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List of art critics

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This incomplete list of art critics enumerates persons who had or have a significant part of their known creative output in the form of art criticism, which consists mostly of the written discussion and aesthetic evaluation of works of art.[1][2]

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Main article: Art critic

There is no official list of art critics, the compilation of which is compounded by problems in defining art criticism – not least of which is the overlap with art history,[1] and philosophy of art. Herein will be included those authors that are mentioned as being art critics or producing art criticism in works of reference, as are encyclopedias, dictionaries or scholarly reviews.

According to one authority, art criticism, in a close approximation to the current sociocultural framework of the activity, started in the 18th century CE in Western Europe.[1] However, many authors living before that time and outside that region of the world wrote on the subject of art and aesthetic experience, though using terms and concepts that may not have a direct translation into the lexicon of the Western tradition.[1] These, when mentioned, will be included as well though pertinently noted.

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Color oil painting of the bust of a young white man with light brown short wavy hair and a plain countenance, looking at the viewer. The raised color of a white shirt is visible beneath a dark jacket and cloak. He stands before a plain brown-green background.
John Neal, first American art critic[102][103]

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References

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  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Elkins, James (1996). "Art Criticism". In Jane Turner (ed.). Grove Dictionary of Art. Oxford University Press.
  2. ^ a b Gemtou, Eleni (2010). "Subjectivity in Art History and Art Criticism" (PDF). Rupkatha Journal on Interdisciplinary Studies in Humanities. 2 (1): 2–13. doi:10.21659/rupkatha.v2n1.02. Retrieved 12 December 2013.
  3. ^ Neumann, Caryn E. (2006). "Frederick Sommer". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1463.
  4. ^ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900–1990. Blackwell. pp. 700–701.
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Tekiner, Deniz (2006). "Formalist Art Criticism and the Politics of Meaning". Social Justice. 33 (2 (104) – Art, Power, and Social Change): 31–44. JSTOR 29768369.
  6. ^ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900–1990. Blackwell. p. 153.
  7. ^ Bates, Scott (2006). "Apollinaire, Guillaume". In Brulotte, Gaëtan; Phillips, John (eds.). Encyclopedia of erotic literature. Taylor & Francis Group. p. 40.
  8. ^ Moulton, Ian Frederick (2006). "Aretino, Pietro". In Brulotte, Gaëtan; Phillips, John (eds.). Encyclopedia of erotic literature. Taylor & Francis Group. p. 72.
  9. ^ a b c d Debbie Lewer, ed. (2005). Post-Impressionism to World War II. Malden, MA: Blackwell. p. x. ISBN 978-1-4051-1153-9.
  10. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af Barnett, Maura (November 1993). The contemporary response to British art before Ruskin's "Modern painters": an examination of exhibition reviews published in the British periodical press and the journalist art critics who penned them: from the late eighteenth century to 1843 (PhD). University of Warwick. pp. 312–337. Retrieved 2013-12-12.
  11. ^ Greenberger, SARA (2006). "Alfred H. Barr, Jr.". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 99.
  12. ^ Friedman, Daniel (2006). "The Museum Of Modern Art Of New York". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1104.
  13. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Anderson, Tom (Summer 1993). "Defining and Structuring Art Criticism for Education". Studies in Art Education. 34 (4). National Art Education Association: 199–208. doi:10.2307/1320404. JSTOR 1320404.
  14. ^ Pedri, Nancy (2006). "Semiotics". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1404.
  15. ^ a b c d Marion, Sarah L. (2006). "Creative Camera". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 340.
  16. ^ Todd-Raque, Susan (2006). "Photography In The United States: The South". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1594.
  17. ^ Woods, Marianne Berger (2006). "Dora Maar". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 987.
  18. ^ Wreen, Michael (Fall 2010). "Beardsley's Aesthetics". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
  19. ^ a b Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900–1990. Blackwell. pp. 113, 912.
  20. ^ a b Pedri, Nancy (2006). "Susan Sontag". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1466.
  21. ^ Osborne, Peter; Charles, Matthew (Winter 2013). "Walter Benjamin". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. (forthcoming URL)
  22. ^ Rexer, Lyle (2006). "John Berger". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 121.
  23. ^ Woods, Marianne Berger (2006). "Dora Maar". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 988.
