid a package containing three sticks of dynamite and a timer under a telephone switchboard in the U.S. Capitol's Senate reception room. The bomb exploded at 11:40 p.m., causing no casualties or injuries.[6] Muenter, who at that time was living under the guise of Stanford professor "Frank Holt" after killing his pregnant wife in 1906, then bombed the SS Minnehaha in New York City and shot J. P. Morgan Jr. in the span of the next 24 hours.[7][8] According to Muenter, his actions were in order to prevent United States involvement in World War I.[9]
Storming of the Belgian Parliament 29 July 1920  Belgium World War I veterans stormed the Palace of the Nation housing the Belgian Parliament, demanding the government hear their demands for compensation.[10]
Bombing of the Central Legislative Assembly Building 8 April 1929  British India Indian nationalists Bhagat Singh and Batukeshwar Dutt threw two bombs and leaflets inside the Central Legislative Assembly (the lower house of the British Indian legislature) in New Delhi in protest over the Trade Disputes and the Public Safety Bill being presented in the Assembly and the death of Lala Lajpat Rai.[11] Few sustained injuries in the explosion and there were no deaths, which Singh and Dutt claimed was intentional.[12] Singh was initially sentenced to life imprisonment, but was executed after additional charges were brought, while Dutt was also sentenced to life but was later released.
Reichstag fire 27 February 1933  Nazi Germany Arson attack on the Reichstag building, home of the German parliament in Berlin. The day after the fire, the Reichstag Fire Decree was passed. The Nazi Party used the fire as a pretext to claim that communists were plotting against the German government, which made the fire pivotal in the establishment of Nazi Germany.
6 February 1934 crisis 6 February 1934  France Violent demonstrations outside the Palais Bourbon by members of far-right groups in opposition to the coalition government of Édouard Daladier, resulting in the deaths of 15 demonstrators at the hands of police.
The Blitz 10-11 May 1941  United Kingdom A nighttime bombing raid by the Luftwaffe on London saw the Houses of Parliament on the Palace of Westminster hit 12 times, killing Resident Superintendent of the House of Lords, Edward Elliott, and two policemen, and causing a fire that destroyed the House of Commons chamber.[13][14]
1943 Lebanese demonstrations 22 November 1943  Lebanon Demonstrators stormed the Lebanese parliament in protest after the arrest of Prime Minister Riad Al Solh, President Bechara El Khoury, Camille Chamoun, and other personalities by Free French troops.[15][failed verification]
Levant Crisis 29 May 1945  Syria French troops stormed the Syrian parliament and tried to arrest President Shukri al-Quwatli and Speaker Saadallah al-Jabiri but both managed to escape. The French burned and bombarded the building.[16]
1950 Haitian coup d'état 8 May 1950  Haiti During a constitutional crisis between President Dumarsais Estimé and the Senate, a pro-Estimé mob invaded the Senate, completely destroyed it, and looted its items as trophies. Faced with this situation, the Haitian army intervened with a coup.[17]
Israel reparations protests 7 January 1952  Israel Protesters critical of the Reparations Agreement between Israel and West Germany led by future Prime Minister Menachem Begin threw stones at the Frumin House in Jerusalem, then the seat of the Knesset, one of which smashed through a window and injured MK Hanan Rubin.[18]
1954 United States Capitol shooting 1 March 1954  United States Four Puerto Rican nationalists wanting Puerto Rico's independence shot 30 rounds from semi-automatic pistols from the Ladies' Gallery (a balcony for visitors) of the House of Representatives chamber in the United States Capitol.
Frumin House bombing 29 October 1957  Israel Moshe Dwek entered Frumin House and lobbed a grenade into the Knesset chamber which exploded. Among those injured were the Minister of Transportation, Moshe Carmel, the Minister of Religion, Haim-Moshe Shapira, Prime Minister David Ben-Gurion and Foreign Minister Golda Meir. Dwek, who claimed to have had a grudge against the Jewish Agency and the Israeli Supreme Court was sentenced to 15 years in prison. The incident led to the creation of the Knesset's own security apparatus, the Knesset Guard.[19]
15 June Incident 15 June 1960  Japan Hundreds of thousands of protestors opposed to the Treaty of Mutual Cooperation and Security between the United States and Japan marching on the National Diet building in Tokyo were attacked by right-wing counter-demonstrators with wooden staves and trucks, before leftist Zengakuren members breached the Diet building, provoking an hours-long battle with police and leading to the death of one Zengakuren activist.
Parliament of Canada failed bomb plot 18 May 1966  Canada Paul Joseph Chartier died when a bomb he was preparing exploded in a washroom of the Parliament of Canada. It is believed that he was preparing to bomb the House of Commons.
