Jump to content

North American Soccer League on television

Edit links
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

North American Soccer League (NASL) was a professional soccer league with teams in the United States and Canada that operated from 1968 to 1984. Beginning in 1975, the league final was called the Soccer Bowl.

North American Soccer League Progression
Season Teams Games Attendance Network TV
(Games)
1968 17 32 4,699 CBS
1969 5 16 2,930 None
1970 6 24 3,163
1971 8 4,154
1972 14 4,780
1973 9 19 5,954
1974 15 20 7,770 CBS (1)
1975 20 22 7,642 CBS (2)
1976 10,295 CBS (2)
1977 18 26 13,558 TVS (7)
1978 24 30 13,084 TVS (6)
1979 14,201 ABC (9)
1980 32 14,440 ABC (8)
1981 21 14,084 ABC (1)
1982 14 13,155 None
1983 12 30 13,258
1984 9 24 10,759
TV column includes only network TV.
It does not include cable (ESPN,[1] USA)
or pay-per-view (SportsVision[2][3]).

CBS (1967–1976)

[edit]
See also: Soccer on CBS Sports

National Professional Soccer League (1967)

[edit]

In 1967, two professional soccer leagues started in the United States: the FIFA-sanctioned United Soccer Association, which consisted of entire European and South American teams brought to the U.S. and given local names, and the unsanctioned National Professional Soccer League. The National Professional Soccer League had a national television contract in the U.S. with the CBS television network (which signed a two-year contract to broadcast a game every Sunday afternoon live and in color). The NPSL kicked off on Sunday, April 16 with a full slate of five matches. However, the ratings for matches were unacceptable even by weekend daytime standards and the arrangement was terminated. Bill MacPhail, head of CBS Sports, attributed NASL's lack of TV appeal to empty stadiums with few fans, and to undistinguished foreign players who were unfamiliar to American soccer fans.[4]

Play-by-play voice Jack Whitaker was joined by the former Northern Ireland international Danny Blanchflower as a pundit. Blanchflower was not impressed with the standard of play and did not hesitate to say so.[5]

The leagues merged in 1968 to form the North American Soccer League (NASL). It has been suggested that the timing of the merge was related to the huge amount of attention given throughout the English-speaking world to the victory by England in the 1966 FIFA World Cup and the resulting documentary film, Goal. While the USSF and FIFA refused to recognize the NPSL, the television contract with CBS[6] guaranteed some element of financial stability.

Controversy

[edit]

Toronto Croatia played in the National Soccer League until 1975 when they purchased the Toronto Metros of the North American Soccer League to form Toronto Metros-Croatia. During this period the team attracted many soccer stars, such as Portuguese superstar Eusébio, and were successful enough that they won Soccer Bowl '76 – a 3–0 win over the Minnesota Kicks – at the Kingdome in Seattle. The championship team was coached by Marijan Bilić, an immigrant to Canada who had played for Dinamo Zagreb. The champions' team was: Paolo Cimpiel, Ted Polak, Željko Bilecki, Ivan Lukačević, Robert Iarusci, Eusébio, Mladen Cukon, Carmine Marcantonio, Ivair Ferreira, Wolfgang Suhnholz, Damir Sutevski, Ivan Grnja, Filip Blašković and Chris Horrocks.[7]

However, the NASL was never comfortable with the Croatia link (an obvious ethnic connection). League executives lobbied CBS to ensure they were only referred to as Toronto at the Soccer Bowl on television.

The Pelé effect

[edit]

It was during the 1975 season that the New York Cosmos acquired the Brazilian star Pelé, whom they had been attempting to sign since the team was created. Steve Ross had apparently not heard of him before getting involved in soccer, but agreed to finance the transfer when Clive Toye[8] compared the Brazilian's popularity to that of the Pope. Pelé joined the Cosmos on June 10, 1975 on a salary of $1.4 million per year, an enormous wage for an athlete at that time. A number of contracts—only one of which mentioned soccer—were set up for Pelé to ensure that he paid the lowest amount of tax possible, including one as a "recording artist" with Warner subsidiary Atlantic Records. "We owned him lock, stock and barrel," Toye retrospectively boasted.

