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List of United States tornadoes from September to December 2023

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This page documents all tornadoes confirmed by various weather forecast offices of the National Weather Service in the United States in September, October, November and December 2023. Tornado counts are considered preliminary until final publication in the database of the National Centers for Environmental Information.[1] On average, there are 66 confirmed tornadoes in the United States in September, 59 in October, 54 in November and 28 in December.[2]

In September, tornadoes are most likely to occur in relation to the Atlantic hurricane season (as September is the peak month of hurricane season), and they can occur almost anywhere in the southern and eastern states as a result of landfalling tropical cyclones should such occur. A secondary focal point lies in the Midwest and Great Lakes as a result of early-autumn frontal systems.[3] While tropical activity tends to decrease in October, the relative peak shifts into the Great Plains and towards the southern states as the jet stream shifts southward (albeit generally with less activity than in the spring months in the same regions).[4] In November and December, these tornadoes are most likely in the southern states due to their proximity to the unstable airmass and warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico, with occasional incursions farther north into the Midwest especially in November.[5]

The fall months were very quiet in terms of tornadoes in the United States. With relatively quiet tropical activity in the United States in September and few early-season frontal systems, tornadic activity in September was very limited, with only isolated, weak tornado touchdowns. Only 26 tornadoes were confirmed (all of them weak), which was well below average. October also saw well below normal activity with a total of 32 tornadoes, however, more significant tornadoes occurred compared to the previous month as a result of a damaging outbreak in Florida during the middle of the month. November was also well below average with 20 confirmed tornadoes, all of them weak. December was slightly below average, with most of the activity focused on a single outbreak early in the month.

September

[edit]
Confirmed tornadoes by Enhanced Fujita rating
EFU EF0 EF1 EF2 EF3 EF4 EF5 Total
15 12 3 0 0 0 0 30

September 2 event

[edit]
List of confirmed tornadoes - Saturday, September 2, 2023[a]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width
EF0 Kenner Jefferson LA 29°59′N 90°15′W / 29.98°N 90.25°W / 29.98; -90.25 (Kenner (Sept. 2, EF0)) 16:11–16:13 0.69 mi (1.11 km) 75 yd (69 m)
A brief, weak tornado blew in the windows of a police van, inflicted minor damage to a fire department building, peeled tin roofing off of a theater (which was blown south), and caused minor damage to other buildings.[6]

September 9 event

[edit]
List of confirmed tornadoes - Saturday, September 9, 2023[a]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width
EF0 Chino Valley Yavapai AZ 34°44′N 112°27′W / 34.74°N 112.45°W / 34.74; -112.45 (Chino Valley (Sept. 9, EF0)) 21:30–21:32 0.1 mi (0.16 km) 10 yd (9.1 m)
A landspout tornado was reported.[7]
EFU SW of Haigler Cheyenne KS 39°55′N 101°59′W / 39.92°N 101.99°W / 39.92; -101.99 (Haigler (Sept. 9, EFU)) 22:25 unknown unknown
A landspout tornado was reported via social media.[8]

September 10 event

[edit]
List of confirmed tornadoes - Sunday, September 10, 2023[a]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width
EFU NW of Clarkston Cache UT 41°57′N 112°04′W / 41.95°N 112.07°W / 41.95; -112.07 (Clarkston (Sept. 10, EFU)) 22:30 unknown unknown
Broadcast media shared a video of a landspout in an open field.[8]

September 11 event

[edit]
List of confirmed tornadoes - Monday, September 11, 2023[a]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width
EF0 NE of Dagsboro Sussex DE 38°34′27″N 75°13′10″W / 38.5741°N 75.2194°W / 38.5741; -75.2194 (Dagsboro (Sept. 11, EF0)) 18:55–18:57 0.7 mi (1.1 km) 370 yd (340 m)
A brief high-end EF0 tornado caused considerable damage to two sheds, inflicted window, siding, and shingle damage to multiple homes and other structures, and snapped or uprooted trees.[9]
EF0 NW of Elkton St. Johns FL 29°51′N 81°30′W / 29.85°N 81.5°W / 29.85; -81.5 (Elkton (Sept. 11, EF0)) 22:10 0.01 mi (0.016 km) 5 yd (4.6 m)
A landspout tornado damaged a horse stable and blew a port-a-potty over. The tornado caused $7.5 million (2023 USD) in damage.[10]

September 13 event

[edit]
List of confirmed tornadoes - Wednesday, September 13, 2023[a]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width
EF1 ESE of Killingly, CT to NW of Foster, RI Windham (CT), Providence (RI) CT, RI 41°48′39″N 71°49′04″W / 41.8109°N 71.8178°W / 41.8109; -71.8178 (Killingly (Sept. 13, EF1)) 20:00–20:10 1.61 mi (2.59 km) 70 yd (64 m)
This was the first of four tornadoes produced by this supercell. Shingles were removed from a two-story home and trees were snapped or uprooted.[11]
EF1 S of Glocester Providence RI 41°51′31″N 71°40′25″W / 41.8586°N 71.6736°W / 41.8586; -71.6736 (Glocester (Sept. 13, EF1)) 20:20–20:28 0.21 mi (0.34 km) 150 yd (140 m)
This was the second of four tornadoes produced by this supercell. A bus stop shelter was blown away and its remnants were thrown to the west with some of the debris landing on top of a home. Over 75 trees were snapped or uprooted as well.[12]
EFU NNW of Roosevelt Duchesne UT 40°20′N 110°01′W / 40.33°N 110.01°W / 40.33; -110.01 (Roosevelt (Sept. 13, EFU)) 20:30 unknown unknown
A landspout tornado was photographed.[8]
EF1 WNW of Lincoln Providence RI 41°55′32″N 71°28′47″W / 41.9256°N 71.4798°W / 41.9256; -71.4798 (Lincoln (Sept. 13, EF1)) 21:05–21:09 0.21 mi (0.34 km) 60 yd (55 m)
This was the third of four tornadoes produced by this supercell. Two sections in a solar panel field were uplifted, part of the roof of a building was damaged, a large tree was uprooted, and a large branch was twisted off of another tree.[13]
EF0 W of North Attleborough Bristol MA 41°58′45″N 71°21′28″W / 41.9793°N 71.3579°W / 41.9793; -71.3579 (North Attleborough (Sept. 13, EF0)) 21:22–21:25 0.07 mi (0.11 km) 70 yd (64 m)
This was the last of four tornadoes produced by this supercell. The tops of three trees were twisted off and lofted into a nearby pasture.[14]

September 16 event

[edit]
List of confirmed tornadoes - Saturday, September 16, 2023[a]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width
EFU E of La Villa Hidalgo TX 26°17′37″N 97°54′51″W / 26.2937°N 97.9141°W / 26.2937; -97.9141 (La Villa (Sep. 16, EFU)) 20:14–20:15 0.04 mi (0.064 km) 10 yd (9.1 m)
A landspout was videoed causing no damage.[15]

September 19 event

[edit]
List of confirmed tornadoes - Tuesday, September 19, 2023[a]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width
EFU W of Rush Center Rush KS 38°28′N 99°25′W / 38.47°N 99.41°W / 38.47; -99.41 (Rush Center (Sept. 19, EFU)) 22:52–22:58 unknown unknown
A highly visible landspout tornado had numerous photos and videos on social media.[8]

September 21 event

[edit]
List of confirmed tornadoes - Thursday, September 21, 2023[a]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width
EFU NE of Norcatur to NW of Norton Norton KS 39°55′04″N 100°03′35″W / 39.9179°N 100.0596°W / 39.9179; -100.0596 (Norcatur (Sep. 21, EFU)) 01:36–01:53 4.58 mi (7.37 km) 200 yd (180 m)
A tornado was photographed traveling southeast.[16]

