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List of Spanish flu cases

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The 1918–1920 flu pandemic is commonly referred to as the Spanish flu, and caused millions of deaths worldwide.

To maintain morale, wartime censors minimized early reports of illness and mortality in Germany, the United Kingdom, France, and the United States.[1][2] Papers were free to report the epidemic's effects in neutral Restoration-era Spain (such as the grave illness of King Alfonso XIII).[3] This created a false impression of Spain as especially hard hit,[4] thereby giving rise to the pandemic's nickname, "Spanish flu".[5]

Notable fatalities

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Listed alphabetically by surname

In utero effects

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Children of women who were pregnant during the pandemic ran the risk of lifelong effects. One in three of the more than 25 million who contracted the flu in the United States was a woman of childbearing age. A study of US census data from 1960 to 1980 found that the children born to this group of women had more physical ailments and a lower lifetime income than those born a few months earlier or later.[48] The study also found that persons born in states with more severe exposure to the pandemic experienced worse outcomes than persons born in states with less severe exposure.[49] A notable example was Rosemary Kennedy, sister of 35th U.S. President John F. Kennedy, who was born during the pandemic on September 23, 1918, and suffered from intellectual disability, resulting in her institutionalization.[citation needed]

Notable survivors

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Valentine, Vikki (20 February 2006). "Origins of the 1918 Pandemic: The Case for France". NPR. Archived from the original on 26 January 2012. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
  2. ^ Anderson, Susan (29 August 2006). "Analysis of Spanish flu cases in 1918–1920 suggests transfusions might help in bird flu pandemic". American College of Physicians. Archived from the original on 25 November 2011. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
  3. ^ Porras-Gallo M, Davis RA, eds. (2014). "The Spanish Influenza Pandemic of 1918–1919: Perspectives from the Iberian Peninsula and the Americas". Rochester Studies in Medical History. Vol. 30. University of Rochester Press. ISBN 978-1-58046-496-3.
  4. ^ a b Barry JM (2004). The Great Influenza: The Epic Story of the Greatest Plague in History. Viking Penguin. ISBN 978-0-670-89473-4.
  5. ^ Galvin J (31 July 2007). "Spanish Flu Pandemic: 1918". Popular Mechanics. Archived from the original on 20 September 2011. Retrieved 2 October 2011.
  6. ^ Henderson, Simon (1994). "After King Fahd" (Policy Paper). Washington Institute. Archived (PDF) from the original on 17 May 2013. Retrieved 20 March 2020. (Page 16)
  7. ^ Aitken - Hall of Fame Inductees Archived 2020-03-20 at the Wayback Machine Indianapolis Motor Speedway Museum
  8. ^ Historical Motorsports Stories: Johnny Aitken: Indy 500 Pioneer - Pandemic Victim Racing-Reference
  9. ^ Frank D. McCann (2004). Soldiers of the Pátria: a history of the Brazilian Army, 1889–1937. Stanford University Press. ISBN 978-0-8047-3222-2. Archived from the original on 2014-06-27. Retrieved 2016-09-24.
  10. ^ Times (London) - 18 November 1918 - DEATH OF SIR ROBERT ANDERSON. Archived 5 November 2019 at the Wayback Machine Casebook: Jack the Ripper
  11. ^ Poets: Guillaume Apollinaire Archived 2019-04-30 at the Wayback Machine Poetry Foundation
  12. ^ John Baxter (10 February 2009). Carnal Knowledge: Baxter's Concise Encyclopedia of Modern Sex. HarperCollins. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-06-087434-6. Retrieved 24 December 2011.
  13. ^ Felix Arndt Archived 2020-03-21 at the Wayback Machine Library of Congress
  14. ^ Bio: Felix Arndt Archived 2013-07-24 at the Wayback Machine The Unconservatory
  15. ^ Hathaway, Sibyl (1962). Dame of Sark: An Autobiography (2nd ed.). New York: Coward-McCann, Inc. p. 59. Archived from the original on 2016-04-04. Retrieved 2016-08-17.