Pelé's arrival created a media sensation and overnight transformed the fortunes of soccer in the United States. The Pelé deal was later described by Gavin Newsham, an English writer, as "the transfer coup of the century".[9] His arrival turned the Cosmos from a motley crew of foreigners, semiprofessionals and students into a huge commercial presence. The club's groundsman, on hearing that the Brazilian's début for New York was to be broadcast on CBS, spray-painted the pitch green to disguise how little grass was on it: the match, against the Dallas Tornado, was broadcast to 22 countries and covered by more than 300 journalists from all over the world.[9] From the moment he signed his contract at the 21 Club on June 10, 1975 in front of ecstatic Steve Ross and a crush of worldwide media, the player's every move was followed, bringing attention and credibility to the sport in America. As previously mentioned, his debut NASL match five days later versus the Dallas Tornado at the dilapidated Downing Stadium on Randall's Island was broadcast live on CBS network—the first regular-season NASL match on U.S. network TV in six years.

It was the Cosmos' tenth match of the season and led by the Brazilian, who recorded an assist and a goal; New York came back from two goals down for the 2–2 final score. The contest was also Pelé's first competitive match in eight months since his last outing with Santos FC in October 1974. He would eventually end up with five goals in his debut season during which his biggest challenge became figuring out how to fit into this team of journeymen players with abilities far inferior to his. Still his biggest impact was on the sport in New York and the rest of America as Cosmos' home attendance got tripled in just half the season he was there. They also played in front of huge crowds on the road since everyone wanted to see Pelé - toward the end of the season when he pulled a hamstring and couldn't suit up, 20,000 fans in Philadelphia showed up just to see him in street clothes. Furthermore, the league's profile got raised as other NASL teams - encouraged by Ross' investment in Pelé and the prominence his arrival brought to the Cosmos franchise - started bringing over more big-name aging foreign stars such as George Best who was about to turn 30, 31-year-old Rodney Marsh, 34-year-old Geoff Hurst, and 35-year-old Bobby Moore.

Commentators

[edit]
  • Paul Gardner - Gardner was the color commentator for the first-ever live telecast in the United States of a World Cup final, in 1982 on ABC. He also served as ABC color commentator with Jim McKay for NASL games in 1979-81. He also did commentary for NBC (1986 World Cup), CBS (NASL) and ESPN (college), and has been a film producer and was the scriptwriter and soccer adviser for the award-winning instructional series Pele: The Master and His Method in 1973.[10][11]
  • Frank Glieber - In 1963, Glieber began a long career with CBS television. Over the next two decades he would broadcast a variety of events for the network including NFL football, NBA and NCAA basketball, professional bowling, tennis, NASL soccer, and golf (including the Masters Tournament each spring). Glieber continued to broadcast local Dallas area sports events during his time at CBS, working as many as sixteen hours a day.
  • Seamus Malin - He also worked with the NASL's Boston Minutemen and New York Cosmos. He also called World Cup matches for NBC, ABC, and Turner Network Television, plus matches on CBS when the network had NASL rights.
  • Jon Miller - His first network exposure came in 1976, when he was selected by CBS-TV to broadcast the NASL Championship Game. From 1974–1976, Miller did play-by-play for the Washington Diplomats of the NASL. He also announced the Soccer Game of the Week for nationally syndicated TVS from 1977–1978.

TVS Television Network and Mizlou Television Network (1977–1978)

[edit]

Soccer Bowl '78[12] was broadcast live in the United States on the TVS network. Jon Miller handled play-by-play duties, while Paul Gardner was the color analyst.[13] This would be the final NASL game broadcast by the network, as the league signed a deal with ABC Sports in the fall of 1978.[14] Gardner would continue as the color analyst for ABC's coverage, while Miller would move on to a long career announcing Major League Baseball.

Mizlou produced the first "live" coast-to-coast satellite feed, of a New York Cosmos soccer game, from San Jose, California to WOR-TV in New York in the late 1970s.

ABC (1979–1981)

[edit]

In 1979, ABC Sports began covering the NASL in a deal that called for 9 telecasts of league games, including the playoffs and Soccer Bowl. In 1979, the team from the "Village of Vancouver", the Whitecaps (a reference to ABC TV sportscaster Jim McKay's observation that "Vancouver must be like the deserted village right now", with so many people watching the game on TV) beat the powerhouse New York Cosmos in one of the most thrilling playoff series in NASL history to advance to the Soccer Bowl. In the Soccer Bowl,[15] they triumphed against the Tampa Bay Rowdies in a disappointed New York City.