September 22 event

[edit]
List of confirmed tornadoes - Friday, September 22, 2023[a]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width
EFU NNE of Blairstown Benton IA 41°56′58″N 92°04′12″W / 41.9494°N 92.0701°W / 41.9494; -92.0701 (Blairstown (Sep. 22, EFU)) 22:42–22:43 0.31 mi (0.50 km) 20 yd (18 m)
Multiple trained storm spotters reported a brief tornado.[17]

September 23 event

[edit]
List of confirmed tornadoes - Saturday, September 23, 2023[a]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width
EF0 N of Belvidere Perquimans NC 36°20′N 76°32′W / 36.33°N 76.53°W / 36.33; -76.53 (Belvidere (Sep. 23, EF00)) 11:37–11:38 0.48 mi (0.77 km) 50 yd (46 m)
A brief tornado was captured on video over a field and posted on social media.[18]
EFU ESE of Bruce Brookings SD 44°25′01″N 96°50′35″W / 44.417°N 96.843°W / 44.417; -96.843 (Bruce #1 (Sep. 23, EFU)) 20:54–20:59 0.74 mi (1.19 km) 20 yd (18 m)
Multiple storm chasers reported swirling debris below a funnel cloud as it moved through an open field. No damage was found.[19]
EFU N of Leota Nobles MN 43°50′31″N 96°00′54″W / 43.842°N 96.015°W / 43.842; -96.015 (Leota (Sep. 23, EFU)) 20:56 0.01 mi (0.016 km) 10 yd (9.1 m)
A spin-up tornado was observed by a storm chaser in a field lofting debris.[20]
EFU ENE of Bruce Brookings SD 44°27′04″N 96°48′50″W / 44.451°N 96.814°W / 44.451; -96.814 (Bruce #2 (Sep. 23, EFU)) 21:04–21:08 0.78 mi (1.26 km) 20 yd (18 m)
Multiple storm chasers observed a tornado in an open field.[21]
EFU NE of Madison Lac qui Parle MN 45°05′N 96°07′W / 45.08°N 96.11°W / 45.08; -96.11 (Madison (Sep. 23, EFU)) 21:14–21:15 0.25 mi (0.40 km) 25 yd (23 m)
A brief, rain-wrapped tornado was spotted in an open field.[22]
EFU NE of Bruce Brookings SD 44°29′31″N 96°47′56″W / 44.492°N 96.799°W / 44.492; -96.799 (Bruce #3 (Sep. 23, EFU)) 21:16 0.01 mi (0.016 km) 10 yd (9.1 m)
A storm chaser witnessed a very brief tornado.[23]
EF0 NE of Estelline Deuel SD 44°40′N 96°50′W / 44.66°N 96.83°W / 44.66; -96.83 (Estelline (Sep. 23, EF0)) 21:20 0.01 mi (0.016 km) 10 yd (9.1 m)
A brief tornado touchdown was reported.[24]
EFU SSE of Toronto Brookings SD 44°31′37″N 96°37′34″W / 44.527°N 96.626°W / 44.527; -96.626 (Toronto (Sep. 23, EFU)) 21:50 0.01 mi (0.016 km) 10 yd (9.1 m)
A brief tornado was witnessed by a storm chaser.[25]

September 25 event

[edit]
List of confirmed tornadoes - Monday, September 25, 2023[a]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width
EFU E of New Glarus Green WI 42°48′40″N 89°33′37″W / 42.8112°N 89.5603°W / 42.8112; -89.5603 (New Glarus (Sep. 25, EFU)) 23:10–23:11 0.04 mi (0.064 km) 25 yd (23 m)
A tornado was videoed by a storm chaser. A dried-up corn field was damaged.[26]
EF0 Northern Edna Jackson TX 29°00′N 96°39′W / 29.00°N 96.65°W / 29.00; -96.65 (Edna (Sep. 25, EF0)) 01:01–01:02 0.3 mi (0.48 km) 20 yd (18 m)
A brief high-end EF0 tornado inflicted roof damage and shattered windows of an apartment building and damaged metal storage units.[27]

September 26 event

[edit]
List of confirmed tornadoes - Tuesday, September 26, 2023[a]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width
EFU NW of Garrison Benton IA 42°11′N 92°12′W / 42.18°N 92.2°W / 42.18; -92.2 (Garrison (Sep. 26, EFU)) 20:15–20:16 0.1 mi (0.16 km) 20 yd (18 m)
Emergency management witnessed a brief tornado lofting corn leaves off of the ground.[28]
EF0 E of Asbury Lake Clay FL 30°02′35″N 81°46′36″W / 30.043°N 81.7768°W / 30.043; -81.7768 (Asbury Lake (Sep. 26, EF0)) 20:40–20:44 0.36 mi (0.58 km) 10 yd (9.1 m)
A landspout tornado was witnessed lifting garbage and dust.[29]
EF0 Green Cove Springs Clay FL 29°59′N 81°40′W / 29.99°N 81.66°W / 29.99; -81.66 (Green Cove Springs (Sep. 26, EF0)) 21:05 0.01 mi (0.016 km) 5 yd (4.6 m)
A landspout was reported.[30]

September 28 event

[edit]
List of confirmed tornadoes - Thursday, September 28, 2023[a]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width
EF0 SE of Amity Madison OH 40°03′48″N 82°14′35″W / 40.0632°N 82.243°W / 40.0632; -82.243 (Amity (Sep. 28, EF0)) 19:40–19:41 0.01 mi (0.016 km) 25 yd (23 m)
A landspout tornado caused minor damage to an outbuilding and playground equipment.[31]

September 29 event

[edit]
List of confirmed tornadoes - Friday, September 28, 2023[a]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width
EF0 WNW of Rockford Wright MN 45°07′N 93°50′W / 45.11°N 93.83°W / 45.11; -93.83 (Rockford (Sep. 29, EF0)) 01:48–01:49 0.69 mi (1.11 km) 25 yd (23 m)
A tornado embedded in a line of storms damaged and uprooted about 100 trees, a few which fell on structures.[27]

October

[edit]
Confirmed tornadoes by Enhanced Fujita rating
EFU EF0 EF1 EF2 EF3 EF4 EF5 Total
7 21 4 3 0 0 0 35

October 1 event

[edit]
List of confirmed tornadoes - Sunday, October 1, 2023[a]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width
EF0 SE of Manuelitas San Miguel NM 35°47′N 105°16′W / 35.79°N 105.27°W / 35.79; -105.27 (Manuelitas (Oct. 1, EF0)) 00:12–00:18 1.32 mi (2.12 km) 50 yd (46 m)
The roof a house was damaged and a chicken coop was tossed.[32]

October 3 event

[edit]
List of confirmed tornadoes - Monday, October 3, 2023[a]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width
EFU NW of Goodland Sherman KS 39°25′N 101°52′W / 39.41°N 101.86°W / 39.41; -101.86 (Sherman (Oct. 3, EFU)) 19:17 unknown unknown
A landspout was captured on camera.[8]
EF0 NE of Overton Dawson NE 40°45′18″N 99°29′46″W / 40.7549°N 99.496°W / 40.7549; -99.496 (Overton (Oct. 3, EF0)) 20:59–21:01 1.08 mi (1.74 km) 50 yd (46 m)
A brief tornado caused damage to a few irrigation pivots and minor tree damage.[33]
EF1 NNW of Norton Norton KS 39°59′15″N 99°55′35″W / 39.9875°N 99.9263°W / 39.9875; -99.9263 (Norton (Oct. 3, EF1)) 21:25–21:26 0.08 mi (0.13 km) 30 yd (27 m)
A brief EF1 tornado touched down, damaging a few farm outbuildings.[34]
EF0 E of Hazard Sherman NE 41°05′28″N 98°59′43″W / 41.0911°N 98.9952°W / 41.0911; -98.9952 (Hazard (Oct. 3, EF0)) 21:46–21:47 0.59 mi (0.95 km) 25 yd (23 m)
A farmstead sustained minor damage, while a large tree was heavily damaged to the east. Some additional tree damage occurred before lifting.[35]
EF0 Southern Rockville Sherman NE 41°07′11″N 98°49′51″W / 41.1196°N 98.8308°W / 41.1196; -98.8308 (Rockville (Oct. 3, EF0)) 21:56 0.01 mi (0.016 km) 25 yd (23 m)
A brief tornado occurred causing minor damage.[36]
EF1 S of Pilger Stanton NE 41°55′N 97°03′W / 41.91°N 97.05°W / 41.91; -97.05 (Pilger (Oct. 3, EF1)) 00:39–00:41 0.86 mi (1.38 km) 100 yd (91 m)
A brief EF1 tornado touched down, damaging a farm outbuilding and causing light crop damage.[37]

