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In ancient Rome orators could become like celebrities, many were wealthy and well-respected. Public speaking became a popular form of entertainment and was central to Roman politics.[citation needed]

List

[edit]
This list is in alphabetical order
Name Translated name Contents Orator Date References
Ad Caesarem Senem de Re Publica Oratio Speech on the State, Addressed to Caesar in His Later Years Sallust discusses Caesar's conquests and wars. Sallust 46 BCE [1][2]
Ad Litis Censorias Cato the Elder 184 BCE [3]
M. Tullii Ciceronis Orationes in Catilinam Marcus Tullius Cicero's Orations against Catiline Cicero denounces Catiline, who attempted a failed coup against the Roman Republic.[a] Cicero 63 BCE [4][5]
Cato the Elder's speech directed towards the Seleucid king Cato addresses the Seleucid King in Athens. Cato the Elder Uncertain date [6][7][8]
Cato the Younger's speech during the Catiline conspiracy Cato the Younger argues for the execution of the Catiline conspirators. Cato the Younger 63 BCE [9]
Contra Servium Galbam pro Direptis Lusitanis Against Servius Galba for the Lusitanian plunders Cato argues that Rome should treat its defeated enemies with moderation. Cato the Elder 149 BCE [10]
De Bello Carthaginiensi Speech written by Cato calling for a war against Carthage. Cato the Elder 143 BCE [10][11]
De Domo Sua On his House Cicero discusses grief and sacrifice Cicero 57 BCE [12][13]
De Falsis Pugnis On Falsified Battles Speech written by Cato against general who sought triumphs for territories they had not conquered through war. Cato the Elder 190 BCE [14][15]
Defense speech by Domitius Afer Domitius Afer provides a defense for Cloatilla Domitius Afer Uncertain date [16]
De Haruspicum Responsis On the Responses of the Haruspices Cicero discusses the haruspices. Cicero 57 BCE [17]
De Lege Agraria contra Rullum Opposing the Agrarian Law proposed by Rullus Cicero argues that a land redistribution bill proposed by Publius Servilius Rullus was of poor quality Cicero 63 BCE [18][19]
De Macedonia Liberanda Cato argues that Rome should not annex Macedonia as Rome was incapable of properly defending it. Cato the Elder 167 BCE [20][21][22]
De Pecuni Regis Antiochi Cato's commentary on potential corruption involved in Scipio's triumph due to his campaign in Africa. Cato the Elder Uncertain date [23][24]
De Praeda militbus dividenda On the Division of Spoils amongst Military Men Speech written by Cato the Elder against for the criminalization of generals who take public land. Cato the Elder Uncertain date [25][26]
De Provinciis Consularibus On the Consular Provinces Cicero discusses his tax policy Cicero 56 BCE [27]
De Suis Virtutibus Contra L. Thermum post censuram Concerning his virtues in Opposition to Thermus Cato the Elder attacks the moral character of Lucius Minucius Thermus Cato the Elder 183 BCE [3][28][29][30][31]
De Sumpto Suo Cato's defense against accusations of corruption. Cato the Elder 164 BCE [32][33]
Dierum Dictarum de Consulatu Suo Speech written by Cato in defense of his war against the Spanish tribes. Cato the Elder 191-190 BCE [3][34][35]
Dissuasio Legio Junniae De Feneratione Cato attacks Quintus Minucius Thermus. Cato the Elder 193 BCE [3]
Divinatio in Caecilium Against Quintus Caecilius in the process for selecting a prosecutor of Gaius Verres Cicero attacks Quintus Caecilius for the prosecutor he chose in the case against Gaius Verres Cicero 70 BCE [36]
Gaius Licinius Macer Calvus's speech against Publius Vatinius Calvus criticized Vatinius for accepting bribes. Gaius Licinius Macer Calvus 54 BCE [37]
In M. Tullium Ciceronem Oratio An Invective against Marcus Tullius Sallust criticizes Cicero for his politics and character. Sallust Uncertain date [38]
In Pisonem Against Piso Cicero attacks Piso and his administration of Macedonia Cicero 55 BCE [39][40]