Decline

[edit]

On October 1, 1977, Pelé closed out his legendary career in an exhibition match between the Cosmos and Santos. Santos arrived in New York and New Jersey after previously defeating the Seattle Sounders 2–0. The match was played in front of a capacity crowd at Giants Stadium and was televised in the United States on ABC's Wide World of Sports[16][17] as well as throughout the world. After the retirement of Pelé in 1977, much of the progress that American soccer had made during his stay was lost; there was no star at the same level to replace him as the NASL's headline act. After enduring briefly during the late 1970s, attendances dropped after 1980. The sport's popularity fell and the media lost interest. The deal with broadcaster ABC to broadcast NASL matches was also lost in 1980, and the 1981 Soccer Bowl[18][19] was only shown on tape delay. All of the franchises quickly became unprofitable, and a salary cap enforced before the 1984 season only delayed the inevitable.

Commentators

[edit]

ESPN and USA Network (1981–1984)

[edit]
See also: Soccer on ESPN

In the last few years of its existence, the NASL did manage to get some games on a new cable sports network that had begun in 1979 called ESPN. In 1981, they signed a contract to broadcast 20 games on Saturdays. The new USA Network also carried games, usually on Wednesday[21] nights.

Major Indoor Soccer League

[edit]

The 1982–83 Major Indoor Soccer League season was the fifth in league history and would end with the San Diego Sockers winning their first MISL title. It would be the Sockers' second straight indoor championship, as the club had won the North American Soccer League's indoor league the previous spring.

The league would enter into an agreement with the NASL in the summer of 1982 to begin plans for an eventual merger.[22] Initial plans to have all 14 NASL teams play in the winter would not come to pass, as most teams preferred to concentrate on the outdoor season. However, the Chicago Sting and Golden Bay Earthquakes would join the Sockers for the MISL season.

The MISL continued to make inroads on national television. While the spring would see the end of the league's two-year deal with the USA Network, CBS would broadcast a playoff game live from Cleveland on May 7 that drew an estimated four million viewers.

With the NASL near death in the summer of 1984, a handful of teams made plans to switch from outdoor to indoor soccer once the NASL season ended in October.[23] Along with the Sockers, the Chicago Sting, Minnesota Strikers and New York Cosmos formally made the leap in late August.[24] With the addition of the Dallas Sidekicks, the league went back to a 14-team, two-division setup.

This would be the final year the MISL would have games aired on network television, CBS broadcast Game 4 of the championship series live on May 25.[25]

Commentators (USA Network)

[edit]

Local stations

[edit]

WTTW in Chicago carried at least one Sting soccer game (against New York and Pelé, at Giants Stadium) in the early days of that franchise.

WTOG in St. Petersburg, FL aired numerous Tampa Bay Rowdies road games in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Additionally, many of the Rowdies home and away indoor matches were also broadcast.[26][27][28][29][30]