October 4 event

[edit]
List of confirmed tornadoes - Monday, October 3, 2023[a]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width
EFU S of Whiteface Cochran TX 33°35′N 102°37′W / 33.58°N 102.61°W / 33.58; -102.61 (Whiteface (Oct. 4, EFU)) 21:20 unknown unknown
A tornado was reported.[8]

October 11 event

[edit]
List of confirmed tornadoes - Wednesday, October 11, 2023[a]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width
EF0 La Center Clark WA 45°52′32″N 122°41′21″W / 45.8755°N 122.6892°W / 45.8755; -122.6892 (La Center (Oct. 11, EF0)) 22:40–22:41 0.5 mi (0.80 km) 100 yd (91 m)
A brief tornado was videoed. Trash cans and a basketball hoop were blown over, along with a few shingles being ripped off of roofs.[38]
EF0 Eastern Sarasota Sarasota FL 27°15′58″N 82°22′58″W / 27.2661°N 82.3829°W / 27.2661; -82.3829 (Sarasota (Oct. 11, EF0)) 02:59–03:00 0.18 mi (0.29 km) 50 yd (46 m)
A very brief high-end EF0 tornado collapsed a pool cage at one home and moved a trailer several feet at another home. Trees were damaged as well.[39]
EF0 Oldsmar Pinellas FL 28°01′55″N 82°40′21″W / 28.0319°N 82.6725°W / 28.0319; -82.6725 (Oldsmar (Oct. 11, EF0)) 04:13–04:15 0.26 mi (0.42 km) 50 yd (46 m)
A high-end EF0 tornadic waterspout that developed over Safety Harbor moved onshore into Oldsmar. A two-story home had a large portion of its roof removed with other homes suffering minor to moderate damage. Large trees were damaged as well.[40]

October 12 event

[edit]
List of confirmed tornadoes - Thursday, October 12, 2023[a]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width
EF2 Northern Clearwater Beach to Northern Dunedin Pinellas FL 28°00′11″N 82°49′43″W / 28.003°N 82.8285°W / 28.003; -82.8285 (Clearwater Beach (Oct. 12, EF2)) 05:47–05:55 4.97 mi (8.00 km) 300 yd (270 m)
A tornadic waterspout moved ashore, causing significant damage to multiple homes, vehicles, and a yacht club, and snapping or uprooting sea grape and palm trees. Continuing northeastward, the tornado crossed St. Joseph Sound, and upon reaching the opposite shore exhibited its peak strength of low-end EF2, ripping part of the roof off a three-story condo and knocking down part of the wall it was attached to. The tornado then damaged a strip mall and some mobile homes before dissipating.[41]
EF2 Crystal River Preserve State Park to NE of Crystal River Citrus FL 28°50′47″N 82°36′39″W / 28.8464°N 82.6108°W / 28.8464; -82.6108 (Crystal River (Oct. 12, EF2)) 06:08–06:19 5.6 mi (9.0 km) 300 yd (270 m)
This strong tornado, which likely began as a tornadic waterspout, was first observed within the northeast corner of Crystal River Preserve State Park. Moving northeastward, the tornado quickly strengthened to EF2 strength as it tracked close to the Paradise Point community, where several large trees and tree branches were snapped, and homes suffered partial to complete loss of their roofs. The tornado then crossed US 19 into the southeastern part of Crystal River and struck another home, ripping off a large portion of its roof and knocking down multiple exterior walls. Other homes in the area suffered varying degrees of roof damage and trees and power poles were snapped or uprooted. The tornado weakened as it continued northeastward and passed east of Crystal River, causing more damage to roofs, trees, and power poles before dissipating after exiting town.[42]
EF0 Eastern Trinity Pasco FL 28°11′11″N 82°37′03″W / 28.1865°N 82.6175°W / 28.1865; -82.6175 (Trinity (Oct. 12, EF0)) 06:17–06:18 0.11 mi (0.18 km) 15 yd (14 m)
A very brief tornado, which was captured on a doorbell camera, threw lawn furniture and bent fences.[43]
EF2 Palm Coast Flagler FL 29°34′04″N 81°15′04″W / 29.5678°N 81.2512°W / 29.5678; -81.2512 (Palm Coast (Oct. 12, EF2)) 08:40–08:46 1 mi (1.6 km) 200 yd (180 m)
A low-end EF2 flipped a car and caused significant roof damage to several homes. Trees and powerlines were downed and lanai enclosures, sheds and fences were significantly damaged or destroyed.[44]
EF0 W of Bunnell to southern Palm Coast to Painters Hill Flagler FL 29°28′03″N 81°20′21″W / 29.4674°N 81.3391°W / 29.4674; -81.3391 (Bunnell (Oct. 12, EF0)) 12:30–12:53 12.07 mi (19.42 km) 25 yd (23 m)
A weak and sporadic tornado tracked over half of Flagler county's width and caused minor structure damage. Intermittent tree damage also occurred.[45]
EF0 Belleair Bluffs Pinellas FL 27°54′59″N 82°49′49″W / 27.9163°N 82.8303°W / 27.9163; -82.8303 (Belleair Bluffs (Oct. 12, EF0)) 15:34–15:35 0.42 mi (0.68 km) 15 yd (14 m)
A very brief tornado was observed over the Intracoastal Waterway along the Belleair Causeway (CR 416). It then moved onshore, where it damaged the roof of an apartment building before quickly dissipating.[46]
EFU NNE of Arlington Kiowa CO 38°26′N 103°19′W / 38.43°N 103.31°W / 38.43; -103.31 (Arlington (Oct. 12, EFU)) 17:25 unknown unknown
A well-defined landspout was photographed over open land.[8]
EF0 NE of Bertrand Phelps NE 40°34′14″N 99°34′46″W / 40.5706°N 99.5794°W / 40.5706; -99.5794 (Bertrand (Oct. 12, EF0)) 18:05–18:08 1.82 mi (2.93 km) 30 yd (27 m)
A central irrigation pivot was flipped and a house suffered minor roof damage with lawn furniture tossed.[47]
EFU S of Overton Dawson NE 40°41′N 99°31′W / 40.69°N 99.52°W / 40.69; -99.52 (Overton (Oct. 12, EFU)) 18:20 0.01 mi (0.016 km) 20 yd (18 m)
A brief tornado just south of I-80 was reported by storm chasers and captured on video. No damage was found.[48]
EFU WNW of Beloit Mitchell KS 39°28′39″N 98°10′48″W / 39.4776°N 98.1799°W / 39.4776; -98.1799 (Beloit (Oct. 12, EFU)) 20:39 0.01 mi (0.016 km) 20 yd (18 m)
A brief tornado just south of US 24/K-9 was captured on video. No damage was found.[49]
EF1 ESE of Hildreth to S of Minden Franklin, Kearney NE 40°19′11″N 99°00′22″W / 40.3196°N 99.0061°W / 40.3196; -99.0061 (Hildreth (Oct. 12, EF1)) 20:43–20:53 6.29 mi (10.12 km) 75 yd (69 m)
A low-end EF1 tornado struck a farmstead, damaging a house and a silo and snapping trees. Elsewhere, central irrigation pivots were flipped and damaged and field debris was blown into power lines and bushes.[50][51]
EF0 ESE of Prosser Adams NE 40°40′02″N 98°33′08″W / 40.6672°N 98.5522°W / 40.6672; -98.5522 (Prosser (Oct. 12, EF0)) 21:43–21:45 1.25 mi (2.01 km) 170 yd (160 m)
Corn stalks were flattened or damaged; one stalk was thrown into a power. Minor tree damage also occurred.[52]
EFU SSW of Doniphan Hall NE 40°43′58″N 98°23′38″W / 40.7327°N 98.394°W / 40.7327; -98.394 (Doniphan (Oct. 12, EFU)) 22:04 0.01 mi (0.016 km) 20 yd (18 m)
A brief tornado just west of US 281 was reported by storm chasers and captured on video. No damage was found.[53]
EFU NE of Ellsworth Ellsworth KS 38°49′N 98°10′W / 38.81°N 98.17°W / 38.81; -98.17 (Ellsworth (Oct. 12, EFU)) 22:15 unknown unknown
A tornado was reported.[8]