Interrupted speech by Domitius Afer One of Domitius Afer's speeches was interrupted by the shouts of the crowd. Domitus Afer Uncertain date [41]
In Toga Candida Denouncing candidates for the consulship of 63 BC Cicero argues that his opponents Catilina and Antonius would be inefficient Consuls. Cicero 64 BCE [42][43][44][45][46]
In Vatinium testem Against the witness Publius Vatinius at the trial of Sestius Cicero's defense of Publius Vatinius Cicero 56 BCE [28]
In Verrem Against Verres Series of speeches made by Cicero against Gaius Verres' conduct in Sicily Cicero 70 BCE [47]
Laudatio Iuliae amitae Funeral oration Julius Caesar gave in honor of his aunt Julia. Julius Caesar 68 BCE [48]
Mark Antony's eulogy for Caesar Mark Antony read Caesar's will and listed his accomplishments in an attempt to gain the populace's favor. Mark Antony 44 BCE
(March 19) 		[49]
Philippicae Collection of 14 speeches written by Cicero to denounce Mark Antony. Cicero 43 BCE [50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57]
Post Reditum in Quirites To the Citizens after his recall from exile Cicero addresses the citizenry following his exile. Cicero 57 BCE [28]
Post Reditum in Senatu To the Senate after his recall from exile Cicero addresses the Senate following his exile. Cicero 57 BCE [58]
Pro Antonio In Defense of Gaius Antonius Cicero's defense of Gaius Antonius Cicero 59 BCE [59]
Pro Archia Poeta In Defense of Aulus Licinius Archias the poet Cicero's defense of Aulus Licinius Archias Cicero 62 BCE [60]
Pro Balbo In Defense of Lucius Cornelius Balbus Cicero's defense of Lucius Cornelius Balbus Cicero 56 BCE [61][62]
Pro Caecina On behalf of Caecina Cicero's defense of Caecina Cicero 69 BCE [63][41][64]
Pro Marco Caelio In Defense of Marcus Caelius Rufus Cicero's defense of Marcus Caelius Rufus Cicero 56 BCE [65]
Pro Aulo Cluentio Habito On behalf of Aulus Cluentius Habito Cicero's defense of Aulus Cluentius Habito, who was accused of poisoning Oppianicus the elder Cicero 56 BCE [66]
Pro Flacco In Defense of Lucius Valerius Flaccus Cicero's defense of Lucius Valerius Flaccus Cicero 59 BCE [67]
Pro Fonteio On behalf of Marcus Fonteius Cicero's defense of Marcus Fonteius Cicero 69 BCE [68]
Pro Ligario On behalf of Ligarius before Caesar Cicero's defense of Ligarius Cicero 46 BCE [69]
Pro Lege Manilia or De Imperio Cn. Pompei In favor of the Lex Manilia, or On the command of Pompey Cicero argues for the Lex Manilia Cicero 66 BCE [70]
Pro Tullio On behalf of Tullius Cicero's defense of his client Marcus Tullius in a property dispute Cicero 57 BCE [71]
Pro Rhodiensibus, Contra Servium Galbam On Behalf of the Rhodians and Against Galba It argues against a call for a war against Rhodes after the Third Macedonian War. Cato the Elder 167 BCE [10]
Pro Rege Deiotaro On behalf of King Deiotarus before Caesar Cicero's defense of Deiotarus Cicero 46 BCE [72][73]
Pro Roscio Amerino In defence of Sextus Roscius of Ameria Cicero's speech in defense of Sextus Roscius, accused of murdering his own father Cicero 80 BCE [74]
Pro Marcello On behalf of Marcellus Cicero's defense of Marcellus Cicero 46 BCE [75]
Pro Milone In Defence of Titus Annius Milo Cicero's defense of Titus Milo, who was accused of murdering Clodius. Cicero 52 BCE [76]
Pro Murena In Defense of Lucius Licinius Murena Cicero's defense of Lucius Licinius Murena Cicero 63 BCE [77]
Pro Plancio In Defense of Gnaeus Plancius Cicero's defense of Gnaeus Plancius Cicero 54 BCE [78]
Pro Q. Roscio Comoedo In Defense of Quintus Roscius Gallus the Comic actor Cicero's defense of Quintus Roscius Gallus, a comic actor Cicero 77 BCE [79]
Pro Quinctio On behalf of Publius Quinctius Cicero's speech in defense of his client Publius Quinctius Cicero 81 BCE [80]
Pro Rabirio Perduellionis Reo On behalf of Gaius Rabirius, accused of treason Cicero's defense of Gaius Rabirius Cicero 63 BCE [28]
Pro Rabirio Postumo In Defense of Gaius Rabirius Postumus Cicero's defense of Gaius Rabirius Postumus Cicero 54 BCE [81]