See also: Minnesota_Kicks § Media_coverage

List of broadcasters

[edit]
Team Television station Television announcers
Atlanta Chiefs (1979) WTBS[31] Bob Neal[32] and Terry Hanson
Boston Minutemen Roger Twibell and Seamus Malin
California Surf KHJ-TV[33] Gil Stratton and Dick Calvert
Calgary Boomers Ed Whalen
Chicago Sting SportsVision[34]
WGN-TV
WTTW 		Roy Leonard,[35] Howard Balson,[36][37] and Ken Stern[38]
Cleveland Stokers WEWS-TV Paul Wilcox
Dallas Tornado WFAA[39] Verne Lundquist[40] and Brad Sham[41]
Detroit Express WKBD-TV[42] Jim Forney and Jimmy Hill
Edmonton Drillers CFRN-DT[43] Al McCann, Brian Rice, Randy Hahn,[44] and Vic Rauter
Fort Lauderdale Strikers WCIX Roger Twibell
Houston Hurricane KHTV Mario Machado and Hans von Mende
Jacksonville Tea Men WJXT Frank Timoney and Arthur Smith
Los Angeles Aztecs KNXT
ONTV 		Gil Stratton[45] and Norm Jackson
Tom Kelly[46] and Dan Avey
Los Angeles Wolves KTLA Chick Hearn[47][48]
Minnesota Kicks KSTP-TV
WCCO-TV 		Bob Bruce, Rod Trongard, and Trevor Iseman
Minnesota Strikers KITN-TV Frank Mazzocco
Montreal Manic TVA Claudine Douville, Pierre Donais, Francis Millien, and Michel Champagne
New England Tea Men WSBK-TV/WLVI
WVIT
WPRI-TV 		Bill Alex, Steve Glendye, and Scott Wahle
New York Cosmos WNET
WOR-TV[49][50]
HBO
Trans World International 		Crane Davis and Kyle Rote Jr.
Jim Karvellas,[51][52] Howard David, Seamus Malin,[53] Lee Arthur, and Werner Roth
Jim Karvellas, Steve Albert, Dick Stockton, Spencer Ross, Tom Kelly and Clive Toye
Tom Kelly and Clive Toye
Oakland Stompers KRON-TV Art Eckman[54] and Jack Hyde
Philadelphia Atoms Gene Hart[55] and Walter Chyzowych
Philadelphia Fury WPHL-TV[56] Al Meltzer[57] and Walter Chyzowych
Rochester Lancers WOKR-TV Jack Palvino, Ron DeFrance,[58] Chuck Schiano, and Tom Pipines
San Diego Sockers KUSI-TV[59] Randy Hahn[60] and Alan Mayer
San Jose Earthquakes Gill Cable[61]
KICU-TV 		Bob Ray,[62] Hal Ramey,[63] Dave Chaplik, Jon Miller,[64] and Pat Hughes
Seattle Sounders KCTS-TV Bob Robertson,[65][66] Steve Fimmel, Cliff McCrath, Simon Ostler, and Keith Dysart
St. Louis Stars Dan Kelly
Tampa Bay Rowdies WTOG Bob Wolff[67] and Tom Keene
Team America WATV-LD Bob Carpenter,[68] Gordon Bradley, and Mike Lange
Toronto Metros-Croatia/Blizzard Global Mike Anscombe, Bruce Buchanan, Bob Irving, Shep Messing, Fergie Olver, and Jim Tatti
Tulsa Roughnecks KTUL Chris Lincoln,[69] Bob Carpenter,[70][71] Gordon Bradley, and Al Miller
Vancouver Whitecaps BCTV Bernie Pascall
Washington Diplomats WDCA Jon Miller, Don Earle,[72] and Terry Hanson
Washington Diplomats (1981) WTTG Jim Forney and Jimmy Hill

Soccer Bowl coverage

[edit]

The following is a list of the television networks and announcers that have broadcast the Soccer Bowl, which was the annual championship competition of the North American Soccer League.

1980s

[edit]
Year Network Play-by-play Color commentator(s) Touchline reporter
1984 Sportsvision
TSN 		Howard Balson Ken Stern
1983 USA
CTV 		Bob Carpenter Gordon Bradley[73] Al Miller
1982 USA[74]
CTV 		Spencer Ross[75] Werner Roth[76]
1981 ABC[77]
CTV 		Verne Lundquist Paul Gardner
1980[78] ABC[79]
CTV 		Jim McKay Paul Gardner Verne Lundquist

Notes

[edit]
  • 1984 - Sportsvision televised the series in the Chicago area; this coverage was simulcast on the then-new TSN (which had started up a month earlier) cable channel in Canada.

1970s

[edit]
Year Network Play-by-play Color commentator(s) Touchline reporter
1979 ABC
CTV 		Jim McKay[82][83] Paul Gardner[84] Verne Lundquist[85]
1978 TVS Jon Miller Paul Gardner[86]
1977 TVS[87] Jon Miller[88] Paul Gardner Walter Chyzowych[89]
1976 CBS
CBC 		Jon Miller[90][91][92]
1975 CBS[93] Frank Glieber Jack Whitaker[94]
1974 CBS[95][96] Frank Glieber Clive Toye and Kyle Rote Jr.
1973 Not televised
1972 Not televised
1971 Not televised
1970 Not televised

