List of adjectivals and demonyms for former regions

The following is a list of adjectival forms of former regions in English and their demonymic equivalents, which denote the people or the inhabitants of these former regions.

Note: Demonyms are given in plural forms. Singular forms simply remove the final 's' or, in the case of -ese endings, are the same as the plural forms. The ending -men has feminine equivalent -women (e.g. an Irishman and a Scotswoman). The French terminations -ois / ais serve as both the singular and plural masculine; adding 'e' (-oise / aise) makes them singular feminine; 'es' (-oises / aises) makes them plural feminine. The Spanish termination "-o" usually denotes the masculine and is normally changed to feminine by dropping the "-o" and adding "-a". The plural forms are usually "-os" and "-as" respectively.

Adjectives ending -ish can be used as collective demonyms (e.g. the English, the Cornish). So can those ending in -ch / -tch (e.g. the French, the Dutch) provided they are pronounced with a 'ch' sound (e.g. the adjective Czech does not qualify).

Where an adjective is a link, the link is to the language or dialect of the same name. (Reference: Ethnologue, Languages of the World)

Many place-name adjectives and many demonyms refer also to various other things, sometimes with and sometimes without one or more additional words. (Sometimes, the use of one or more additional words is optional.) Notable examples are cheeses, cat breeds, dog breeds, and horse breeds. (See List of words derived from toponyms.)

Where an adjective is a link, the link is to the language or dialect of the same name. (Reference: Ethnologue, Languages of the World)

Name	Adjective	Demonym
Name	Adjective		colloquial
Abyssinia	Abyssinian	Abyssinians
Acadia	Acadian	Acadians
Akkadia	Akkadian	Akkadians
Aksum, Axum	Aksumite, Axumite	Aksumites, Axumites
Austria-Hungary	Austro-Hungarian	Austro-Hungarians, Austrians, Hungarians
Babylonia	Babylonian	Babylonians
Bessarabia	Bessarabian	Bessarabians
Biafra	Biafran	Biafrans
Burma	Burmese	Burmese^a
Byzantium	Byzantine	Byzantines
Ceylon	Ceylonese	Ceylonese
Confederate States of America	Confederate, CSA	Confederates	"Rebels", "Rebs"
Czechoslovakia	Czechoslovak, Czech^b (Czechoslovakian is incorrect, though frequent)	Czechoslovaks, Czechs, Slovaks
Dahomey	Dahomeyan	Dahomeyans
Dalmatia	Dalmatian	Dalmatians
Eastern Nigeria	Easterner	Easterners
Elam	Elamite, Elamitic, Elamitish	Elamites
Etruria	Etrurian, Etruscan	Etruscans
Hunnic Empire	Hunnic, Hunnish	Huns
Kampuchea	Kampuchean	Kampucheans
Katanga	Katangese	Katangese
Livonia	Livonian	Livonians, Livs
Manchuria	Manchurian	Manchurians
Malaya	Malay, Malayan	Malays, Malayans
Moldavia	Moldavian	Moldavians
Muscovy, Moscovia	Muscovite, Moscovian	Muscovites
Papal States	Papal	Papalini
Parthia	Parthian	Parthians
Pomerania	Pomeranian	Pomeranians
Prussia	Prussian	Prussians
Rhodesia	Rhodesian	Rhodesians
Ruthenia	Ruthenian, Ruthene	Ruthenians, Ruthenes, East Slavs
Rome	Roman	Romans
Siam	Siamese	Siamese
Sonargaon	Sonargaiya	Sonargaiyas
Sudetenland	Sudetes	Sudetenlanders
Sumer	Sumerian	Sumerians
Soviet Union	Soviet, Russian^c	Soviets, Russians^c
Swabia	Swabian	Swabians
Tartary, Tartaria	Tartar, Tartarian	Tatars, Tartars
Taurida, Tavria	Tauridian
Transylvania	Transylvanian	Transylvanians
Two Sicilies	Duosicilian	Regnicoli
Van Diemen's Land	Van Diemonian	Vandemonian
Wallachia	Wallachian	Wallachians
Yugoslavia	Yugoslav	Yugoslavs	"Yugos" (Derogatory, Cold War Vintage)
Zaire	Zairean	Zaireans
Zululand	Zulu	Zulu, Zulus
^a Burma is also known as Myanmar. ^b "Czech" is technically incorrect here, as it is also used to distinguish Czech people from Slovaks or other ethnic groups. ^c "Russian" is technically incorrect here, as the Russian SFSR was one of several Soviet Republics.

See also