1971 United States Capitol bombing 1 March 1971  United States The Weather Underground set off a bomb in the United States Capitol causing an estimated $300,000 in damage.[20]
1974 Houses of Parliament bombing 17 June 1974  United Kingdom The Provisional IRA bombed the British Houses of Parliament, causing extensive damage and injuring eleven people.[21][22][23]
Storming of the National Palace 22-24 August 1978  Nicaragua During the Nicaraguan Revolution, Sandinista rebels led by Eden Pastora seized the National Palace in Managua while during a session of Congress, taking 2,000 hostages. Pastora demanded money, the release of Sandinista prisoners, and, "a means of publicizing the Sandinista cause."[24] After two days, the government of Anastasio Somoza Debayle agreed to pay $500,000 and to release certain prisoners, ending the siege.[25]
Assassination of Airey Neave 30 March 1979  United Kingdom Airey Neave, British Shadow Secretary of State for Northern Ireland, was assassinated by the Irish National Liberation Army with a bomb fixed under his car. The bomb detonated in the car park of the Palace of Westminster in London and mortally wounded Neave, who died shortly after being admitted to hospital.[26]
1981 Spanish coup d'état attempt 23 February 1981  Spain Lieutenant-Colonel Antonio Tejero led 200 armed Civil Guard officers into the Congress of Deputies during the vote to elect a President of the Government. The officers held the parliamentarians and ministers hostage for 18 hours, during which time King Juan Carlos I denounced the coup in a televised address, calling for rule of law and the democratic government to continue. Though shots were fired, the hostage-takers surrendered the next morning without killing anyone.
1983 United States Senate bombing 7 November 1983  United States Bomb explosion at the United States Senate motivated by U.S. military involvement in Lebanon and Grenada.
National Assembly of Quebec shooting 8 May 1984  Canada Denis Lortie, a former Canadian Forces corporal, stormed into the building housing the National Assembly of Quebec and opened fire with several firearms, killing three Quebec government employees and wounding 13 others.
1987 Fijian coups d'état 14 May 1987  Fiji Hardline I-Taukei soldiers led by Lieutenant Colonel Sitiveni Rabuka entered the House of Representatives in Suva and ordered the eviction of Prime Minister Timoci Bavadra and all MPs inside before announcing their takeover of the government
1987 grenade attack in the Sri Lankan Parliament 18 August 1987  Sri Lanka An assailant hurled two grenades into a room where Members of Parliament were meeting. The grenades bounced off the table at which President J. R. Jayawardene and Prime Minister Ranasinghe Premadasa were sitting, and rolled away. A Member of Parliament and a ministry secretary were killed by the explosions. The attacks are attributed to the Janatha Vimukthi Peramuna, a Sinhalese nationalist militant organization.
1989 Parliament Hill hijacking and hostage incident 7 April 1989  Canada On the Champlain Bridge near Montreal, Charles Yacoub used a gun to hijack a Greyhound Montreal to New York City intercity bus, taking the driver and passengers hostage and ordering the bus to Parliament Hill in Ottawa. A hostage standoff ensued on the lawn of the legislature for several hours. Yacoub released the remaining hostages and surrendered to police that evening. He later stated his goal was to draw attention to civilian deaths in the Lebanese Civil War.[27]
Intermovement storming 15 May 1990  Estonia Intermovement (a hardline, anti-Perestroika, pro-Soviet organisation consisting mostly of ethnic Russians) held a mass gathering in front of Toompea Castle in the capital Tallinn, breaking into the courtyard and escalating into an attempt to take over the parliament building; although they failed to reach the chambers.[28] Prime Minister of the Interim Estonian Government, Edgar Savisaar, asked people to defend the legislature in a radio call.[28] Thousands of Estonians responded, assembled by the parliament building and forced the unarmed anti-independence protesters to leave the site after some three hours with no reported significant injuries.[28] An estimated 5,000 people took part in the storming of the legislature.[28]
Jamaat al Muslimeen coup attempt 27 July-1 August 1990  Trinidad and Tobago Members of the radical Islamist group Jamaat al Muslimeen tried to overthrow the government and seized media outlets and the Red House, the seat of the country's Parliament in Port-of-Spain, taking Prime Minister A. N. R. Robinson hostage along with most of his cabinet. Robinson was shot and injured by the insurgents, while MP Leo Des Vignes later died of his injuries. The takeover ended on 1 August after the rebels, who had been isolated by the army, agreed to surrender in exchange for an amnesty.[29]
1991–92 Georgian coup d'état 22 December 1991 to 6 January 1992  Georgia Paramilitary forces attacked, besieged and finally captured the Georgian Parliament building in Tbilisi, leading to the fall of President Zviad Gamsakhurdia.
1993 Russian constitutional crisis 4 October 1993  Russia Political stand-off between Russian president Boris Yeltsin and the Russian legislature that was resolved by military force. The relations between the president and the parliament had been deteriorating for some time, reached its crisis on 21 September, when Yeltsin intended to dissolve the country's highest body (Congress of People's Deputies) and parliament (Supreme Soviet). On 3 October, demonstrators removed police cordons around the parliament and, urged by their leaders, took over the Mayor's offices and tried to storm the Ostankino television centre. The Russian Army, which had initially declared its neutrality, stormed the Russian White House in the early morning hours of 4 October by Yeltsin's order, and arrested the leaders of the resistance.[30][31]
Rwandan Civil War 6 April-4 July 1994  Rwanda At the beginning of the Rwandan Genocide, the building housing the Transitional National Assembly of Rwanda, which also hosted a garrison of the Rwandan Patriotic Army that was stationed there to protect representatives of the Rwandan Patriotic Front participating in peace negotiations, was besieged by the Rwandan Armed Forces and Hutu genocidaires. Despite this, the building became a refuge for Tutsis fleeing the genocide until the RPF captured Kigali and relieved the garrison.[32]
1996 Parliament House riot 19 August 1996  Australia Attack on Parliament House, Canberra, when protesters broke away from the "Cavalcade to Canberra" rally organised by the Australian Council of Trade Unions (ACTU) and sought to force their way into the national Parliament, causing property damage and attacking police.