Notes

[edit]
  • 1978 - This would be the final NASL game broadcast TVS, as the league signed a deal with ABC Sports in the fall of 1978.[97] Gardner would continue as the color analyst for ABC's coverage, while Miller would move on to a long career announcing Major League Baseball.
  • In 1964, Paul Gardner left the medical magazine and spent two years in Italy before returning to New York, where he discovered a sudden American interest in pro soccer. The United Soccer Association and the National Professional Soccer League – which eventually merged into the NASL – launched in 1967. The emergence of American pro soccer in the late 1960s coincided with Gardner’s start as a full-time free-lance journalist and he has since covered soccer for publications on both sides of the Atlantic. Gardner was the color commentator for the first-ever live telecast in the United States of a World Cup final, in 1982 on ABC. He also served as ABC color commentator with legendary Jim McKay of NASL games in 1979-81. He also did commentary for NBC (1986 World Cup), CBS (NASL) and ESPN (college), and has been a film producer and was the scriptwriter and soccer adviser for the award-winning instructional series Pele: The Master and His Method in 1973.[100][101]
  • Jon Miller's first network exposure came in 1976, when he was selected by CBS-TV to broadcast the NASL Championship Game. From 1974 to 1976, Miller did play-by-play for the Washington Diplomats of the NASL. He also announced the Soccer Game of the Week for nationally syndicated TVS from 1977 to 1978.[102]
  • 1974 - Although the Aztecs had a league-best record and points total, and rightly should have hosted the championship final, CBS intervened and strongly influenced the NASL's decision to play the match in Miami. CBS was under contract to air the game live and was unwilling to black-out the large Southern California viewing audience. At the time it was the standard in many U.S.-based sports for the host market not to broadcast games locally unless they were sold out. At the time, the Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum had a capacity of 94,500 and, even in a best-case scenario, an Aztecs sell-out was unlikely. Moreover, in an effort by CBS to capture more viewers during the peak East Coast time slot, a Los Angeles-hosted game would have begun at 12:30 (PDT) local time. The league recognized that both these factors would be detrimental to ticket sales and agreed to move the game to the Miami Orange Bowl with a 3:30 (EDT) local start. CBS had also stepped in the previous week and forced the Toros to play their semifinal match at the much-smaller Tamiami Stadium in Tamiami Park. This was done so that if Miami did win, CBS's production crews would have a full week for set-up in the Orange Bowl stadium.[103]

1960s

[edit]
Year Network Play-by-play Color commentator(s) Touchline reporter
1969 With only five teams in the league, no championship event was held that year. In a close finish, the NASL trophy was awarded to the Kansas City Spurs, the team with the most points at the end of the season. The season was completed on August 31, 1969.[105][106]
1968 CBS Mario Machado[107] Clive Toye
1967 CBS Jack Whitaker Danny Blanchflower[108]

Notes

[edit]
  • In 1966, a group of sports entrepreneurs led by Bill Cox and Robert Hermann formed a consortium called the North American Professional Soccer League with the intention of forming a professional soccer league in United States and Canada. However this was just one of three groups with similar plans. The NAPSL eventually merged with one of these groups, the National Soccer League, led by Richard Millen, to form the National Professional Soccer League. A third group, the United Soccer Association was sanctioned by both the USSFA and FIFA. Because of this the NPSL was branded an outlaw league by FIFA and players faced sanctions for signing with it. Despite this the NPSL, which secured a TV contract from CBS, set about recruiting players, and announced it would be ready to launch in 1967. In December 1967, the NPSL merged with the United Soccer Association to form the North American Soccer League. It has been suggested that the timing of the merge was related to the huge amount of attention given throughout the English-speaking world to the victory by England in the 1966 FIFA World Cup and the resulting documentary film, Goal. While the USSF and FIFA refused to recognize the NPSL, the television contract with CBS[112] guaranteed some element of financial stability.