  16. ^ Duncan K (2003). Hunting the 1918 flu: one scientist's search for a killer virus (illustrated ed.). University of Toronto Press. ISBN 978-0-8020-8748-5.
  17. ^ a b c d e dMAC Health Digest Archived 2011-07-10 at the Wayback Machine.
  18. ^ Historical Dictionary of Slovenia (Third edition - 2018) by Leopoldina Plut-Pregelj, Gregor Kranjc, Žarko Lazarević, Carole Rogel - Page 67
  19. ^ Lamb, Hugh. "Introduction", to Capes, Bernard. The Black Reaper. Ashcroft, B.C. : Ash-Tree Press 1998. ISBN 9781899562527, pg. xvii.
  20. ^ Kate Carmack - Shaaw Tlaa Archived 2020-03-20 at the Wayback Machine National Postal Museum
  21. ^ Biography - SHAAW TLÁA - Volume XIV (1911-1920) Archived 2019-10-22 at the Wayback Machine Dictionary of Canadian Biography
  22. ^ a b c 1918 FLU PANDEMIC DID NOT SPARE BASEBALL Archived 2020-03-21 at the Wayback Machine National Baseball Hall of Fame
  23. ^ a b Early Exits: The Premature Endings of Baseball Careers By Brian McKenna (Page 85)
  24. ^ New Book Chronicles First Lady Rose Cleveland's Love Affair With Evangeline Simpson Whipple Archived 2020-04-12 at the Wayback Machine Smithsonian Magazine
  25. ^ Rose Elizabeth Cleveland: First Lady and Literary Scholar by Sirpa Salenius
  26. ^ Liberty, Margot, ed. (July 15, 2002). American Indian Intellectuals of the Nineteenth and Early Twentieth Centuries (Red River books ed.). University of Oklahoma Press. pp. 199–222. ISBN 978-0806133720., page 210
  27. ^ Bulletin of the New York State Museum, 1920. Section: "Death of Chief Edward Cornplanter Archived 2018-02-13 at the Wayback Machine," pages 104 and 105.
  28. ^ Gaby Deslys (1881-1920) Stage Beauty
  29. ^ "GABY DESLYS DIES AFTER OPERATION". The New York Times. 12 February 1920. p. 11. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
  30. ^ An American waged germ warfare against U.S. in WWI Archived 2020-02-25 at the Wayback Machine SFGate
  31. ^ "HORACE E. DODGE DIES IN FLORIDA". The New York Times. 11 December 1920. p. 12. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
  32. ^ "JOHN P. DODGE DIES AT RITZ-CARLTON". The New York Times. 15 January 1920. p. 11. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
  33. ^ a b "Influenza 1918 - Among the Victims". American Experience, PBS. Archived from the original on 2009-04-18. Retrieved 2009-04-27.
  34. ^ "Harry Glenn". Baseball's Greatest Sacrifice. Archived from the original on 2019-11-01. Retrieved 2020-03-21.
  35. ^ "HARRY S. HARKNESS DIES OF INFLUENZA". The New York Times. 24 January 1919. p. 11. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
  36. ^ "SHELLEY HULL DEAD". The New York Times. 15 January 1919. p. 11. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
  37. ^ "Julian L'Estrange". Shakespeare & the Players. Archived from the original on 2016-04-24. Retrieved 2016-04-24.
  38. ^ Pettit, Dorothy A. (2008). A Cruel Wind: Pandemic Flu in America 1918-1920. Timberlane Books. ISBN 978-0971542815.
  39. ^ "GEORGE W. PERKINS DIES IN 58TH YEAR". The New York Times. 19 June 1920. p. 13. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
  40. ^ "Lunsford Richardson, Inventor of VapoRub and Junk Mail". North Carolina Department of Natural and Cultural Resources. 30 December 2014. Retrieved 11 May 2020.
  41. ^ Frank Whitford, Expressionist Portraits, Abbeville Press, 1987, p. 46. ISBN 0-89659-780-6
  42. ^ Eustis, Nelson (1997). The King of Tonga: A Biography. Adelaide: Hobby Investment. p. 64. ISBN 978-0-646-33077-8. OCLC 38837175.
  43. ^ "Trump's grandfather was killed by the flu, but president didn't know people died' from it - the Washington Post". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on 2020-04-02. Retrieved 2020-03-29.
  44. ^ Blair, Gwenda (2000). The Trumps: Three Generations That Built an Empire. Simon and Schuster. p. 116. ISBN 978-0-7432-1079-9.
  45. ^ Kim, Sung Ho (2020), "Max Weber", in Zalta, Edward N. (ed.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Winter 2020 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, retrieved 2021-05-06