Fall of Suharto 17-22 May 1998  Indonesia Up to 2,000 students occupied the People's Representative Council demanding an end to the 32-year dictatorship of President Suharto. After he resigned on 21 May, the students were evicted by the army without serious injury.[33]
1998 United States Capitol shooting 24 July 1998  United States Attack that led to the deaths of two United States Capitol Police officers. Officer Jacob Chestnut and Detective John Gibson were killed when Russell Eugene Weston Jr., entered the Capitol and opened fire.[34] Weston's exact motives are unknown, but he had expressed a strong distrust of the federal government of the United States.[35] As of July 2018,[36] Weston, diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia, remained in a mental institution.[37][38]
Armenian parliament shooting 27 October 1999  Armenia Attack on the National Assembly in Yerevan by a group of five armed men led by Nairi Hunanyan that, among others, killed the two de facto decision-makers in the country's political leadership—Prime Minister Vazgen Sargsyan and Parliament Speaker Karen Demirchyan.

21st century

[edit]
Attack Date Country Details
2000 Fijian coup d'état 19 May-13 July 2000  Fiji Hardline I-Taukeis led by George Speight stormed the country's parliament and took Prime Minister Mahendra Chaudhry and all but one member of his cabinet hostage. During captivity, Chaudhry was removed from office on 27 May by President Kamisese Mara, who was in turn deposed in a coup on 29 May by Commodore Frank Bainimarama, commander of the Royal Fiji Military Forces. Although hostages were gradually released, the ensuing standoff created a political crisis that ended with Speight releasing the remaining hostages in exchange for an amnesty and the accession of Josefa Iloilo to the presidency on 13 July.
Overthrow of Slobodan Milošević 5 October 2000  Federal Republic of Yugoslavia Protesters demanding the resignation of President Slobodan Milošević stormed the Federal Assembly in Belgrade, smashing glass, throwing documents from windows and setting several fires on the ground floor despite police firing tear gas from inside the building.[39]
Zug massacre 27 September 2001   Switzerland Friedrich Leibacher shot dead 14 people in the cantonal parliament in Zug before killing himself.[40]
2001 Jammu and Kashmir legislative assembly car bombing 1 October 2001  India Three militants belonging to Jaish-e-Mohammed carried out an attack on the Jammu and Kashmir State Legislative Assembly complex in Srinagar using a Tata Sumo loaded with explosives, ramming it into the main gate with three fidayeen suicide bombers.[41][42] 38 people and three fidayeen were killed in this attack.[43]
2001 Indian Parliament attack 13 December 2001  India Gun attack on the Parliament of India in New Delhi. The perpetrators belonged to Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT) and Jaish-e-Mohammed (JeM).[44] The attack killed ten people and led to increased tensions between India and Pakistan, resulting in the 2001–02 India–Pakistan standoff. The five assailants were killed outside the parliament.
2001 Odisha Assembly attack 16 December 2001  India High-profile attack by Bajrang Dal, Vishwa Hindu Parishad and Durga Vahini on the Odisha State Legislative Assembly complex in Bhubaneswar.
2007 Iraqi Parliament bombing 12 April 2007  Iraq The canteen of the Council of Representatives of Iraq building in Baghdad was attacked by a suicide bomber who had breached the Green Zone. The canteen was on the same floor as the main debating chamber. MP Mohammed Awad al-Jibouri of the National Dialogue Front, was killed in the attack; 23 others were injured, including 5 MPs from the Iraqi Accord Front, 3 MPs from the United Iraq Alliance, and 3 MPs from Muqtada al-Sadr's list.[45]
Batasang Pambansa bombing 13 November 2007  Philippines Bombing that occurred in front of the House of Representatives in Quezon City. The blast killed Congressman Wahab Akbar and Marcial Taldo, a staff member of Congresswoman Luzviminda Ilagan, and wounded Ilagan, Congressman Pryde Henry Teves, and two others.[46]
2010 Kyrgyz Revolution 7 April 2010  Kyrgyzstan Opposition leaders and demonstrators led by Omurbek Tekebayev stormed the Jogorku Kenesh building in Bishkek demanding the overthrow of President Kurmanbek Bakiyev.[47]
2010 Chechen Parliament attack 19 October 2010  Russia Three Chechen militants attacked the parliament complex in Grozny, the capital of the Chechen Republic, a federal subject of Russia.[citation needed] At least six people were killed, including two police officers, one parliament employee and all three suicide commandos.[citation needed]
Tripoli protests 21 February 2011 Libya Libya Protesters demanding the overthrow of Muammar Gaddafi set fire to the People's Hall housing the General People's Congress in Tripoli.[48]
2013 occupation of the Brazilian Congress 16 April 2013  Brazil Amid a wave of social unrest in Brazil, indigenous demonstrators representing some 70 indigenous tribes occupied the Chamber of Deputies in Brasilia. A similar attempt by several hundred indigenous demonstrators to storm Congress on October 2, 2013 was halted by police using pepper spray.[49]
2013 protests in Brazil 17 June 2013  Brazil Protesters occupied the Rio de Janeiro State Legislative Chamber in Rio de Janeiro city, causing riot police to be called in. Three protesters were injured by gunfire, reportedly by police forces, while ten others were hospitalized.[50]
Capture of the Crimean Parliament 27 February 2014  Ukraine During the early phase of the Russian annexation of Crimea, Russian special forces in unmarked uniforms entered the building of the Verkhovna Rada of Crimea and took control of it.