Pro Scauro In Defense of Marcus Aemilius Scaurus Cicero's defense of Marcus Aemilius Scaurus Cicero 54 BCE [28]
Pro Sestio In Defense of Publius Sestius Cicero's defense of Publius Sestius Cicero 56 BCE [82]
Pro Sulla In Defense of Publius Cornelius Sulla Cicero's defense of Publius Cornelius Sulla Cicero 72 or 71 BCE [28]
Pro Voluseno Catulo Concerning Lucius Volusenus Catulus Domitius Afer, Passienus Crispus, and Decimus Laelius Balbus defend Catulus in a trial Decimus Laelius Reign of Claudius [83][84]
P. Vatinium testem interrogatio Cicero critiqued the character of Publius Vatinius Cicero 56 BCE [85]
Uti praeda in publicum referatur That the spoils of war should be given back to the public Speech written by Cato arguing that religious works should be publicly available and not held in private collections. Cato the Elder Uncertain date [86][87]
Speech by Gaius Calpurnius Piso against Domitius Afer Piso attacked Domitius Afer's character. Gaius Calpurnius Piso Uncertain date [88]
Speeches by Gaius Septimius Severus Aper against poets Aper critiques Maternus. Aper Uncertain date [89]
Speech by Julius Africanus Julius Africanus made a purposefully long speech during a trial. Julius Africanus Uncertain date [90]
Speech by Maternus responding to Aper's critique Maternus responded to Aper's speech criticizing him. Maternus Uncertain date [89]
Speech spoken by Quintus Hortensius Quintus Hortensius praises his successful military defense of Nicomedes IV of Bithynia Quintus Hortensius 133 BCE [91]
Si se M. Caelius Tribunnus Appellasset Cato the Elder 184 BCE [3]
On the Improper Election of the Aediles Collection of speeches written by Cato, all of which were made during his Consulship. Cato 202 BCE [92]
On His Consulship Cicero's retrospect on his Consulship and several speeches he made whilst Censor. Cicero 202 BCE [93]

See also

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Notes

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  1. ^ The exact nature of the event is uncertain.

References

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  1. ^ "LacusCurtius • ps‑Sallust — Speech to Caesar". penelope.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2022-08-21.
  2. ^ Watkins, Thomas H. (2018-07-06). L. Munatius Plancus: Serving and Surviving in the Roman Revolution. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-351-00612-5.
  3. ^ a b c d e Dominik, William; Hall, Jon (2010-01-11). A Companion to Roman Rhetoric. John Wiley & Sons. p. 56. ISBN 978-1-4443-3415-9.
  4. ^ Beard, Mary (2015). SPQR: A History of Ancient Rome. New York: Liveright. pp. 21–53. ISBN 9780871404237.
  5. ^ Hoffman, Richard (1998). "Sallust and Catiline". The Classical Review. 48 (1): 50–52. doi:10.1017/S0009840X00330335. JSTOR 713695. S2CID 162587795.
  6. ^ Grant, David (2017-01-28). In Search Of The Lost Testament of Alexander the Great. Troubador Publishing Ltd. p. 286. ISBN 978-1-78589-953-9.
  7. ^ Astin, A. E. (1978). Cato the Censor. Clarendon Press. p. 57. ISBN 978-0-19-814809-8.
  8. ^ Sansone, David (1989-01-01). Plutarch: Lives of Aristeides and Cato. Liverpool University Press. p. 215. ISBN 978-1-80034-625-3.
  9. ^ Sallust (2010-04-15). Catiline's Conspiracy, The Jugurthine War, Histories. Oxford University Press. pp. 158–160. ISBN 978-0-19-161252-7.
  10. ^ a b c Baronowski, Donald Walter (2013-10-16). Polybius and Roman Imperialism. A&C Black. pp. 44, 233. ISBN 978-1-4725-1988-7.
  11. ^ Goodman, Rob; Soni, Jimmy (2012-10-16). Rome's Last Citizen: The Life and Legacy of Cato, Mortal Enemy of Caesar. Macmillan. p. 323. ISBN 978-0-312-68123-4.
  12. ^ Rasmussen, Susanne William (2003). Public Portents in Republican Rome. L'ERMA di BRETSCHNEIDER. p. 183. ISBN 978-88-8265-240-1.
  13. ^ Kenty, Joanna (2020-09-10). Cicero's Political Personae. Cambridge University Press. p. 85. ISBN 978-1-108-87933-0.