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ 1981-08-04 ESPN WEEKLY (NASL) on YouTube
  2. ^ NASL: Soccer Bowl '84 on YouTube
  3. ^ 1984-10-03 Soccer Bowl Chicago Sting vs Toronto Blizzard Game 2 Postgame on YouTube
  4. ^ Sports Illustrated, Soccer Is Getting A Toehold, August 30, 1976, [1]
  5. ^ Maule, Tex. "Kickoff For A Babel Of Booters," Sports Illustrated, April 24, 1967.
  6. ^ 1968 CBS North American Soccer League PROMO (NASL) on YouTube
  7. ^ NASL 1976 Champions - Toronto Metros
  8. ^ 1984-10-01 NASL Soccer Bowl Game 1 Chicago Sting vs Toronto Blizzard Second Half on YouTube
  9. ^ a b Newsham, Gavin (June 10, 2005). "When Pele and Cosmos were kings". The Guardian. London: Guardian News & Media. Retrieved January 20, 2011.
  10. ^ http://www.worldcat.org/identities/lccn-n50-15259 [bare URL]
  11. ^ Sandomir, Richard (November 18, 2006). "Hefty Tribute Fit for a Sport's King". The New York Times.
  12. ^ 1978 08 27 Tampa Bay Rowdies vs New York Cosmos Soccer Bowl on YouTube
  13. ^ "NASL TV: A Short History". Kenn Tomasch. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  14. ^ Kleiman, Carol (May 9, 1979). "Banking on American dollars, ABC to televise NASL soccer games". Boca Raton News. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  15. ^ 1979-09-08 VANCOUVER WHITECAPS VS TAMPA BAY ROWDIES SOCCER BOWL on YouTube
  16. ^ Friendly Match 1977: Santos x Cosmos New York on YouTube
  17. ^ Tierney, Mike (September 3, 1977). "Commercials Necessary Evil In Nasl. - Page 25". St. Petersburg Times. Retrieved June 5, 2024.
  18. ^ 1981 Soccer Bowl - Chicago Sting - New York Cosmos (Highlights) on YouTube
  19. ^ 1981 09 26 CHICAGO STING VS NEW YORK COSMOS SOCCER BOWL PART 1 NASL on YouTube
  20. ^ ABC Sports Soccer Bowl 80 Halftime with Pele and Sylvester Stallone Escape to Victory on YouTube
  21. ^ 1982 08 18 Tulsa Roughnecks at New York Cosmos on YouTube
  22. ^ "NASL, indoor league announce merger". Vancouver Sun. August 11, 1982. p. C2. Retrieved January 27, 2012.
  23. ^ Miranda, Randy (August 10, 1984). "Four NASL squads will play in MISL". Lakeland Ledger. p. D1. Retrieved May 8, 2012.
  24. ^ "MISL takes four NASL teams". Boca Raton News. August 31, 1984. p. 2C. Retrieved May 8, 2012.
  25. ^ Sarni, Jim (May 25, 1985). "Blast For Soccer Fans: CBS Airs MISL Game". South Florida Sun-Sentinel. Archived from the original on July 16, 2012. Retrieved May 8, 2012.
  26. ^ Williams, James (January 9, 2015). "It Was Elton John Who Brought Rodney March To The US But It Was Tampa Bay That Won Him Over". sportstalkflorida.com.
  27. ^ thecelebratedmisterk (January 28, 2011). "NASL Indoor: Tampa Bay Rowdies at Ft. Lauderdale Strikers 11/27/1979" – via YouTube.
  28. ^ thecelebratedmisterk (December 19, 2010). "Indoor Soccer: Tampa Bay Rowdies vs. Zenit Leningrad 3/9/1977" – via YouTube.
  29. ^ Randy Scott (July 28, 2014). "RANDY SCOTT SPORTS (3) WTOG-TV TAMPA BAY" – via YouTube.
  30. ^ Randy Scott (March 19, 2015). "Randy Scott Sports (9) Tampa Bay Rowdies vs NY Cosmos 1985" – via YouTube.
  31. ^ "1979-1981 Atlanta Chiefs". Fun While It Lasted. May 12, 2013.
  32. ^ Longshore, Jason (July 13, 2015). "This Week in Atlanta Soccer History, July 13–19". Dirty South Soccer.
  33. ^ Oberjuerge, Paul (July 30, 1978). "San Bernardino Sun, 30 July 1978". The Sun-Telegram.
  34. ^ Zminda, Don (April 26, 2019). The Legendary Harry Caray: Baseball's Greatest Salesman. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 170. ISBN 9781538112953.
  35. ^ Rivera, Guillermo (June 27, 2011). "Have Your Say : This Day in 1981". Chicago Fire Confidential.
  36. ^ Conklin, Mike (June 30, 1985). "SUMMER WITHOUT SOCCER". Chicago Tribune.
  37. ^ Leptich, John (September 7, 1988). "CITY'S NEW SOCCER TEAM TO RELY ON OLD STING". Chicago Tribune.
  38. ^ Maurer, Pablo. "How the largest American soccer film archive came to live in a guestroom in Austin, Texas".
  39. ^ "Irving Daily News from Irving, Texas · Page 13". Irving Daily News. June 1, 1972.
  40. ^ "Doylestown Intelligencer Newspaper Archives May 05, 1979 Page 25". Doylestown Intelligencer. May 5, 1979.