Sunflower Student Movement 18 March 2014  Taiwan Opponents of the Cross-Strait Service Trade Agreement with the People's Republic of China that was passed by skipping through certain procedures occupied the offices of the Legislative Yuan until April 10, when the parliamentary leadership agreed to a more thorough review of the agreement.
2014 shootings at Parliament Hill, Ottawa 22 October 2014  Canada At the Canadian National War Memorial, Corporal Nathan Cirillo, a Canadian soldier and reservist on ceremonial sentry duty was fatally shot by Michael Zehaf-Bibeau. Zehaf-Bibeau then entered the nearby Centre Block parliament building, where members of the Parliament of Canada were attending caucuses. After wrestling with a constable at the entrance, Zehaf-Bibeau ran inside and had a shootout with parliament security personnel. He was shot 31 times by six officers and died on scene.[51][52][53]
2014 Burkina Faso uprising 30 October 2014  Burkina Faso A crowd of about 1,500 demonstrators protesting against plans by President Blaise Compaoré to extend his rule stormed the National Assembly building in Ouagadougou and set the structure on fire along with documents and nearby cars, while stealing computer equipment.[54]
2016 Turkish coup attempt 15–16 July 2016  Turkey Putschists bombed the Grand National Assembly Building in Ankara from the air.[55]
2016 Gabonese parliament attack 31 August 2016  Gabon Protesters demonstrating against President Ali Bongo Ondimba's reelection victory in the 2016 Gabonese presidential election entered the back of the National Assembly building in Libreville and set part of the structure on fire.[56]
2016 Brazilian Congress attack 17 November 2016  Brazil Around 60 protesters demanding a military coup to overturn the Brazilian government broke a glass door and entered the Chamber of Deputies at the National Congress Palace in Brasilia; they violently clashed with guards before being dispersed by police after three hours.[57]
2017 Westminster attack 22 March 2017  United Kingdom Terrorist attack took place outside the Palace of Westminster in London, seat of the British Parliament. The attacker drove a car into pedestrians on the pavement along the south side of Westminster Bridge and Bridge Street, injuring more than 50 people, four of them fatally. He then crashed the car into the perimeter fence of the palace grounds and ran into New Palace Yard, where he fatally stabbed an unarmed police officer. He was then shot by an armed police officer, and died at the scene.
2017 Paraguayan crisis 31 March 2017  Paraguay As a response to a constitutional amendment that would permit President Horacio Cartes to run for re-election,[58] protests broke out in Asunción against the legislation. During the protests, the windows were broken and Congress was set on fire by protesters. Fencing surrounding the compound was also removed. Police used water cannons, tear gas and rubber bullets to disperse the demonstrators.[59]
2017 storming of Macedonian Parliament 27 April 2017  Macedonia About 200 Macedonian nationalists (some of whom were members and sympathizers of VMRO-DPMNE) stormed the Macedonian Parliament in Skopje in reaction to the election of Talat Xhaferi, an ethnic Albanian, as Speaker.[60]
2017 Tehran attacks 7 June 2017  Iran Two simultaneous terrorist attacks carried out by five members of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL) against the Iranian Parliament building and the Mausoleum of Ruhollah Khomeini, both in Tehran, leaving 17 civilians dead and 43 wounded.[61][62][63]
2017 Venezuelan National Assembly attack 5 July 2017  Venezuela Colectivos and supporters of President Nicolás Maduro stormed the Palacio Federal Legislativo in Caracas on the Independence Day of Venezuela, assaulting many members of the opposition-led National Assembly.[64] At least 12 opposition legislators and their staff were injured as a result of the attack.[65]
APEC Papua New Guinea 2018 20 November 2018  Papua New Guinea Police and soldiers protesting unpaid allowances from the APEC summit held a few days prior stormed the National Parliament House in Port Moresby, damaging property and assaulting parliamentary staff before they were dispersing following promises by government ministers to release their payments.[66]
Storming of the Legislative Council Complex 1 July 2019  Hong Kong Siege, break-in, and subsequent occupation of the Legislative Council Complex by anti-government activists during the campaign to halt the enactment of the Fugitive Offenders amendment bill. Hundreds of protesters broke through the glass walls and metal doors and entered the building, ransacked and vandalised the interior with anti-government and anti-PRC slogans. It is considered a watershed event in the 2019–20 Hong Kong protests.[67] Nine days later, on 9 July, the Chief Executive, Carrie Lam, announced that the extradition bill was "dead".[68]
2019 Papua protests 19 August 2019  Indonesia Demonstrators protesting against the arrest of separatist student activists set fire to the West Papua provincial parliament in Manokwari.[69]
2019 South Korean Capitol attack 16 December 2019  South Korea Supporters of the Liberty Korea Party and impeached former president Park Geun-hye assaulted police and lawmakers at the Korea National Assembly Proceeding Hall in Seoul.