  14. ^ Waterfield, Robin (2014-04-07). Taken at the Flood: The Roman Conquest of Greece. Oxford University Press. p. 255. ISBN 978-0-19-939353-4.
  15. ^ Fontaine, Michael (2010). Funny Words in Plautine Comedy. Oxford University Press. p. 126. ISBN 978-0-19-534144-7.
  16. ^ Bablitz, Leanna (2007-08-07). Actors and Audience in the Roman Courtroom. Routledge. pp. 188, 259. ISBN 978-1-134-08999-4.
  17. ^ Berry, D. H.; Erskine, Andrew (2010-07-29). Form and Function in Roman Oratory. Cambridge University Press. p. 147. ISBN 978-0-521-76895-5.
  18. ^ Cicero (2008-07-10). Selected Letters. OUP Oxford. p. 286. ISBN 978-0-19-160751-6.
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  20. ^ Keulen, Wytse (2008-09-30). Gellius the Satirist: Roman Cultural Authority in Attic Nights. BRILL. p. 248. ISBN 978-90-474-4342-1.
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  22. ^ Briscoe, John (2012-09-13). A Commentary on Livy Books 41-45. OUP Oxford. p. 78. ISBN 978-0-19-921664-2.
  23. ^ Fontaine, Michael; Scafuro, Adele C. (2013-12-02). The Oxford Handbook of Greek and Roman Comedy. Oxford University Press. p. 610. ISBN 978-0-19-938946-9.
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  25. ^ Greenidge, A. H. J. (2019-12-19). A History of Rome During the Later Republic and Early Principate. Good Press.
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  27. ^ Sartre, Maurice (2005). The Middle East Under Rome. Harvard University Press. p. 392. ISBN 978-0-674-01683-5.
  28. ^ a b c d e f Bua, Giuseppe La (2019-02-07). Cicero and Roman Education: The Reception of the Speeches and Ancient Scholarship. Cambridge University Press. pp. 73, 77, 79, 83, 146. ISBN 978-1-107-06858-2.
  29. ^ Nichols, Marden Fitzpatrick (2017-10-26). Author and Audience in Vitruvius' De architectura. Cambridge University Press. p. 91. ISBN 978-1-108-54786-4.
  30. ^ McDonnell, Myles (2006-07-03). Roman Manliness: "Virtus" and the Roman Republic. Cambridge University Press. p. 56. ISBN 978-0-521-82788-1.
  31. ^ Nixon, C. E. V.; Rodgers, Barbara Saylor; Mynors, sir R. A. B. (2015-03-18). In Praise of Later Roman Emperors: The Panegyrici Latini. Univ of California Press. p. 285. ISBN 978-0-520-28625-2.
  32. ^ Coffee, Neil (2016-11-29). Gift and Gain: How Money Transformed Ancient Rome. Oxford University Press. p. 215. ISBN 978-0-19-049644-9.
  33. ^ Gildenhard, Ingo; Viglietti, Cristiano (2020-07-09). Roman Frugality: Modes of Moderation from the Archaic Age to the Early Empire and Beyond. Cambridge University Press. p. 194. ISBN 978-1-108-88843-1.
  34. ^ Dominik, William; Hall, Jon (2010-01-11). A Companion to Roman Rhetoric. John Wiley & Sons. p. 56. ISBN 978-1-4443-3415-9.
  35. ^ Sebesta, Judith Lynn; Haynes, Mark (2010-01-01). Cicero A LEGAMUS Transitional Reader. Bolchazy-Carducci Publishers. p. 48. ISBN 978-0-86516-656-1.
  36. ^ An observation made by Christopher P. Craig, "Dilemma in Cicero's Divinatio in Caecilium", The American Journal of Philology, 106(4) (Winter 1985:442–446), p. 442; Craig gives a bibliography of commentaries on the text.
  37. ^ Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Licinius Macer Calvus, Gaius" . Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol. 16 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 587.
  38. ^ "LacusCurtius • ps‑Sallust — Invective against Cicero". penelope.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 2022-08-21.
  39. ^ Kelly, Gordon P. (2006-07-24). A History of Exile in the Roman Republic. Cambridge University Press. p. 156. ISBN 978-1-107-32077-2.
  40. ^ Sandnes, Karl Olav (2002-08-01). Belly and Body in the Pauline Epistles. Cambridge University Press. p. 69. ISBN 978-1-139-43472-0.