  24. ^ "Jacques Herzog explains the spheres in his design for the Berggruen Institute | Design & Architecture". blogs.kcrw.com. 5 September 2017. Retrieved 2018-06-17. "[Nicolas] Berggruen [is the] son of the late Heinz Berggruen, a prominent art dealer, and brother of art critic and historian Olivier Berggruen."
  25. ^ Brown, Leslie K. (2006). "Francis Joseph Bruguiére". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 176.
  26. ^ a b c Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900–1990. Blackwell. p. 544.
  27. ^ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900–1990. Blackwell. p. 323.
  28. ^ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900–1990. Blackwell. p. 1036.
  29. ^ "Clarence Bulliet letters to Katherine Adams, 1902-1904, C552 // Digital Collections". digitalcollections.iu.edu. Retrieved 2024-09-12.
  30. ^ Clemmen, Yves-Antoine (2006). "Discursive Spaces". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 399.
  31. ^ Woods, Marianne Berger (2006). "Gertrude Käsebier". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 844.
  32. ^ Athanassopoulos, Vangelis (2006). "History Of Photography: The 1980s". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 745.
  33. ^ Rousseau, Claudia (2017-06-07). "The Obsessions of F. Lennox Campello". East City Art. Retrieved 2019-03-09.
  34. ^ Merckel, Nola (2006). "Du Camp, Maxime". In Brulotte, Gaëtan; Phillips, John (eds.). Encyclopedia of erotic literature. Taylor & Francis Group. p. 370.
  35. ^ Gotesky, Rubin (2006). "Carus, Carl Gustav". In Borchert, Donald M. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). Thomson Gale. p. 63.
  36. ^ Retter, Yolanda (2006). "Photography In South America". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1468.
  37. ^ Cumming, Robert (2005). Eyewitness Companions: Art. Penguin. p. 425.
  38. ^ Kempf, Jean (2006). "Photography In France". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 553.
  39. ^ a b c Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900–1990. Blackwell. p. 893.
  40. ^ Cumming, Robert (2005). Eyewitness Companions: Art. Penguin. p. 412.
  41. ^ Melton, J. Gordon, ed. (2001). "Forthuny, Pascal". Encyclopedia of Occultism & Parapsychology. Vol. 1. Gale Group. p. 1395.
  42. ^ a b c d e Wrigley, Richard (1983). "Censorship and Anonymity in Eighteenth-Century French Art Criticism". Oxford Art Journal. 6 (2, Criticism). Oxford University Press: 17–28. doi:10.1093/oxartj/6.2.17. JSTOR 1360201.
  43. ^ Todd-Raque, Susan (2006). "Photography In The United States: The South". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1595.
  44. ^ Barr, Nancy (2006). "John Coplans". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 328.
  45. ^ a b Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900–1990. Blackwell. p. 1089.
  46. ^ Shepard, Benjamin (2006). "sex panics". In Ritzer, George (ed.). The Blackwell Encyclopedia of Sociology (2nd ed.). Blackwell. p. 4207.
  47. ^ Bussard, Katherine (2006). "Museums: United States". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1135.
  48. ^ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900–1990. Blackwell. p. 108.
  49. ^ Silvers, Anita (2006). "Danto, Arthur". In Borchert, Donald M. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Vol. 2 (2nd ed.). Thomson Gale. p. 627.
  50. ^ Adajian, Thomas (Winter 2012). "The Definition of Art". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
  51. ^ Mraz, John (2006). "Photography In Mexico". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1035.
  52. ^ a b Gagnon, Monika Kin (2006). "Barbara Kruger". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 894.
  53. ^ Torrey, Norman L. (2006). "Diderot, Denis". In Borchert, Donald M. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Vol. 3 (2nd ed.). Thomson Gale. p. 71.
  54. ^ Masciello, Jessica M. (2006). "Diderot, Denis (1731–1784)". In Birx, H. James (ed.). Encyclopedia of time : science, philosophy, theology, and culture (2nd ed.). SAGE Publications. p. 310.
  55. ^ McKaig, Bruce (2006). "Centre national de la photographie". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 261.
  56. ^ Debbie Lewer, ed. (2005). Post-Impressionism to World War II. Malden, MA: Blackwell. p. 65. ISBN 978-1-4051-1153-9.
  57. ^ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900-1990. Blackwell. p. 22.
  58. ^ Howe, Andrew (2006). "Leni Riefenstahl". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1345.
  59. ^ Rosenthal, Donald (2006). "Hugo Erfurth". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 446.
  60. ^ Crank, Andy (2006). "Walker Evans". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 465.
  61. ^ King, Bruce (1993). "New English Literatures". In Coyle, Martin; Garside, Peter; Kelsall, Malcolm; Peck, John (eds.). Encyclopedia of Literature and Criticism. Routledge. p. 1119.
  62. ^ Retter, Yolanda (2006). "Photography In South America". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1469.
  63. ^ a b Neumann, Caryn E. (2006). "Josef Koudelka". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 886.
  64. ^ Raffel, Burton (1993). "Translation". In Preminger, Alex; Brogan, T. V. F. (eds.). The New Princeton Encyclopedia of Poetry and Poetics. Princeton University Press. p. 1305.