2020 Azerbaijan protests 14 July 2020  Azerbaijan Protesters demonstrating against the death of military personnel during clashes with Armenia broke into the National Assembly building in Baku and caused minor damage.[70]
2020 Kyrgyz Revolution 6 October 2020  Kyrgyzstan Protesters demonstrating against electoral fraud during parliamentary elections held on 4 October and demanding the resignation of President Sooronbay Jeenbekov stormed the Jogorku Kenesh building in Bishkek, scattering papers and setting parts of the building on fire.[71]
2020 storming of the Armenian Parliament 10 November 2020  Armenia Protesters demonstrating against Armenia's defeat in the Second Nagorno-Karabakh War and demanding the resignation of Prime Minister Nikol Pashinyan stormed the National Assembly, making speeches in the main hall and destroying equipment in some offices before being escorted out by police.[72]
2020 Guatemalan protests 21 November 2020  Guatemala Hundreds of anti-government protesters vandalized and set fire to parts of the empty Congress building, before being dispersed by riot police after about ten minutes. The attack came amid protests against a budget bill presented by President Alejandro Giammattei that was approved by the legislature.[73]
Oregon State Capitol breach 21 December 2020  United States A group of armed protesters breached the Oregon State Capitol in opposition to health restrictions related to the COVID-19 pandemic in Oregon.[74]
2021 United States Capitol attack 6 January 2021  United States Violent riot and insurrection against the United States Congress, carried out by a mob of supporters of U.S. President Donald Trump in an attempt to overturn his defeat in the 2020 presidential election. After Trump spoke to a crowd, his supporters marched down Pennsylvania Avenue to the Capitol, where a joint session of Congress was beginning the Electoral College vote count. Many of the crowd breached police perimeters, attacked U.S. Capitol Police officers, and stormed the building in an attempt to prevent the counting of the electoral votes, which formalized President-elect Joe Biden's election victory. Ashli Babbitt, one of the rioters, was shot and killed by a Capitol police officer while attempting to breach the House chamber. Capitol Police officer Brian Sicknick died the following day after suffering multiple strokes.[75] Among the participants in the domestic terrorist attack were members and supporters of right-wing extremist groups, including the Proud Boys, Oath Keepers, and Three Percenters.[76] Hundreds of participants were convicted of federal crimes for their roles in the January 6 insurrection,[77] including crimes of violence against police and with criminal conspiracy.[76] Several leaders, including Elmer Stewart Rhodes and Enrique Tarrio, were convicted of seditious conspiracy.[76][78]
April 2021 United States Capitol car attack 2 April 2021  United States A delusional man rammed a car into a barricade outside of the United States Capitol.[79] The perpetrator and a police officer were killed, and another officer was injured.[80]
2022 Parliament of South Africa fire 6 January 2022  South Africa At 5:00 am, a 49 year-old man started a fire on the third floor of the National Council of Provinces building which spread to several other parts of the parliamentary complex, causing significant damage before being extinguished. The suspect later claimed he wanted to prevent President Cyril Ramaphosa from delivering his annual State of the Nation address, and to demand his resignation.[81]
2022 Wellington protests 6 February – 2 March 2022  New Zealand Anti vaccine and anti mandate protesters combined with far right extremists occupied the grounds of the New Zealand Parliament for 24 days.[82] Tents were set up, Parliament grounds were dug up in what culminated on 2 March into a confrontation between police and protesters that turned violent. Tents and the parliamentary playground was set alight. 40 police officers were injured when paving bricks among other objects were used against police who were conducting a tactical operation to end the occupation.[83][84]
2022 Iraq parliament attack 27 July 2022  Iraq Supporters of Iraqi cleric Muqtada al-Sadr stormed the Council of Representatives of Iraq in protest of the proposal to appoint Mohammed Shia' Al Sudani as prime minister of Iraq. The protestors left the parliament after al-Sadr called upon the protestors to "pray and go home".[85]
2023 Brazilian Congress attack 8 January 2023  Brazil Supporters of former president Jair Bolsonaro stormed the National Congress, along with other top-level government buildings on the Praça dos Três Poderes, demanding the resignation or removal of recently-inaugurated president Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva.[86]
Storming of the Nuevo Leon State Congress 29 November 2023  Mexico Protesters demonstrating against the appointment of a replacement for outgoing Nuevo Leon state governor Samuel García entered the state congress in Monterrey and set off a smoke bomb inside the chamber.[87]
Lok Sabha protest 13 December 2023  India Two antigovernment protestors jumped from the visitors’ gallery of the Lok Sabha into the MPs’ seating area carrying small canisters that emitted yellow smoke before being apprehended along with two accomplices by MPs, parliamentary security guards and Delhi police.[88]
2024 Parliament of Kenya attack 25 June 2024  Kenya The Parliament Building in Nairobi was set on fire after protesters demonstrating against a finance bill entered the complex.[89]
Non-cooperation movement (2024) 5 August 2024  Bangladesh The Jatiya Sangsad Bhaban housing the Parliament of Bangladesh in Dhaka was stormed by protesters demanding the resignation of Prime Minister Sheikh Hasina.[90]
2024 Mexican judicial reform protests 10 September 2024  Mexico Protesters demonstrating against proposed judicial reforms that would require all judges to be directly elected stormed the Federal Senate in Mexico City.[91]

See also

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References

[edit]
  1. ^ "Atentado al Congreso de 1848". Archived from the original on 19 September 2016. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
  2. ^ Léger, Jacques Nicolas (1907). Haiti: Her History and Her Detractors. Neale Publishing Company. p. 213.