  46. ^ Remembering the Royals: The pride of Brooklyn's African-American baseball community Archived 2020-03-21 at the Wayback Machine Brooklyn Daily Eagle
  47. ^ Specks Webster Archived 2019-11-01 at the Wayback Machine Baseball's Greatest Sacrifice
  48. ^ Steven D. Levitt; Stephen J. Dubner (2009). Superfreakonomics: global cooling, patriotic prostitutes, and why suicide bombers should buy life insurance. William Morrow. pp. 59, 230. ISBN 978-0-06-088957-9. citing "Is the 1918 Influenza Pandemic Over? Long-Term Effects of In Utero Influenza Exposure in the Post-1940 U.S Population," Journal of Political Economy 114 no. 4 (2006); and Douglas Almond and Bhashkar Mazumder, "The 1918 Influenza Pandemic and Subsequent Health Outcomes: An Analysis of SIPP Data," Recent Developments in Health Economics 95 no. 2 (May 2005)
  49. ^ Andrew Fenton Cooper; John J. Kirton (2009). Innovation in Global Health Governance: Critical Cases. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 139. ISBN 978-0-7546-4872-7. {{cite book}}: |work= ignored (help)
  50. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Collier R (1974). The Plague of the Spanish Lady – The Influenza Pandemic of 1918–19. Atheneum. ISBN 978-0-689-10592-0.
  51. ^ Gawrych, George W. (2013). The young Atatürk: from Ottoman soldier to statesman of Turkey. London: I.B. Tauris. ISBN 978-1-78076-322-4. OCLC 839527835.
  52. ^ Mango, Andrew; Doruker, Füsun (1999). Atatürk. İstanbul: Sabah. ISBN 975-579-085-3. OCLC 64391065.
  53. ^ Sholem, Gershom. Walter Benjamin: The Story of a Friendship. Trans. The Jewish Publication Society of America. London: Faber & Faber, 1982. 76.
  54. ^ The clews from Raymond Chandler's war Archived 2018-03-20 at the Wayback Machine, By Kim Cooper, July 23, 2017, Kim Cooper's "The Kept Girl"
  55. ^ "BOTH DEPOSED KAISERS ARE SERIOUSLY ILL". The New York Times. 20 December 1918. p. 2. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
  56. ^ Lovell, Mary S. (1989). The Sound of Wings: The Life of Amelia Earhart. St. Martin's Press. p. 27. ISBN 978-1-4668-6648-5.
  57. ^ "How the Spanish flu changed the course of Indian history". gulfnews.com. 15 March 2020. Retrieved 2020-10-13.
  58. ^ Lillian Gish: The Movies, Mr. Griffith, and Me, ISBN 0-13-536649-6.
  59. ^ Harold Marcus, Haile Sellassie I: The formative years, 1892–1936 (Trenton: Red Sea Press, 1996), pp. 36f; Pankhurst 1990, p. 48f.
  60. ^ "LORD READING HERE FOR A SHORT STAY". The New York Times. 1 March 1919. p. 11. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
  61. ^ "Jim and Marian Jordan's Contributions to Radio". www.lib.niu.edu. Archived from the original on August 10, 2011. Retrieved January 15, 2015.
  62. ^ The Impossibility of Being Kafka Archived 2016-03-04 at the Wayback Machine, December 24, 2008, Jewish News From Austria
  63. ^ Munch Museum, "A timeline of Munch's life".Munch Museum Archived 2009-06-27 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed 2009-05-24. Archived 2009-05-27.
  64. ^ "ALFRED NOYES VERY ILL". The New York Times. 6 February 1919. p. 11. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
  65. ^ Roxana Robinson, Georgia O'Keeffe: A Life. University Press of New England, 1989. p. 193. ISBN 0-87451-906-3
  66. ^ "Senator Penrose Ill in Philadelphia Home; Collapse and Grip Follow Treaty Contest". The New York Times. 30 November 1919. p. 1. Retrieved 15 June 2022.
  67. ^ Allen, Charles; Dwivedi, Sharada (1984). Lives of the Indian Princes. Great Britain: Century Publishing Co. p. 301. ISBN 0517556898.
  68. ^ Spinney, Laura (1 June 2017). Pale Rider: The Spanish Flu of 1918 and How it Changed the World. Random House. p. 42. ISBN 978-1-4735-2392-0.
  69. ^ Richard Rhodes, The Making of the Atomic Bomb, ISBN 0-684-81378-5.
  70. ^ Harss, Marina (2019-10-09). "Dancing to Robert Walser". The New Yorker. Retrieved 2021-05-06.
  71. ^ North, Sterling (1990). Rascal: A Memoir of a Better Era. Penguin Group. p. 145. ISBN 0-14-034445-4.
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