  65. ^ Wicks, Robert (Winter 2011). "Arthur Schopenhauer". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
  66. ^ Walter, Nancy Paige Ryan (1995). From Armida to Cornelia: Women and Representation in Prerevolutionary France (MA). Texas Tech University. p. 11. Retrieved 4 February 2015.
  67. ^ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900–1990. Blackwell. pp. 23–24.
  68. ^ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900–1990. Blackwell. p. 1065.
  69. ^ Patrick, Martin (2006). "Appropriation". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 46.
  70. ^ a b Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900–1990. Blackwell. pp. 953–954.
  71. ^ Francisco, Jason (2006). "War Photography". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1643.
  72. ^ Leddy, Tom (Spring 2013). "Dewey's Aesthetics". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
  73. ^ Cyril, Thomas (2006). "Photography In Japan". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 829.
  74. ^ Hale, Terry (2006). "Gautier, Theóphile". In Brulotte, Gaëtan; Phillips, John (eds.). Encyclopedia of erotic literature. Taylor & Francis Group. p. 523.
  75. ^ Marion, Sarah L. (2006). "Creative Camera". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 341.
  76. ^ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900–1990. Blackwell. p. 701.
  77. ^ Young, Stephenie (2006). "History of Photography: Postwar Era". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 738.
  78. ^ Murphy, Michael P. (2008). A theology of criticism: Balthasar, postmodernism, and the Catholic imagination. Oxford University Press. p. 119. ISBN 978-0-19-533352-7.
  79. ^ a b c Guyer, Paul (2006). "Aesthetics, History of [addendum]". In Borchert, Donald M. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Vol. 1 (2nd ed.). Thomson Gale. p. 67.
  80. ^ Golden, Renata (2006). "Robert Rauschenberg". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1322.
  81. ^ Boden, Margaret A. (2006). Mind as machine : a history of cognitive science ([1st paperback ed.]. ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 28. ISBN 978-0199241446.
  82. ^ Debbie Lewer, ed. (2005). Post-Impressionism to World War II. Malden, MA: Blackwell. p. 55. ISBN 978-1-4051-1153-9.
  83. ^ Cogman, Peter (2006). "Huysmans, Joris-Karl". In Brulotte, Gaëtan; Phillips, John (eds.). Encyclopedia of erotic literature. Taylor & Francis Group. p. 654.
  84. ^ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900–1990. Blackwell. pp. 561–562.
  85. ^ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900–1990. Blackwell. p. 1029.
  86. ^ Retter, Yolanda (2006). "Ruth Bernhard". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 123.
  87. ^ McCarroll, Stacey (2006). "Feminist Photography". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 509.
  88. ^ Young, Stephenie (2006). "Max Kozloff". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 889.
  89. ^ Clemmen, Yves (2006). "Rosalind Krauss". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 891.
  90. ^ Gagnon, Monika Kin (2006). "Barbara Kruger". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. pp. 893–894.
  91. ^ Gerstheimer, Christian (2006). "Arnulf Rainer". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1318.
  92. ^ Myzelev, Alla (2006). "Photography In Russia And Eastern Europe". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1373.
  93. ^ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900–1990. Blackwell. p. 553.
  94. ^ Keith, Rachel (2006). "William Eggleston". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 431.
  95. ^ Ackerman, James S. (Winter 1960). "Art History and the Problems of Criticism". Daedalus. 89 (1 – The Visual Arts Today): 253–263. JSTOR 20026565.
  96. ^ Gordon, Richard (2006). "Lewis Wickes Hine". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 699.
  97. ^ Dumas, Nathalie (2006). "Millet, Catherine, and Jacques Henric". In Brulotte, Gaëtan; Phillips, John (eds.). Encyclopedia of erotic literature. Taylor & Francis Group. p. 901.
  98. ^ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900–1990. Blackwell. pp. 660–661.
  99. ^ Lomine, Loykie Loïc (2006). "Mirbeau, Octave". In Brulotte, Gaëtan; Phillips, John (eds.). Encyclopedia of erotic literature. Taylor & Francis Group. p. 908.
  100. ^ Kempf, Jean (2006). "Photography In France". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 552.
  101. ^ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900–1990. Blackwell. pp. 813–814.
  102. ^ a b Sears, Donald A. (1978). John Neal. Boston, Massachusetts: Twayne Publishers. p. 118. ISBN 080-5-7723-08.
  103. ^ a b Dickson, Harold Edward (1943). Observations on American Art: Selections from the Writings of John Neal (1793–1876). State College, Pennsylvania: Pennsylvania State College. p. ix.
  104. ^ Cumming, Robert (2005). Eyewitness Companions: Art. Penguin. p. 415.
  105. ^ Brulotte, Gaëtan (2006). "Noël, Bernard". In Brulotte, Gaëtan; Phillips, John (eds.). Encyclopedia of erotic literature. Taylor & Francis Group. p. 960.
  106. ^ Myzelev, Alla (2006). "Photography In Russia And Eastern Europe". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1372.