  3. ^ J.-C. DORSAINVIL (1934). Manuel d'histoire d'Haiti. p. 291.
  4. ^ The Anarchist Encyclopedia – Auguste Vaillant entry Archived 23 January 2008 at the Wayback Machine
  5. ^ "Cossack Commander In Charge of Tehran - Russians Bombard Iranian Parliament". Archived from the original on 26 August 2016. Retrieved 29 October 2010.
  6. ^ "Bomb Rocks Capitol". United States Senate. Retrieved 19 May 2013.
  7. ^ Kinghorn, Jonathan. "S.S. Minnehaha". The Atlantic Transport Line. Retrieved 14 June 2014.
  8. ^ "Intruder Has Dynamite – Forces His Way Into Banker's House at East Island, L. I. – Mrs. Morgan Risks Life – Leaps in Front of Husband, Who Thrusts Her Aside and Knocks Holt Down. – Wife Seizes His Revolver – As Financier Struggles on Flood She Aids Him Until the Servants Arrive. – British Ambassador Near – Sir Cecil Spring Rice a Guest at Breakfast Party Which the Shooting Interrupts" (PDF). The New York Times. 4 July 1915.
  9. ^ "Man Who Shot J. P. Morgan Twice Admits Setting Bomb At National Capital". Hartford Courant. 4 July 1915. Archived from the original on 23 October 2012. Retrieved 30 October 2009. Former German Instructor At Cornell Talks Freely After Third Degree Is Used, and Says He Wanted To Stop Shipment of Munitions To Europe. Is Suspected of Other, Similar Crimes. Describes Construction of Rare Type of 'Infernal Machine'. Financier Reported in Excellent Condition. Has Two Bullet Wounds In His Hip.
  10. ^ "100 Jaar Geleden: De Eerste en Laatste Bestorming van het Belgische Parlement" [100 Years Ago: The First and Last Storming on the Belgian Parliament]. VRT NWS (in Dutch). 17 January 2021. Retrieved 9 March 2021.
  11. ^ Singh, Bhagat; Hooja, Bhupendra (2007). The Jail Notebook and Other Writings. LeftWord Books. ISBN 978-81-87496-72-4. Archived from the original on 1 October 2015.
  12. ^ "Full Text of Statement of S. Bhagat Singh and B.K. Dutta in the Assembly Bomb Case". Letter, Writings and Statements of Shaheed Bhagat Singh and his Copatriots. Shahid Bhagat Singh Research Committee, Ludhiana. Retrieved 29 October 2011.
  13. ^ [1] Archived 23 June 2015 at the Wayback Machine Names on the Parliamentary War Memorial.
  14. ^ "In pictures: Commons marks 80 years since WW2 bombing". BBC. 12 May 2021. Retrieved 8 January 2024.
  15. ^ www.lgic.org, (1920-1943) Mandate Period and Independence. URL accessed 7 June 2008.
  16. ^ Rogan pp. 244–246
  17. ^ Smith, Matthew J. (2009). Red & Black in Haiti: Radicalism, Conflict, and Political Change, 1934-1957. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. pp. 146–147.
  18. ^ Schneider, Tal (22 March 2021). "Security services said preparing for scenario in which Knesset is stormed". The Times of Israel. Retrieved 17 July 2023.
  19. ^ Naor, Amit (21 November 2022). "When a Grenade Exploded in the Knesset, Israel's Parliament". National Library of Israel. Retrieved 17 July 2023.
  20. ^ "Bomb explodes in Capitol building".
  21. ^ Melaugh, Martin. "CAIN: Chronology of the Conflict 1974".
  22. ^ "BBC ON THIS DAY - 17 - 1974: IRA bombs parliament". BBC News. 17 June 1974.
  23. ^ Finn, Christina. "On this day in 1974 the IRA bombed the Houses of Parliament in London". TheJournal.ie.
  24. ^ "Understanding the Iran-Contra Affairs". www.brown.edu. Archived from the original on 8 June 2017. Retrieved 9 April 2017.