October 13 event

[edit]
List of confirmed tornadoes - Friday, October 13, 2023[a]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width
EF0 SW of Clare Webster IA 42°32′59″N 94°23′07″W / 42.5496°N 94.3852°W / 42.5496; -94.3852 (Webster (Oct. 13, EF0)) 19:12–19:13 0.24 mi (0.39 km) 25 yd (23 m)
A brief tornado was videoed over open, rural farmland causing no damage.[54]
EF0 Southeastern Newton Jasper IA 41°40′43″N 93°00′46″W / 41.6785°N 93.0129°W / 41.6785; -93.0129 (Newton (Oct. 13, EF0)) 21:09–21:12 0.64 mi (1.03 km) 80 yd (73 m)
A weak tornado was captured on video near Iowa Speedway moving across I-80. Very minor damage was done to the top of a building with a small section of tin removed.[55]
EF1 N of Versailles Brown IL 39°57′17″N 90°39′49″W / 39.9548°N 90.6636°W / 39.9548; -90.6636 (Versailles (Oct. 13, EF1)) 23:08–23:10 0.42 mi (0.68 km) 25 yd (23 m)
A high-end EF1 tornado damaged a double-wide residence, the adjacent garage and a carport. The home experienced some roof loss. Several trees on and around the property sustained damage. A person was also injured.[56]

October 25 event

[edit]
List of confirmed tornadoes - Wednesday, October 25, 2023[a]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width
EF0 SSW of Wynnewood Garvin OK 34°34′48″N 97°12′22″W / 34.58°N 97.206°W / 34.58; -97.206 (Wynnewood (Oct. 25, EF0)) 21:58 0.3 mi (0.48 km) 20 yd (18 m)
Motorists on I-35 observed and videoed a weak tornado.[57]
EF0 SE of Johnson Pottawatomie OK 35°22′52″N 96°47′28″W / 35.381°N 96.791°W / 35.381; -96.791 (Johson (Oct. 25, EF0)) 23:30–23:31 0.5 mi (0.80 km) 20 yd (18 m)
A weak TDS showed up on radar and the only damage noted were to branches that had been previously cut from trees that were blown around.[58]

October 26 event

[edit]
List of confirmed tornadoes - Thursday, October 26, 2023[a]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width
EF0 W of Alum Wilson TX 29°16′47″N 97°59′07″W / 29.2796°N 97.9853°W / 29.2796; -97.9853 (Alum (Oct. 26, EF0)) 11:35–11:56 5.99 mi (9.64 km) 50 yd (46 m)
A weak tornado snapped and uprooted trees.[59]
EF0 San Antonio to Alamo Heights Bexar TX 29°25′10″N 98°28′09″W / 29.4195°N 98.4692°W / 29.4195; -98.4692 (San Antonio (Oct. 26, EF0)) 13:01–13:18 5.17 mi (8.32 km) 150 yd (140 m)
A tornado caused sporadic, very minor tree damage in eastern San Antonio and lifted metal roof panels in a railyard. More damage occurred within Fort Sam Houston including lofted trampolines, roof damage to a building, and significant tree damage. The tornado then entered the suburbs of San Antonio, doing roof damage to an apartment building and some damage at a school before lifting.[60]
EF0 ESE of Niederwald Caldwell TX 29°57′34″N 97°42′31″W / 29.9595°N 97.7086°W / 29.9595; -97.7086 (Niederwald (Oct. 26, EF0)) 13:05–13:07 0.49 mi (0.79 km) 10 yd (9.1 m)
A construction site was slightly damaged.[61]
EF0 Cibolo Guadalupe TX 29°34′39″N 98°15′09″W / 29.5774°N 98.2526°W / 29.5774; -98.2526 (Cibolo (Oct. 26, EF0)) 13:39–13:47 2.02 mi (3.25 km) 100 yd (91 m)
Minor damage occurred to fences and trees. Single damage also occurred to several homes.[62]
EF0 ENE of Sattler Comal TX 29°50′41″N 98°07′09″W / 29.8448°N 98.1193°W / 29.8448; -98.1193 (Sattler (Oct. 26, EF0)) 14:12–14:13 0.3 mi (0.48 km) 30 yd (27 m)
A weak tornado damaged some trees and fences.[63]

October 28 event

[edit]
List of confirmed tornadoes - Saturday, October 28, 2023[a]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width
EFU NNE of Battle McLennan TX 31°34′N 96°53′W / 31.57°N 96.89°W / 31.57; -96.89 (Battle (Oct. 26, EFU)) 21:54 0.01 mi (0.016 km) 3 yd (2.7 m)
A video was posted on social media of a brief tornado. No known damage occurred.[64]

November

[edit]
Confirmed tornadoes by Enhanced Fujita rating
EFU EF0 EF1 EF2 EF3 EF4 EF5 Total
0 9 10 0 0 0 0 19

November 5 event

[edit]
List of confirmed tornadoes - Sunday, November 5, 2023[a]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width
EF0 NE of Canyon City Grant OR 44°23′54″N 118°54′44″W / 44.3983°N 118.9123°W / 44.3983; -118.9123 (Canyon City (Nov. 5, EF0)) 20:59–21:04 0.23 mi (0.37 km) 75 yd (69 m)
A high-end EF0 tornado inflicted roof damage to a manufactured home and an open hay shelter, moved a travel trailer several feet, and uprooted a tree in saturated soil.[65]

November 15 event

[edit]
List of confirmed tornadoes - Wednesday, November 15, 2023[a]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width
EF0 Big Pine Key Monroe FL 24°41′N 81°22′W / 24.69°N 81.37°W / 24.69; -81.37 (Big Pine Key (Nov. 15, EF0)) 11:27–11:28 0.4 mi (0.64 km) unknown
A tornado occurred on the Big Pine Key.[8]

November 19 event

[edit]
List of confirmed tornadoes - Sunday, November 19, 2023[a]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width
EF1 Star Valley Gila AZ 34°15′04″N 111°16′19″W / 34.251°N 111.272°W / 34.251; -111.272 (Star Valley (Nov. 19, EF1)) 16:39–16:49 2.4 mi (3.9 km) 100 yd (91 m)
A rare high-altitude tornado went through the small town of Star Valley and damaged 20 structures (primarily manufactured homes). Several roofs were "partially removed".[66]