  41. ^ "FC Dallas broadcaster Brad Sham named Texas Sportscaster of the Year". Major League Soccer. January 22, 2010.
  42. ^ O'Connor, Larry (July 12, 2019). "Four decades later, Detroit Express chugs along in professional soccer lore". The Detroit News.
  43. ^ "NASL 1980 Edmonton Drillers Pocket Soccer Schedule - CFRN Television". ebay.com.
  44. ^ "EPISODE #125: San Jose Sharks Broadcaster Randy Hahn". GOOD SEATS STILL AVAILABLE. August 11, 2019.
  45. ^ "KICK MAGAZINE MAY 22ND 1977". SportsHistoryCollectibles.com. May 22, 1977.
  46. ^ Leovy, Jill (June 27, 2016). "Tom Kelly dies at 88; broadcast USC football and basketball games for decades". Los Angeles Times.
  47. ^ Smith, Zach (May 11, 2016). "2016 Meet the Underdogs: UPSL's LA Wolves rose from ashes, set to make US Open Cup debut". TheCup.us.
  48. ^ Alexander, Jim (August 17, 2018). "Alexander: Dodgers front office is taking the heat for bullpen failures". The Press-Enterprise.
  49. ^ McMillan, Ken (March 31, 2017). "New York Cosmos TV, web schedule". HudsonValley.com.
  50. ^ Agovino, Michael J. (June 2014). The Soccer Diaries: An American's Thirty-Year Pursuit of the International Game. U of Nebraska Press. p. 22. ISBN 9780803240476.
  51. ^ "OBITUARY: Cosmos broadcaster Jim Karvellas". Soccer America. January 4, 2007.
  52. ^ Crossley, Drew (June 25, 2018). "1972-1973 Baltimore Bays". FUN WHILE IT LASTED.
  53. ^ "Seamus Malin - NASL50th!". NASL 50th Anniversary.
  54. ^ "ART ECKMAN". Edward R. Murrow College of Communication.
  55. ^ Farnsworth, Ed (August 23, 2013). "Champions! Atoms defeat Dallas Tornado 2-0 in NASL final". The Philly Soccer Page.
  56. ^ "1979 Tv ad PHILADELPHIA FURY WASHINGTON DIPLOMATS North American Soccer League". Pinterest.
  57. ^ Fitzpatrick, Frank (June 14, 2018). "Philadelphia sports broadcasting icon Al 'Big Al' Meltzer dies". The Philadelphia Inquirer.
  58. ^ Lewis, Michael (August 19, 2018). "GOODBYE, RON: DeFrance, Rochester TV announcer, dies". Front Row Soccer.
  59. ^ "1983 San Diego Sockers Soccer Schedule, NASL". eBay.
  60. ^ "SAN DIEGO SOCKERS 1982-83 MEDIA GUIDE". SportsHistoryCollectibles.com.
  61. ^ "Earthquakes history -- NASL style!, Part 2". Big Soccer. July 2, 2008.
  62. ^ "what happened to the NASL?". Big Soccer. November 27, 2005.
  63. ^ Ramey, Ted (March 3, 2017). "Ramey: San Jose Earthquakes had a troubled past and a bright future". KNBR.
  64. ^ Conley, Mark (March 25, 2010). "Momcilo 'Gabbo' Gavric, an original San Jose Earthquake, was a fighter until the end". The Mercury News.
  65. ^ Sounders, Frank M. (February 27, 2016). "Birth of a Seattle Broadcasting Legend". Sounder At Heart.
  66. ^ Sounders, Frank M. (February 6, 2016). "A First & Lasting Impression - Original Voice of Sounders Blazed a Broadcasting Path". Sounder At Heart.
  67. ^ Wolff, Bob (March 23, 2011). Bob Wolff's Complete Guide to Sportscasting: How to Make It in Sportscasting ... Skyhorse Publishing. p. 169. ISBN 9781616080815.
  68. ^ "EPISODE #99: Sports Broadcaster Bob Carpenter". GOOD SEATS STILL AVAILABLE. February 10, 2019.
  69. ^ "Chris Lincoln". Oklahoma Sportscene.
  70. ^ "099: Sports Broadcaster Bob Carpenter". Good Seats Still Available. February 11, 2019.
  71. ^ "2012 – BOB CARPENTER". Rotary Club of Tulsa.
  72. ^ "EPISODE #14: Radio Personality Terry Hanson's Formative Years In NASL Soccer". GOOD SEATS STILL AVAILABLE. June 9, 2017.
  73. ^ "Soccer Bowl 1983 Tulsa vs. Toronto". youtube.com. October 1, 1983. Archived from the original on December 21, 2021. Retrieved January 26, 2017.
  74. ^ 1982 New York Cosmos Soccer Bowl Press Kit (PDF). p. 2.
  75. ^ "Sports View, Soccer's Samuels Says Thrill As Tv Host ... - Page 14". The Telegraph. September 11, 1982. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  76. ^ "Soccer Bowl 1982 New York Cosmos Seattle Sounders". April 27, 2021.
  77. ^ "Sunday September 27 Day And Night. - Page 14". The Madison Courier. September 25, 1981.
  78. ^ "Soccer Bowl 80: Facts and Figures". The Washington Post. September 19, 1980. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  79. ^ "The Times-News - Page 20". The Times-News. September 19, 1980.