  25. ^ Uppsala Conflict Data Program Conflict Encyclopedia, Nicaragua, State-based conflict, In depth, The Sandinista revolution, http://www.ucdp.uu.se/gpdatabase/gpcountry.php?id=117&regionSelect=4-Central_Americas# Archived 31 March 2016 at the Wayback Machine [link is not working]
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  27. ^ Egan, Kelly (20 June 2018). "Egan: 1989 Hill hijacker won pardon, legally obtained 17 more guns". Ottawa Citizen. Retrieved 16 April 2022.
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  29. ^ "Trinidad marks 1990 coup attempt", BBC, July 27, 2010
  30. ^ "Remembering Russia's civil siege". Retrieved 10 March 2003.
  31. ^ "Putin is part of a continuum that stretches back to the tsars". TheGuardian.com. 4 April 2017. Retrieved 4 April 2017.
  32. ^ "Kwibohora25: Does the New Look of Parliament Building Symbolize Rwanda's Stand Today?". KT Press. Retrieved 10 October 2024.
  33. ^ Lander, Mark (23 May 1998). "Indonesian Soldiers Oust Students From Parliament". The New York Times. Retrieved 17 July 2023.
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  35. ^ Marion, Nancy E.; Oliver, Willard (2014). Killing Congress: Assassinations, Attempted Assassinations and Other Violence against Members of Congress. Lexington Books. ISBN 978-0-7391-8360-1.
  36. ^ Remembering the ’98 Capitol shooting (Photos) WTOP-FM
  37. ^ Yehle, Emily (7 May 2008). "Weston unlikely to ever be tried". Roll Call. Washington, D.C.: Roll Call, Inc. pp. 1, 16.
  38. ^ "Capitol shooting suspect was 'low-level threat' to Clinton". CNN.com. Archived from the original on 13 September 2005. Retrieved 11 January 2007.
  39. ^ "Yugoslav Opposition Storms Parliament Building". ABC News. 5 October 2000.
  40. ^ "Gunman kills 14 in Swiss assembly". BBC News. 27 September 2001. Retrieved 3 March 2010.
  41. ^ Terror unleashes on J&K State Legislative Assembly
  42. ^ Fidayeen storm J&K House, kill 29, The Tribune, 2 October 2001
  43. ^ AN AUDACIOUS STRIKE[usurped], Frontline (magazine), 13 October 2001
  44. ^ "Terrorist Attack on the Parliament of India". Embassy of India – Washington DC. 18 December 2001. Archived from the original on 11 June 2010. Retrieved 12 December 2018.
  45. ^ Group claims Iraq parliament attack, Al Jazeera (April 14, 2007).
  46. ^ "Speaker says House blast that killed driver a bomb". Archived from the original on 7 June 2008. Retrieved 17 January 2021.
  47. ^ "Rioters storm Parliament in Kyrgyzstan capital". RIA Novosti. 7 April 2010. Archived from the original on 9 April 2010. Retrieved 7 April 2010.
  48. ^ "The Middle East in Revolt". Time. 22 February 2011. Archived from the original on 25 February 2011.
  49. ^ Anthony Boadle (2 October 2013). "Brazilian police stop Indians from storming Congress". Reuters. During a similar protest in April, members of some 70 tribes barged into the lower house of Congress, delaying a debate on indigenous policy. Brazilian police, who have faced bouts of social unrest since the country experienced massive protests in June against corruption and poor government services, were less permissive this time.
  50. ^ (in Portuguese) In Rio 3 were shot amidst protests, 10 still hospitalized
  51. ^ ctvnews.ca: "Garbled radio call delayed police response to Parliament Hill attacker: RCMP" Archived 4 June 2015 at the Wayback Machine, 3 June 2015
  52. ^ Independent Investigation Into the Death of Michael Zehaf-Bibeau (PDF) (Report). Royal Canadian Mounted Police. 22 October 2014. ISBN 978-0-660-02415-8. Archived (PDF) from the original on 22 June 2015. Retrieved 29 July 2015.
  53. ^ parl.gc.ca: "October 22, 2014 House of Commons Incident Response Summary" Archived 24 September 2015 at the Wayback Machine, 3 June 2015
  54. ^ "Burkina Faso parliament set ablaze". BBC. 30 October 2014.
  55. ^ "LIVE: Coup Crumbles Leaving '161 Dead'". Sky News.
  56. ^ "Demonstrators set fire to part of Gabon parliament building - witness". Reuters. 31 August 2016.
  57. ^ "Brazil anti-government protesters occupy Congress, call for coup". Reuters. 17 November 2016.
  58. ^ Romero, Simon (31 March 2017). "Protests Erupt in Paraguay Over Efforts to Extend President's Term". The New York Times. p. A9. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
  59. ^ "Paraguay congress set on fire amid presidential controversy". BBC News. 1 April 2017. Retrieved 1 April 2017.
  60. ^ "Macedonia: protesters storm parliament and attack MPs". The Guardian. 27 April 2017. Retrieved 27 April 2017.
  61. ^ "Islamic State claims attacks on Iran parliament, shrine". Associated Press. 7 June 2017. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
  62. ^ Erdbrink, Thomas (7 June 2017). "Islamic State Claims Deadly Iran Attacks on Parliament and Khomeini Tomb". The New York Times. Retrieved 8 June 2017."Iran shootings: Parliament and shrine attacked". BBC. 7 June 2017.
