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List of Turkish operations in northern Iraq

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Turkish operations in Northern Iraq
Part of the Kurdish–Turkish conflict; Iraqi Kurdish Civil War

Current military situation:
  Controlled by the Federal Government
  Controlled by the Kurdistan Region
  Controlled by the Turkish Armed Forces
Date1983–present
Location
Kurdistan Region, Iraq
Result Ongoing
Belligerents

 Turkey

Previous:
KDP (1992, 1995, 1997)[1][2]

PUK (1992)[1][2]

PKK
YBŞ
PJAK[3]

Previous:

PUK (1997)[4]
Casualties and losses
400+ killed[5] 8,000+ killed
1,700 captured,[5]
6,800+ displaced[6]

The Kurdish-Turkish conflict spilled over into Iraqi Kurdistan in 1983,[7] and has continued there intermittently since. The Turkish Armed Forces has launched a series of operations in Northern Iraq against the Kurdistan Workers' Party (PKK).[8] More than 37,000 people have been killed in the conflict since 1984.[9]

The operations resulted in a permanent Turkish presence in northern Iraq since 2018.[10] The Iraqi government at one time viewed these operations as a violation of Iraq's sovereignty,[11] with President Barham Salih demanding from Turkey their end, and the withdrawal of all of the Turkish armed forces from his country's territory.[12]

Date Operation TAF Fatalities (Wounded) PKK Fatalities (Captured)
27 May 1984 - 10 October 1984 Operation Hot Pursuit ? ?
5 October 1992 – 15 November 1992 Operation Northern Iraq 28 (125) 1,551 (1,232)
20 March 1995 – 4 May 1995 Operation Steel 64 (185) 555 (13)
12 May 1997 – 7 July 1997 Operation Hammer 114 (338) 2,730 (418)
25 September 1997 – 15 October 1997 Operation Dawn 31 (91) 865 (37)
21 February 2008 – 29 February 2008 Operation Sun 27[13][14][15] 240
24 July 2015 – 25 July 2015 Operation Martyr Yalçın 8 160
25 April 2017 2017 Turkish airstrikes in Syria and Iraq 0 33
28 May 2019 – 14 June 2020 Operation Claw 17[16] 417[17]
15 June 2020 – 17 April 2022 Operations Claw-Lightning and Thunderbolt 305 141
10 February 2021 – 14 February 2021 Operation Claw-Eagle 2 90 31
23 April 2021 – 17 April 2022 Operations Claw-Lightning and Thunderbolt 36 387
17 April 2022 – 4 May 2022 Operation Claw Lock 83 995
Total: 282 (739) 6,417 (2,700)

See also

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References

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  1. ^ a b Iraq – Kurds (1961 – first combat deaths) Archived 2007-06-20 at the Wayback Machine, January 2005
  2. ^ a b Turkey (1984–2002) Archived 2011-02-07 at the Wayback Machine, March 2003
  3. ^ "Page 2" (PDF). Retrieved 29 May 2023.
  4. ^ "The Arab Spring, ITS Effects on the Kurds, and the Approaches of Turkey, Iran, Syria, and Iraq on the Kurdish Issue". Archived from the original on 17 September 2012. Retrieved 9 November 2012.
  5. ^ a b "Ve Sonuç". Hürriyet. Retrieved 11 October 2007.
  6. ^ "Timeline Turkey 1962-2008". Archived from the original on 23 December 2010. Retrieved 24 May 2011.
  7. ^ "Irak'a yapılan en büyük kara harekatı". Archived from the original on 14 January 2015.
  8. ^ "Council Decision", Council of the European Union, December 21, 2005
  9. ^ "Kurdish rebels kill Turkey troops". BBC News. 8 April 2007. Retrieved 11 May 2010.
  10. ^ Yousif Ismael (18 May 2020). "Turkey's Growing Military Presence in the Kurdish Region of Iraq". Washington Institute. Retrieved 1 October 2022.
  11. ^ Hermann, Rainer. "Operation im Nordirak: Bagdad erzürnt über türkische Offensive gegen die PKK". Frankfurter Allgemeine Zeitung (in German). ISSN 0174-4909. Retrieved 19 April 2022.
  12. ^ "Iraq's president says Turkey's offensive into KRG 'a threat to our national security'". Bianet. 19 April 2022.
  13. ^ "Twenty-five killed in clashes between Turkish soldiers, PKK - Monster…". Archived from the original on 4 September 2012.
  14. ^ "38 killed in PKK attack on Turkish border posts - Thaindian News". Archived from the original on 14 August 2018. Retrieved 5 February 2011.
  15. ^ "Armed Conflicts Report - Turkey". Archived from the original on 7 February 2011. Retrieved 15 April 2011.
  16. ^ 2 killed (30 May 2019),[1] 1 killed (19 July 2019 per turkey),[2] 3 killed (25 Aug. 2019),[3] 2 killed (23 Sep. 2019),[4] 1 died (28 Oct. 2019),[5] 1 killed (2 Dec. 2019),[6] 2 killed (2 Jan. 2020),[7] 2 killed (14 Jan. 2020),[8] 2 killed (25 March 2020),[9] 1 killed (15 April 2020),[10] total of 17 reported killed
  17. ^ "New phase begins in Turkey's northern Iraq operation". www.aa.com.tr. Retrieved 29 May 2023.
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