  41. ^ a b Frier, Bruce W., 1943- (1985). The rise of the Roman jurists : studies in Cicero's Pro Caecina. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. p. 3. ISBN 0-691-03578-4. OCLC 11399889.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  42. ^ Petersson, Torstein (1920). Cicero: A Biography. Out of Copyright reprint Kessinger Publishing, LLC. ISBN 978-1417951864.
  43. ^ "Candidate". Online Etymology Dictionary. Retrieved 2012-11-07.
  44. ^ H.H. Scullard From the Gracchi to Nero: A History of Rome 133 BC to AD 68 2010 p92 "In a speech to the Senate (Oratio in Toga Candida: candidates wore specially whitened togas) Cicero denounced his rivals and hinted that there were secret powers behind Catilinia. Thus Cicero, the novus homo, secured the consulship for 63"
  45. ^ Erich S. Gruen The Last Generation of the Roman Republic 1974 270 "Catilinia's early career gained impetus from nimble maneuvering and resourceful and unscrupulous tactics. Tradition registers a catalogue of perversities, several drawn from Cicero's venomous In Toga Candida and the Commentanolum ."
  46. ^ David Colin Arthur Shotter The Fall Of The Roman Republic 2005 p55 "In two places — in his own election speech (Oratio in Toga Candida) in 64 and in his Orations against Catiline in the following year — Cicero alleged that on 1 January 65, Catiline was in the Forum with a dagger ready to assassinate the ..."
  47. ^ Cicero, Marcus Tullius. Against Verres.
  48. ^ "The Life of Julius Caesar". penelope.uchicago.edu. Retrieved 12 July 2022.
  49. ^ Eck, Werner; Schneider, Deborah Lucas; Takács, Sarolta A. (2003). The age of Augustus. Internet Archive. Malden, MA : Blackwell Pub. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-631-22957-5.
  50. ^ Cicero, Ad Familiares 10.28
  51. ^ Appian, Civil Wars 4.19
  52. ^ Cicero, Ad Atticus, 2.1.3
  53. ^ Cicero, Second Philippic Against Antony
  54. ^ cf. Cicero, Ad Atticum 15.13.1
  55. ^ Cicero, Marcus Tullius (2010). "Phillipic 5". In Bailey, D. R. Shackleton; Ramsey, John T.; Manuwald, Gesine (eds.). Philippics 1-6. Loeb Classical Library. Vol. 189. Translated by Bailey, D. R. Shackleton. Harvard University Press. p. 241. doi:10.4159/DLCL.marcus_tullius_cicero-philippic_5.2010.
  56. ^ Plutarch, Cicero 46.3–5
  57. ^ Haskell, H.J.: This was Cicero (1964) p.293
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  59. ^ Brill's Companion to the Reception of Cicero. BRILL. 2015-03-31. p. 10. ISBN 978-90-04-29054-9.
  60. ^ Italy and the Classical Tradition: Language, Thought and Poetry 1300-1600, A&C Black, 2013, p. 164.
  61. ^ Barber, Kimberly A. (2004-06-01). Rhetoric in Cicero's Pro Balbo. Routledge. ISBN 978-1-135-87935-8.
  62. ^ Powell, Jonathan; Paterson, Jeremy (2004-07-29). Cicero the Advocate. OUP Oxford. pp. 123–133. ISBN 978-0-19-154151-3.
  63. ^ Frier, Bruce W., 1943- (1985). The rise of the Roman jurists : studies in Cicero's Pro Caecina. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. pp. 133–4. ISBN 0-691-03578-4. OCLC 11399889.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  64. ^ Frier, Bruce W. (1983). "Urban Praetors and Rural Violence: The Legal Background of Cicero's Pro Caecina". Transactions of the American Philological Association. 113: 221–241. doi:10.2307/284012. ISSN 0360-5949. JSTOR 284012.
  65. ^ Cicero, Marcus Tullius. For Marcus Caelius.
  66. ^ Smith, William (1867), "T. Accius", in Smith, William (ed.), Dictionary of Greek and Roman Biography and Mythology, vol. 1, Boston, p. 6{{citation}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  67. ^ Brennan, T. Corey (2000). The Praetorship in the Roman Republic: Volume 2: 122 to 49 BC. OUP USA. p. 565. ISBN 978-0-19-511460-7.
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  76. ^ Cicero, Marcus Tullius. For Milo.
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