November 20 event

[edit]
List of confirmed tornadoes - Monday, November 20, 2023[a]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width
EF1 WSW of Gorum to SSE of Janie Natchitoches LA 31°24′36″N 93°01′42″W / 31.4099°N 93.0282°W / 31.4099; -93.0282 (Gorum (Nov. 20, EF1)) 20:32–20:46 8.77 mi (14.11 km) 150 yd (140 m)
A tornado tracked across the Kisatchie National Forest to the Gorum area, with many trees being snapped or uprooted. A portion of the tin roof was ripped off a home, a tree fell on another home, a camper was blown over on its side, and a doublewide had its roof removed.[67]
EF0 SSW of Cora Vernon LA 31°06′17″N 92°53′04″W / 31.1047°N 92.8845°W / 31.1047; -92.8845 (Cora (Nov. 20, EF0)) 23:17–23:22 1.42 mi (2.29 km) 75 yd (69 m)
A tornado just east of Fort Johnson downed several trees.[68]
EF0 NW of Woodworth Rapides LA 31°11′51″N 92°33′18″W / 31.1975°N 92.5551°W / 31.1975; -92.5551 (Woodworth (Nov. 20, EF0)) 23:58–00:08 2.83 mi (4.55 km) 50 yd (46 m)
Several trees were downed.[69]
EF1 S of Sharon Madison MS 32°36′14″N 89°56′24″W / 32.604°N 89.94°W / 32.604; -89.94 (Sharon (Nov. 20, EF1)) 00:01–00:07 2.29 mi (3.69 km) 350 yd (320 m)
A tornado east of Canton downed several trees and damaged a few small buildings.[70]
EF0 SE of Alexandria Rapides LA 31°12′N 92°24′W / 31.2°N 92.4°W / 31.2; -92.4 (Alexandria (Nov. 20, EF0)) 00:22 0.1 mi (0.16 km) 40 yd (37 m)
A weak tornado damaged some trees.[8]
EF1 NNE of Heucks to N of Tyrus Lincoln, Lawrence MS 31°40′52″N 90°21′00″W / 31.681°N 90.35°W / 31.681; -90.35 (Heucks (Nov. 20, EF1)) 00:29–00:43 9.04 mi (14.55 km) 100 yd (91 m)
A tin roof was peeled off a shed, and several trees were either snapped or uprooted.[71][72]
EF0 ESE of Ofahoma Leake MS 32°41′38″N 89°40′15″W / 32.694°N 89.6708°W / 32.694; -89.6708 (Ofahoma (Nov. 20, EF0)) 00:36–00:37 0.83 mi (1.34 km) 50 yd (46 m)
A brief tornado downed a couple trees.[73]
EF0 WSW of Bush Simpson MS 31°51′37″N 90°01′15″W / 31.8603°N 90.0208°W / 31.8603; -90.0208 (Bush (Nov. 20, EF0)) 00:36–00:44 3.3 mi (5.3 km) 75 yd (69 m)
Several trees were downed.[74]
EF1 Marksville to N of Bordelonville Avoyelles LA 31°07′54″N 92°04′02″W / 31.1316°N 92.0673°W / 31.1316; -92.0673 (Marksville (Nov. 20, EF1)) 00:55–01:14 9.64 mi (15.51 km) 300 yd (270 m)
This tornado began in Marksville and moved east-northeastward. Several homes were damaged in and northeast of Marksville, and numerous trees and power lines were downed. One tree fell through a small home. The tornado lifted right before entering the Lake Ophelia National Wildlife Refuge.[75]
EF1 Northeastern Cottonport to NNE of Simmesport Avoyelles LA 30°59′23″N 92°02′31″W / 30.9897°N 92.0419°W / 30.9897; -92.0419 (Cottonport (Nov. 20, EF1)) 01:20–01:46 14.91 mi (24.00 km) 300 yd (270 m)
Homes in Cottonport sustained substantial damage to roofs and carports, numerous trees were downed along the path, and an old home was collapsed north of Simmesport.[76]
EF1 NE of Big Bend to ESE of Shaw Avoyelles, Concordia LA 31°11′N 91°43′W / 31.18°N 91.72°W / 31.18; -91.72 (Big Bend (Nov. 20, EF1)) 01:35–01:47 6.72 mi (10.81 km) 300 yd (270 m)
The actual start point is unknown due to lack of accessible roads in the area. Considerable hardwood and cedar tree damage occurred along the path before the tornado lifted near the Mississippi River.[77][78]
EF0 WNW of Magee Simpson MS 31°53′13″N 89°47′05″W / 31.8869°N 89.7847°W / 31.8869; -89.7847 (Magee (Nov. 20, EF0)) 01:43–01:44 0.21 mi (0.34 km) 50 yd (46 m)
A brief tornado downed several small trees and large tree limbs.[79]
EF1 N of Center Ridge Smith MS 31°56′20″N 89°29′04″W / 31.939°N 89.4845°W / 31.939; -89.4845 (Center Ridge (Nov. 20, EF1)) 02:09–02:13 2.94 mi (4.73 km) 200 yd (180 m)
A chicken house and several other buildings were damaged, one barn was damaged, and three mobile homes had siding or skirting damage, with one also losing its porch. Several trees were either snapped or uprooted, and large tree limbs were snapped off.[80]
EF1 Little Springs Franklin MS 31°23′10″N 90°44′45″W / 31.3862°N 90.7459°W / 31.3862; -90.7459 (Little Springs (Nov. 20, EF1)) 03:22–03:26 1.21 mi (1.95 km) 100 yd (91 m)
A high-end EF1 tornado removed much of the roof from a brick house, caused roof damage to a second house, destroyed two sheds, and snapped several pine trees.[81]

November 21 event

[edit]
List of confirmed tornadoes - Tuesday, November 21, 2023[a]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width
EF1 NE of Highfalls to NNE of Hartford Geneva AL 31°07′04″N 85°45′42″W / 31.1177°N 85.7616°W / 31.1177; -85.7616 (Highfalls (Nov. 21, EF1)) 23:04–23:15 6.07 mi (9.77 km) 50 yd (46 m)
Several metal chicken houses were damaged, an outbuilding and a barn were heavily damaged, and many trees were either snapped or uprooted.[82]
EF0 S of Leeds Chester SC 34°36′32″N 81°22′48″W / 34.609°N 81.38°W / 34.609; -81.38 (Leeds (Nov. 21, EF0)) 01:43–01:44 0.04 mi (0.064 km) 20 yd (18 m)
Several tree limbs were snapped off and one tree was split by a very brief tornado.[83]

December

[edit]
Confirmed tornadoes by Enhanced Fujita rating
EFU EF0 EF1 EF2 EF3 EF4 EF5 Total
0 5 11 4 1 0 0 21

December 1 event

[edit]
List of confirmed tornadoes - Friday, December 1, 2023[a]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width
EF0 Eastern Poplarville Pearl River MS 30°49′59″N 89°31′15″W / 30.833°N 89.5209°W / 30.833; -89.5209 (Poplarville (Dec. 1, EF0)) 12:10–12:11 0.29 mi (0.47 km) 75 yd (69 m)
A few trees were downed, three sheds sustained roof and wall damage and a car port was also destroyed.[84]