  80. ^ "The Year in American Soccer – 1980". Soccer History USA. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  81. ^ Yannis, Alex (September 25, 1981). "Soccer Bowl Notebook; Clubs Are Angered by Lack of Live TV". The New York Times. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  82. ^ Mackin, Bob (September 8, 2018). "Where were you on Saturday, September 8, 1979?". theBreaker.news. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  83. ^ "Vancouver Wild Over Whitecaps. - Page 27". Ottawa Citizen. September 10, 1979. Retrieved June 3, 2024.
  84. ^ 1979 Soccer Bowl '79 Media Guide (PDF). p. 2.
  85. ^ "St. Petersburg Times - Page 25". St. Petersburg Times. September 8, 1979. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  86. ^ "NASL TV: A Short History". Kenn Tomasch. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  87. ^ McDonald, Frank (August 28, 2017). "ONE GAME'S PROFOUND LEGACY". The Frank MacDonald Blog. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  88. ^ Sepich, Scott (December 10, 2021). "Before the 2021 MLS Cup hits Portland, a look back at Soccer Bowl ′77 at Civic Stadium". The Oregonian/OregonLive. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  89. ^ Farnsworth, Ed (January 21, 2010). "Great Philly soccer teams: Ukrainian Nationals". The Philly Soccer Page. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  90. ^ Miller, Hyman, Jon W., Mark (2000). Confessions of a Baseball Purist: What's Right, and Wrong, with Baseball, as ... JHU Press. p. 169. ISBN 9780801863165.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link)
  91. ^ Lalas, Greg (August 24, 2011). "Soccer Almanac: The explosion of soccer on TV". MLSsoccer.com.
  92. ^ "The Year in American Soccer – 1976". Soccer History USA. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  93. ^ Yannis, Alex (August 24, 1975). "N.A.S.L.'s Best to Meet in 'Soccer Bow1-75". The New York Times. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  94. ^ Martz, Ron (August 25, 1975). "TV coverage unfair to NASL". St. Petersburg Times. p. 1-C. Retrieved December 25, 2015.
  95. ^ "The Year in American Soccer – 1974". Soccer History USA. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  96. ^ "North American Soccer League Finals On Cbs. - Page 13". The Dispatch. August 23, 1974. Retrieved May 28, 2024.
  97. ^ Kleiman, Carol (May 9, 1979). "Banking on American dollars, ABC to televise NASL soccer games". Boca Raton News. Retrieved June 12, 2012.
  98. ^ "Philadelphia Atoms @ Dallas Tornado 1973 NASL Finals Highlights". December 25, 2012 – via www.youtube.com.
  99. ^ "NASL Soccer Bowl 77 (Cosmos vs. Sounders)" – via www.youtube.com.
  100. ^ "Sports illustrated soccer". WorldCat. Archived from the original on July 22, 2020.
  101. ^ Sandomir, Richard (November 18, 2006). "Hefty Tribute Fit for a Sport's King". The New York Times.
  102. ^ Hadley, Mitchell (June 23, 2011). "Jon Miller, then and now". It's About TV.
  103. ^ https://news.google.com/newspapers?nid=2206&dat=19740814&id=UDw0AAAAIBAJ&sjid=yesFAAAAIBAJ&pg=4148,1615343&hl=en [dead link]
  104. ^ "Archives". Los Angeles Times. May 2, 1985.
  105. ^ NASL. "NASLSoccerBowl - History - Past Winner". North American Soccer League.
  106. ^ NASL. "NASL 1968-1984 - Yearly Result". North American Soccer League. Archived from the original on October 12, 2013.
  107. ^ "MLS & NBC Sports have agreed on a 3-year deal". BigSoccer. August 11, 2011.
  108. ^ Maule, Tex. "Kickoff For A Babel Of Booters," Sports Illustrated, 24 April 1967.
  109. ^ North American Soccer League Championship, Leg 1 program, published September 1968
  110. ^ Maule, Tex. "Kickoff For A Babel Of Booters," Sports Illustrated, 24 April 1967.
  111. ^ Blanchflower, Danny. "Just One Truth For Me," Sports Illustrated, June 10, 1968. Archived April 16, 2009, at the Wayback Machine
  112. ^ 1968 CBS North American Soccer League PROMO (NASL) on YouTube
[edit]
Retrieved from "https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=North_American_Soccer_League_on_television&oldid=1246061912"