  107. ^ "BIG AND LITTLE. Martha Tracy Owler". The Standard Union. 5 September 1891. p. 8. Retrieved 21 November 2023. Public Domain This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
  108. ^ Schaper, Eva (2006). "Pater, Walter Horatio". In Borchert, Donald M. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Vol. 7 (2nd ed.). Thomson Gale. p. 136.
  109. ^ Paquet, Dominique (2006). "Pierre, José". In Brulotte, Gaëtan; Phillips, John (eds.). Encyclopedia of erotic literature. Taylor & Francis Group. p. 1031.
  110. ^ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900–1990. Blackwell. p. 311.
  111. ^ Boden, Margaret A. (2006). Mind as machine : a history of cognitive science ([1st paperback ed.]. ed.). Oxford: Clarendon Press. p. 1089. ISBN 978-0199241446.
  112. ^ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900-1990. Blackwell. p. 711.
  113. ^ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900–1990. Blackwell. p. 183.
  114. ^ Cohen, Alan (2006). "Franz Roh". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1352.
  115. ^ Barden, Lane (2006). "Wiener aktionismus". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1687.
  116. ^ Levinson, Jerrold (1998). "Erotic art". Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Version 1.0. Routledge.
  117. ^ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900–1990. Blackwell. p. 541.
  118. ^ Francisco, Jason (2006). "War Photography". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1640.
  119. ^ a b Ridley, Aaron (2006). "Wilde, Oscar Fingal O'Flahertie Wills". In Borchert, Donald M. (ed.). Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Vol. 9 (2nd ed.). Thomson Gale. p. 763.
  120. ^ Fuller, John (2006). "Frederick Henry Evans". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 462.
  121. ^ Sjostrom, Jan. "Four Arts hires former Peggy Guggenheim Collection director as new president and CEO". Palm Beach Daily News. Retrieved 2024-11-22.
  122. ^ Athanassopoulos, Vangelis (2006). "History Of Photography: The 1980s". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 747.
  123. ^ Hay, Katia D. (Spring 2010). "August Wilhelm von Schlegel". In Zalta, Edward N. (ed.). The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy.
  124. ^ Denny, Margaret (2006). "Florence Henri". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 691.
  125. ^ Melton, J. Gordon, ed. (2001). "Sharp, William". Encyclopedia of Occultism & Parapsychology. Vol. 2. Gale Group. p. 1395.
  126. ^ Hausmann, Brigitte (2006). "Body Art". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 144.
  127. ^ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900–1990. Blackwell. pp. 274–275.
  128. ^ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900–1990. Blackwell. p. 863.
  129. ^ Wheeler, Sarah B. (2006). "Abigail Solomon-Godeau". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1462.
  130. ^ Golden, Renata (2006). "Robert Rauschenberg". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1321.
  131. ^ Whiting, Elizabeth K. (2006). "Louis Stettner". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1493.
  132. ^ Duganne, Erina (2006). "John Szarkowski". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1525.
  133. ^ "Catherine Taft". Aspect. Retrieved September 16, 2014.
  134. ^ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900–1990. Blackwell. pp. 363–364.
  135. ^ Alexander, Stuart (2006). "The Decisive Moment". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 374.
  136. ^ Breslin, Nancy A. (2006). "Deborah Turbeville". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1560.
  137. ^ Shapiro, Carla Rose (2006). "Charles Traub". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1554.
  138. ^ Shantz, Jeffrey (2006). "Arkadii Shaikhet". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1414.
  139. ^ Keith, Rachel (2006). "Magnum Photos". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 996.
  140. ^ Cumming, Robert (2005). Eyewitness Companions: Art. Penguin. p. 346.
  141. ^ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900–1990. Blackwell. p. 445.
  142. ^ Pittas-Giroux, Justin (2006). "Carl Van Vechten". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1605.
  143. ^ Ruelfs, Esther (2006). "Herbert List". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 964.
  144. ^ Patrick, Martin (2006). "Paul Virilio". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1618.
  145. ^ Kloehn, Peter (2006). "History Of Photography: Nineteenth-Century Foundations". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 705.
  146. ^ Headley, Jennifer (2006). "Deborah Willis-Kennedy". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1689.
  147. ^ a b Rudnicki, Mark (2006). "Stanisław Ignacy Witkiewicz (Witkacy)". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 1695.
  148. ^ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900–1990. Blackwell. p. 15.
  149. ^ Yang, Shin-Yi (2006). "Photography In China And Taiwan". In Warren, Lynne (ed.). Encyclopedia of twentieth-century photography. Routledge. p. 278.
  150. ^ Paul Wood and Charles Harrison, ed. (1999). Art in Theory: 1900–1990. Blackwell. p. 210.
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