December 9 event

[edit]
This section is an excerpt from December 2023 Tennessee tornado outbreak § December 9 event.[edit]
List of confirmed tornadoes – Saturday, December 9, 2023[a]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width
EF1 NNE of Yorkville to S of Sharon to SSE of Dresden Gibson, Weakley TN 36°07′03″N 89°03′36″W / 36.1175°N 89.0601°W / 36.1175; -89.0601 (Yorkville (Dec. 9, EF1)) 17:32–18:03 24.91 mi (40.09 km) 600 yd (550 m)
This long-tracked tornado was the first one associated with the long-lived Clarksville supercell. The tornado touched down at mid-EF1 intensity as it began snapping hardwood trees. A home was heavily damaged near the beginning of the path, and its carport was demolished. Trees next to the home were snapped. As the tornado passed northwest of the town of Rutherford, it ripped the roof and some walls off two homes. After crossing US 45 to the north of Rutherford, an outbuilding was severely damaged, and several hardwood trees were snapped at high-end EF1 intensity. In this area, the tornado also caused damage to the Gibson County Rescue 9 fire station and flipped a semi-truck and a van. After continuing to the northeast, the tornado continued inflicting damage to multiple homes, tearing roofs and snapping hardwood trees for several miles. The tornado then entered the community of Kimery at low-to-mid EF1 intensity, damaging several structures. After exiting Kimery, the tornado passed south of Sharon, where it reached its peak intensity as it snapped several wooden utility poles and hardwood trees with winds estimated at 110 mph (180 km/h). As the tornado passed south of Dresden, it maintained EF1 intensity, and caused a stretch of concentrated damage along Summers Road. A double-wide mobile home was rolled off its foundation, injuring two people inside. Several homes and businesses were damaged before the tornado struck the National Guard Armory on SR 22, causing minor damage. The tornado dissipated soon after impacting the armory. In total, the tornado injured three people.[85][86]
EF1 Indian Mound to S of Fort Campbell Stewart, Montgomery TN 36°29′35″N 87°44′43″W / 36.4931°N 87.7453°W / 36.4931; -87.7453 (Indian Mound (Dec. 9, EF1)) 19:19–19:32 8.75 mi (14.08 km) 75 yd (69 m)
This tornado, which was the second one associated with the long-lived Clarksville supercell, touched down just east of the Cumberland River at EF1 intensity, snapping several hardwood trees and causing minor damage to a home. The tornado began moving northeast towards the community of Indian Mound, snapping dozens of trees and uprooting several others. As the tornado entered Indian Mound, it caused damage to several structures, including a church overhang awning, greenhouses, barns, and outbuildings. On the northeastern side of Indian Mound, the tornado reached its peak intensity as it snapped several hardwood trees at high-end EF1 intensity with winds estimated at 110 mph (180 km/h). For several miles, the tornado crossed and/or parallel Gillum Hollow Road, where it struck dozens of structures and snapped or uprooted dozens of trees at EF1 intensity. The tornado lifted close to US 79.[87][88]
EF3 Northern Clarksville, TN to Southern Allensville, KY to SE of Auburn, KY Montgomery (TN), Todd (KY), Logan (KY), Simpson (KY) TN, KY 36°34′29″N 87°28′18″W / 36.5746°N 87.4718°W / 36.5746; -87.4718 (Clarksville (Dec. 9, EF3)) 19:41–20:49 47.22 mi (75.99 km) 600 yd (550 m)
4 deaths – See section on this tornado – 61 people were injured.[89][90][91][92]
EF1 Southern Bowling Green Warren KY 36°55′26″N 86°27′00″W / 36.924°N 86.45°W / 36.924; -86.45 (Bowling Green (Dec. 9, EF1)) 21:07–21:13 2.24 mi (3.60 km) 125 yd (114 m)
This tornado destroyed a greenhouse, inflicted roof and siding damage to numerous homes, two metal warehouses, and a hotel, and snapped or uprooted trees. The last produced by the Clarksville supercell, the tornado maintained low-EF1 intensity though most of its track, causing damage to several structures, where winds were estimated to be 90 mph (140 km/h). The tornado tracked just south of the path of the deadly EF3 tornado nearly two years earlier.[93]
EF2 N of Cumberland Furnace Dickson TN 36°16′45″N 87°24′50″W / 36.2793°N 87.4138°W / 36.2793; -87.4138 (Cumberland Furnace (Dec. 9, EF2)) 21:29–21:39 5.8 mi (9.3 km) 300 yd (270 m)
A strong tornado developed over a rural area, before eventually striking multiple residences, toppling exterior walls and demolishing a double-wide mobile home. Two people were injured.[94]
EF2 N of White Bluff to WNW of Nashville Dickson, Cheatham, Davidson TN 36°09′36″N 87°14′01″W / 36.1601°N 87.2335°W / 36.1601; -87.2335 (White Bluff (Dec. 9, EF2)) 22:03–22:27 18.37 mi (29.56 km) 500 yd (460 m)
This strong tornado, the first associated with the Hendersonville supercell, touched down in eastern Dickson County snapping and uprooting several trees and destroying an outbuilding. It quickly intensified to low-end EF2 strength, as it demolished a single story manufactured home. It then did minor damage to high-tension power lines and continued to snap large trees as it moved into Cheatham County. Uprooted trees and minor roof damage occurred in the Griffintown area of Cheatham County. Sporadic tree damage was noted as it moved into the Cheatham Wildlife Management Area. It strengthened once more, causing severe structure damage to homes along Dry Creek Road south of Ashland City. It then crossed into Davidson County, crossing the Cumberland River, where additional homes sustained damage before it dissipated.[95][96][97]
EF2 Southern Springfield Robertson TN 36°28′08″N 86°54′28″W / 36.4689°N 86.9078°W / 36.4689; -86.9078 (Springfield (Dec. 9, EF2)) 22:16–22:25 6 mi (9.7 km) 300 yd (270 m)
The tornado, which was produced by the same storm that spawned the Cumberland Furnace EF2 tornado, touched down next to the NorthCrest Medical Center and began moving to the northeast, where it caused minor damage to several homes. It snapped or uprooted several softwood trees in this area. As it crossed US 41, it quickly strengthened as it struck several businesses, causing low-end EF2 damage to five businesses and high-end EF1 damage to several others. A large Kroger store sustained mid-EF1 damage from the tornado, and 25 vehicles in the parking lot were flipped by the tornado, with some being thrown into a nearby ditch. The tornado reached its peak intensity after striking the Kroger as it impacted the Burley Stabilization Corporation (BSC) building, which was destroyed, with winds estimated at 120 mph (190 km/h). The National Weather Service noted the support columns holding the warehouse-like building up had grade 5 bolts anchoring them. EF1 damage occurred to nearby businesses and a metal utility pole was bent. It then weakened as it entered a subdivision along Greystone Drive, where it caused only minor damage to a few homes. After impacting the subdivision, the tornado strengthened back to EF1 intensity as it struck a few homes and vehicles along Roy Pitt Road. The tornado dissipated near Oakland Road and SR 76. In total, the tornado injured four people.[98]
EF2 WSW of Madison to Hendersonville to NW of Hartsville Davidson, Sumner, Trousdale TN 36°15′18″N 86°47′07″W / 36.255°N 86.7852°W / 36.255; -86.7852 (Madison (Dec. 9, EF2)) 22:39–23:31 34.77 mi (55.96 km) 400 yd (370 m)
3 deaths – See section on this tornado – 22 people were injured.[99][100][101]
EF1 SE of Gamaliel, KY Clay (TN), Monroe (KY) TN, KY 36°37′01″N 85°43′23″W / 36.6169°N 85.723°W / 36.6169; -85.723 (Gamaliel (Dec. 9, EF1)) 00:07–00:11 2.86 mi (4.60 km) 50 yd (46 m)
This brief tornado was the last one produced by the Hendersonville supercell. A home had its porch destroyed, numerous trees were blown down, and chicken barns were damaged.[102][103]
EF0 N of Braxton to S of Puckett Simpson, Rankin MS 32°02′44″N 89°59′09″W / 32.0455°N 89.9858°W / 32.0455; -89.9858 (Braxton (Dec. 9, EF0)) 03:18–03:35 13.93 mi (22.42 km) 350 yd (320 m)
This tornado, which closely straddled the Simpson-Rankin county line, damaged trees, one of which was toppled onto power lines.[104][105][106]
EF0 W of Raleigh Smith MS 32°01′26″N 89°37′08″W / 32.0238°N 89.619°W / 32.0238; -89.619 (Raleigh (Dec. 9, EF0)) 03:44–03:49 3.71 mi (5.97 km) 75 yd (69 m)
This tornado developed soon after the previous one occluded, causing damage to trees and vegetation, one of which included a fallen tree, which fell onto a house.[107]
EF1 NNW of Montrose to Enterprise Jasper, Clarke MS 32°12′44″N 89°16′40″W / 32.2123°N 89.2779°W / 32.2123; -89.2779 (Montrose (Dec. 9, EF1)) 04:04–04:42 27.21 mi (43.79 km) 350 yd (320 m)
This small but long-lived tornado snapped and uprooted numerous trees in its path. The tornado then crossed into Clarke County, passing near Enterprise, where both trees and power lines were downed before it dissipated. The path was inaccessible at certain points due to the lack of roads.[108][109]