  63. ^ "Shootings reported at Iranian parliament and Khomeini shrine". The Guardian. France-Presse Agence. Retrieved 8 June 2017.
  64. ^ "Colectivos irrumpieron y atacaron a diputados en la Asamblea Nacional". El Nacional (in Spanish). 5 July 2017. Retrieved 7 July 2017.
  65. ^ "Colectivos chavistas atacan Asamblea Nacional de Venezuela; al menos 12 heridos". El Nuevo Herald (in Spanish). 5 July 2017. Retrieved 8 July 2017.
  66. ^ "Papua New Guinea security forces attack parliament in row over Apec pay". The Guardian. 20 November 2018. Retrieved 12 January 2024.
  67. ^ "'Three arrested' ahead of National Day over storming of Hong Kong's legislature". South China Morning Post. 30 September 2019. Archived from the original on 9 October 2019. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
  68. ^ Chan, Jacky Man-hei; Pang, Jun (10 July 2019). "The untold story of Hong Kong's protests is how one simple slogan connects us". The Guardian. Archived from the original on 21 October 2019. Retrieved 8 October 2019.
  69. ^ "Thousands riot in Papua, parliament building torched". Arab News. 19 August 2019. Retrieved 9 October 2019.
  70. ^ "Pro-war Azerbaijani protesters break into parliament". Eurasianet. 15 July 2020. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
  71. ^ "Kyrgyzstan protesters storm parliamentary building over election result". The Guardian. 6 October 2020. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
  72. ^ "Protesters Storm Armenian Parliament In Anger Over Nagorno-Karabakh Deal". The Guardian. 10 November 2020. Retrieved 25 September 2023.
  73. ^ "Guatemala: Congress on fire after protesters storm building". BBC. 22 November 2020. Retrieved 31 January 2023.
  74. ^ "Republican who let violent protesters into Oregon state capitol is charged". The Guardian. Associated Press. 1 May 2021. Archived from the original on 13 August 2021. Retrieved 12 August 2021.
  75. ^ Final Report (PDF) (Report). Washington, D.C.: Select Committee to Investigate the January 6th Attack on the United States Capitol, 117th Congress. 22 December 2022.
  76. ^ a b c The Capitol siege: The cases behind the biggest criminal investigation in U.S. history, NPR, All Things Considered (updated July 7, 2023).
  77. ^ Madison Hall, Skye Gould, Rebecca Harrington, Jacob Shamsian, Azmi Haroun, Taylor Ardrey, and Erin Snodgrass, At least 1,003 people have been charged in the Capitol insurrection so far. This searchable table shows them all., Insider (last updated February 16, 2023).
  78. ^ Kierra Frazier, Jan. 6 sentences are piling up. Here’s a look at some of the longest handed down., Politico (May 30, 2023).
  79. ^ Balsamo, Michael; Tucker, Erick; Merchant, Nomaan (3 April 2021). "AP source: Suspect in Capitol attack suffered delusions". Associated Press. Retrieved 3 April 2021.
  80. ^ Balsamo, Michael; Merchant, Nomaan; Long, Colleen (2 April 2021). "Man rams car into 2 Capitol police; 1 officer, driver killed". Associated Press. Archived from the original on 4 April 2021. Retrieved 2 April 2021.
  81. ^ "Zandile Mafe wanted to burn Parliament to prevent SONA, demand president's resignation, court hears". News24. Retrieved 19 January 2023.
  82. ^ Mitchell, Charlie (12 February 2022). "Inside the disorienting, contradictory swirl of the convoy, as seen through its media mouthpiece". Stuff. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
  83. ^ "National's Luxon unwittingly meets anti-vaccine mandate protester". Stuff. 24 March 2022. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
  84. ^ Craymer, Lucy; Menon, Praveen (2 March 2022). "New Zealand's parliament protest ends with clashes, arrests". Reuters. Retrieved 17 October 2022.
  85. ^ "Iraqi protesters storm the parliament in Baghdad's Green Zone". Al Jazeera. 27 July 2022. Retrieved 27 July 2022.
  86. ^ Wright, George (8 January 2023). "Bolsonaro supporters storm Brazilian Congress". BBC News. Retrieved 8 January 2023.
  87. ^ "Protesters shove their way into congress of Mexican border state of Nuevo Leon, toss smoke bomb". Associated Press. 8 December 2023. Retrieved 1 December 2023.
  88. ^ "Indian police arrest 4 intruders for breaching security in the Parliament complex". Associated Press. 13 December 2023. Retrieved 14 December 2023.
  89. ^ "Kenya's parliament compound Stormed, building set ablaze, Reuters witness says". Reuters. 25 June 2024.
  90. ^ "Bangladeshi protesters storm Parliament, violence erupts on Dhaka streets". Daily News. 5 August 2024. Retrieved 6 August 2024.
  91. ^ "Protesters storm Mexico's Senate after ruling party wins votes for court overhaul". AP News. 11 September 2024. Retrieved 11 September 2024.
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