December 10 event

[edit]
This section is an excerpt from December 2023 Tennessee tornado outbreak § December 10 event.[edit]
List of confirmed tornadoes – Sunday, December 10, 2023[a]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width
EF1 Homewood Jefferson AL 33°26′36″N 86°50′13″W / 33.4434°N 86.837°W / 33.4434; -86.837 (Homewood (Dec. 10, EF1)) 06:09–06:12 3.02 mi (4.86 km) 600 yd (550 m)
A tornado embedded within a larger area of straight-line wind damage heavily damaged a five-story office building, blowing out the windows, and heavily damaged a tire business. Two hotels, several stores, and a few apartment buildings sustained roof damage, a hotel sign was blown out, and a vehicle was flipped. Much of the path consisted of many snapped or uprooted trees falling on homes, vehicles, and power lines. The tornado dissipated near Samford University.[110]
EF1 Homewood to Mountain Brook Jefferson AL 33°28′07″N 86°47′06″W / 33.4685°N 86.7849°W / 33.4685; -86.7849 (Homewood (Dec. 10, EF1)) 06:13–06:15 1.78 mi (2.86 km) 200 yd (180 m)
A second tornado embedded within a larger area of straight-line wind damage developed just east of Samford University, and moved across US 31 and US 280 near Brookwood Village. Numerous trees were downed, with several falling on homes and power lines.[111]
EF0 N of Clopton to S of Bakerhill Barbour, Henry AL 31°37′24″N 85°26′31″W / 31.6234°N 85.442°W / 31.6234; -85.442 (Clopton (Dec. 10, EF0)) 07:19–07:37 8 mi (13 km) 200 yd (180 m)
Sporadic tree damage was observed, and a chicken farm was damaged.[112][113]
EF0 SSE of Auburn Lee AL 32°27′54″N 85°25′33″W / 32.4649°N 85.4258°W / 32.4649; -85.4258 (Auburn (Dec. 10, EF0)) 10:36–10:39 2.43 mi (3.91 km) 400 yd (370 m)
This brief tornado caused roof damage to one home, and minor tree damage along its path.[114]
EF1 NE of Westville to NNE of Caryville Holmes FL 30°48′19″N 85°49′59″W / 30.8054°N 85.8331°W / 30.8054; -85.8331 (Westville (Dec. 10, EF1)) 11:30–11:37 2.97 mi (4.78 km) 250 yd (230 m)
This tornado remained over rural areas, snapping numerous trees and tree branches along its path.[115]
EF1 Garner Wake NC 35°41′38″N 78°39′07″W / 35.694°N 78.652°W / 35.694; -78.652 (Garner (Dec. 10, EF1)) 17:28–17:32 1.88 mi (3.03 km) 250 yd (230 m)
A high-end EF1 tornado snapped and uprooted dozens of trees, some of which damaged homes, and tossed lawn furniture.[116]

December 17 event

[edit]
List of confirmed tornadoes - Sunday, December 17, 2023[a]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width
EF1 Eastern Socastee Horry SC 33°41′01″N 78°58′25″W / 33.6837°N 78.9737°W / 33.6837; -78.9737 (Socastee (Dec. 17, EF1)) 18:16–18:20 2.35 mi (3.78 km) 150 yd (140 m)
This tornado touched down west of Myrtle Beach, damaging numerous homes, before tracking into the Arrowhead Country Club, where it caused tree damage before dissipating. The tornado was embedded within a larger area of damaging winds from its parent storm.[117]

December 19 event

[edit]
List of confirmed tornadoes - Tuesday, December 19, 2023[a]
EF# Location County / Parish State Start Coord. Time (UTC) Path length Max width
EF1 Northern Oroville Butte CA 39°31′N 121°34′W / 39.52°N 121.56°W / 39.52; -121.56 (Oroville (Dec. 17, EF1)) 01:40–01:42 0.36 mi (0.58 km) 90 yd (82 m)
A thunderstorm in Northern California spawned a tornado that briefly touched the ground, tearing shingles off roofs, uprooting trees, snapping limbs off trees, toppling a light pole and damaging carports.[27][118] In the finalized press release for the tornado, the National Centers for Environmental Information reported the rating for the tornado was EF0, with notes the National Weather Service found EF1 damage.[119]

See also

[edit]

Notes

[edit]
  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z aa ab ac ad ae af ag All dates are based on the local time zone where the tornado touched down; however, all times are in Coordinated Universal Time for consistency.

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "U.S. Tornado Climatology | National Centers for Environmental Information (NCEI) formerly known as National Climatic Data Center (NCDC)". www.ncdc.noaa.gov. Retrieved 1 September 2021.
  2. ^ "U.S. Tornadoes". National Centers for Environmental Information. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved September 1, 2023.
  3. ^ Ian Livingston (September 17, 2015). "Here's where tornadoes typically form in September across the United States". U.S. Tornadoes. Retrieved September 1, 2023.
  4. ^ Ian Livingston (October 14, 2015). "Here's where tornadoes typically form in October across the United States". U.S. Tornadoes. Retrieved September 26, 2023.
  5. ^ Ian Livingston (November 17, 2014). "Here's where tornadoes typically form in November across the United States". U.S. Tornadoes. Retrieved October 29, 2023.
  6. ^ National Weather Service in New Orleans, Louisiana (2023). Louisiana Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
  7. ^ National Weather Service in Flagstaff, Arizona (2023). Arizona Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
  8. ^ a b c d e f g h i j "Tornado Archive". tornadoarchive.com. 20 May 2023. Retrieved 25 March 2024.
  9. ^ National Weather Service in Mount Holly, New Jersey (2023). Delaware Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
  10. ^ National Centers for Environmental Information; National Weather Service (18 December 2023). "Florida Event Report: EF0 Tornado (St. Johns County)" (Report). Storm Events Database. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 20 December 2023. Retrieved 20 December 2023.
  11. ^ National Weather Service in Norton, Massachusetts (2023). Connecticut Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
  12. ^ "...NWS Damage Survey for September 13th, 2023 Tornado Event..." mesonet.agron.iastate.edu. Retrieved 24 October 2023.
  13. ^ National Weather Service in Norton, Massachusetts (2023). Rhode Island Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
  14. ^ National Weather Service in Norton, Massachusetts (2023). Massachusetts Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
  15. ^ National Weather Service in Brownsville, Texas (2023). Texas Event Report: EFU Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
  16. ^ National Weather Service in Goodland, Kansas (2023). Texas Event Report: EFU Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
  17. ^ National Weather Service in Davenport, Iowa (2023). Iowa Event Report: EFU Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
  18. ^ National Weather Service in Wakefield, Virginia (2023). North Carolina Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
  19. ^ National Weather Service in Sioux Falls, South Dakota (2023). South Dakota Event Report: EFU Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
  20. ^ National Weather Service in Sioux Falls, South Dakota (2023). Minnesota Event Report: EFU Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
  21. ^ National Weather Service in Sioux Falls, South Dakota (2023). South Dakota Event Report: EFU Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
  22. ^ National Weather Service in Chanhassen, Minnesota (2023). Minnesota Event Report: EFU Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
  23. ^ National Weather Service in Sioux Falls, South Dakota (2023). South Dakota Event Report: EFU Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
  24. ^ National Weather Service in Aberdeen, South Dakota (2023). South Dakota Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
  25. ^ National Weather Service in Sioux Falls, South Dakota (2023). South Dakota Event Report: EFU Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
  26. ^ National Weather Service in Sullivan, Wisconsin (2023). Wisconsin Event Report: EFU Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
  27. ^ a b c Various offices of the National Weather Service. "Damage Assessment Toolkit" (Interactive map and database). National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Retrieved 19 December 2023.
  28. ^ National Weather Service in Davenport, Iowa (2023). Iowa Event Report: EFU Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
  29. ^ National Weather Service in Jacksonville, Florida (2023). Florida Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
  30. ^ National Weather Service in Jacksonville, Florida (2023). Florida Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
  31. ^ National Weather Service in Wilmington, Ohio (2023). Ohio Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved December 18, 2023.
  32. ^ National Weather Service in Albuquerque, New Mexico (2024). New Mexico Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  33. ^ National Weather Service in Hastings, Nebraska (2024). Nebraska Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  34. ^ National Weather Service in Goodland, Kansas (2024). Kansas Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  35. ^ National Weather Service in Hastings, Nebraska (2024). Nebraska Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  36. ^ National Weather Service in Hastings, Nebraska (2024). Nebraska Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  37. ^ National Weather Service in Valley, Nebraska (2024). Nebraska Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  38. ^ National Weather Service in Portland, Oregon (2024). Washington Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  39. ^ National Weather Service in Tampa, Florida (2024). Florida Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  40. ^ National Weather Service in Tampa, Florida (2024). Florida Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  41. ^ National Weather Service in Tampa, Florida (2024). Florida Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  42. ^ National Weather Service in Tampa, Florida (2024). Florida Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  43. ^ National Weather Service in Tampa, Florida (2024). Florida Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  44. ^ National Weather Service in Jacksonville, Florida (2024). Florida Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  45. ^ National Weather Service in Jacksonville, Florida (2024). Florida Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  46. ^ National Weather Service in Tampa, Florida (2024). Florida Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  47. ^ National Weather Service in Hastings, Nebraska (2024). Nebraska Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  48. ^ National Weather Service in Hastings, Nebraska (2024). Nebraska Event Report: EFU Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  49. ^ National Weather Service in Hastings, Nebraska (2024). Kansas Event Report: EFU Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  50. ^ National Weather Service in Hastings, Nebraska (2024). Nebraska Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  51. ^ National Weather Service in Hastings, Nebraska (2024). Nebraska Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  52. ^ National Weather Service in Hastings, Nebraska (2024). Nebraska Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  53. ^ National Weather Service in Hastings, Nebraska (2024). Nebraska Event Report: EFU Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  54. ^ National Weather Service in Des Moines, Iowa (2024). Iowa Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  55. ^ National Weather Service in Des Moines, Iowa (2024). Iowa Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  56. ^ National Weather Service in St. Louis, Missouri (2024). Illinois Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved February 17, 2024.
  57. ^ National Weather Service in Norman, Oklahoma (2024). Oklahoma Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  58. ^ National Weather Service in Norman, Oklahoma (2024). Oklahoma Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  59. ^ National Weather Service in San Antonio, Texas (2024). Texas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  60. ^ National Weather Service in San Antonio, Texas (2024). Texas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  61. ^ National Weather Service in San Antonio, Texas (2024). Texas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  62. ^ National Weather Service in San Antonio, Texas (2024). Texas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  63. ^ National Weather Service in San Antonio, Texas (2024). Texas Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  64. ^ National Weather Service in Fort Worth, Texas (2024). Texas Event Report: EFU Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved January 17, 2024.
  65. ^ National Weather Service in Pendleton, Oregon (2024). Oregon Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved February 17, 2024.
  66. ^ National Weather Service in Flagstaff, Arizona (2024). Arizona Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved February 17, 2024.
  67. ^ National Weather Service in Shreveport, Louisiana (2024). Louisiana Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved February 17, 2024.
  68. ^ National Weather Service in Lake Charles, Louisiana (2024). Louisiana Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved February 17, 2024.
  69. ^ National Weather Service in Lake Charles, Louisiana (2024). Louisiana Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved February 17, 2024.
  70. ^ National Weather Service in Jackson, Mississippi (2024). Mississippi Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved February 17, 2024.
  71. ^ National Weather Service in Jackson, Mississippi (2024). Mississippi Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved February 17, 2024.
  72. ^ National Weather Service in Jackson, Mississippi (2024). Mississippi Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved February 17, 2024.
  73. ^ National Weather Service in Jackson, Mississippi (2024). Mississippi Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved February 17, 2024.
  74. ^ National Weather Service in Jackson, Mississippi (2024). Mississippi Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved February 17, 2024.
  75. ^ National Weather Service in Lake Charles, Louisiana (2024). Louisiana Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved February 17, 2024.
  76. ^ National Weather Service in Lake Charles, Louisiana (2024). Louisiana Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved February 17, 2024.
  77. ^ National Weather Service in Lake Charles, Louisiana (2024). Louisiana Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved February 17, 2024.
  78. ^ National Weather Service in Jackson, Mississippi (2024). Louisiana Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved February 17, 2024.
  79. ^ National Weather Service in Jackson, Mississippi (2024). Mississippi Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved February 17, 2024.
  80. ^ National Weather Service in Jackson, Mississippi (2024). Mississippi Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved February 17, 2024.
  81. ^ National Weather Service in Jackson, Mississippi (2024). Mississippi Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved February 17, 2024.
  82. ^ National Weather Service in Tallahassee, Florida (2024). Alabama Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved February 17, 2024.
  83. ^ National Weather Service in Greenville, South Carolina (2024). South Carolina Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved February 17, 2024.
  84. ^ National Weather Service in New Orleans, Louisiana (2024). Mississippi Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  85. ^ National Weather Service in Memphis, Tennessee (2024). Tennessee Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  86. ^ National Weather Service in Memphis, Tennessee (2024). Tennessee Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  87. ^ National Weather Service in Nashville, Tennessee (2024). Tennessee Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  88. ^ National Weather Service in Nashville, Tennessee (2024). Tennessee Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  89. ^ National Weather Service in Nashville, Tennessee (2024). Tennessee Event Report: EF3 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  90. ^ National Weather Service in Paducah, Kentucky (2024). Kentucky Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  91. ^ National Weather Service in Louisville, Kentucky (2024). Kentucky Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  92. ^ National Weather Service in Louisville, Kentucky (2024). Kentucky Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  93. ^ National Weather Service in Louisville, Kentucky (2024). Kentucky Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  94. ^ National Weather Service in Nashville, Tennessee (2024). Tennessee Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  95. ^ National Weather Service in Nashville, Tennessee (2024). Tennessee Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  96. ^ National Weather Service in Nashville, Tennessee (2024). Tennessee Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  97. ^ National Weather Service in Nashville, Tennessee (2024). Tennessee Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  98. ^ National Weather Service in Nashville, Tennessee (2024). Tennessee Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  99. ^ National Weather Service in Nashville, Tennessee (2024). Tennessee Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  100. ^ National Weather Service in Nashville, Tennessee (2024). Tennessee Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  101. ^ National Weather Service in Nashville, Tennessee (2024). Tennessee Event Report: EF2 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  102. ^ National Weather Service in Nashville, Tennessee (2024). Tennessee Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  103. ^ National Weather Service in Louisville, Kentucky (2024). Kentucky Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  104. ^ National Weather Service in Jackson, Mississippi (2024). Mississippi Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  105. ^ National Weather Service in Jackson, Mississippi (2024). Mississippi Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  106. ^ National Weather Service in Jackson, Mississippi (2024). Mississippi Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  107. ^ National Weather Service in Jackson, Mississippi (2024). Mississippi Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  108. ^ National Weather Service in Jackson, Mississippi (2024). Mississippi Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  109. ^ National Weather Service in Jackson, Mississippi (2024). Mississippi Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  110. ^ National Weather Service in Birmingham, Alabama (2024). Alabama Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  111. ^ National Weather Service in Birmingham, Alabama (2024). Alabama Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  112. ^ National Weather Service in Birmingham, Alabama (2024). Alabama Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  113. ^ National Weather Service in Tallahassee, Florida (2024). Alabama Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  114. ^ National Weather Service in Birmingham, Alabama (2024). Alabama Event Report: EF0 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  115. ^ National Weather Service in Tallahassee, Florida (2024). Florida Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  116. ^ National Weather Service in Raleigh, North Carolina (2024). North Carolina Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  117. ^ National Weather Service in Wilmington, North Carolina (2024). South Carolina Event Report: EF1 Tornado (Report). National Centers for Environmental Information. Retrieved March 17, 2024.
  118. ^ Graff, Amy (2023-12-21). "Tornado uproots trees and damages buildings in Northern California". SFGATE. Retrieved 2023-12-22.
  119. ^ National Centers for Environmental Information; National Weather Service office in Sacramento, California (17 March 2024). "California Event Report: EF0 Tornado" (Press release). Storm Events Database. Asheville, North Carolina and Sacramento, California: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Archived from the original on 17 March 2024. Retrieved 17 March 2024.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
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