List of Polish campaigns in Pomerania
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The following is the list of Bolesław III Wrymouth's expeditions into the then Slavic Pagan Duchy of Pomerania during the early 12th century.
List of Polish campaigns
[edit]Expeditions of Bolesław III Wrymouth into the Duchy of Pomerania | |
---|---|
Date | Destination, notes |
fall of 1102 | Białogard[1] |
1103 | Białogard, Kołobrzeg (Kolberg)[1] |
1107 | Kołobrzeg[1] |
1108 | Noteć area (Czarnków, Usch, Nakło)[2] |
10 August 1109 | Battle of Nakło. Polish victory.[2] |
1113 | Nakło finally sacked by Boleslaw.[2] Nakło and Wissegrad[clarification needed] become Polish.[1] |
1112 to 1116 | Pomerelia. Polish victory.[3] |
1119-1121 | Oder area. Polish victory.[2][3] Stettin/Szczecin was captured in the winter of 1120/21 or 1121/22.[4] |
1121 | Bolesław III Wrymouth advanced from the lower Oder region deep into Lutician territory, reaching and devastating the Müritz region.[5] According to Maleczynski (1939), Boleslaw thereby "most likely took Demmin and Gützkow" and, with reference to the 1121 campaign of Lothair of Supplinburg, "German and Polish expansion met at Müritz lake and the upper Peene river, and probably in the vicinity of today's Stralsund."[6] Enders (1986) says that during the same campaign, Boleslaw destroyed the Ukrainian stronghold of Nadam, following a thesis that Nadam was located near today's Nieden.[7] Herrmann (1968) proposed that Boleslaw's campaign followed a fork of the Magdeburg-Malchow route which ran from Lake Müritz to Stettin/Szczecin, via Nieden.[8] |
Sometime between 1121-1130 | Joint Polish-Danish invasion of Rügen. The Rani accepted Polish suzerainty but Polish control didn't last.[9][disputed – discuss][need quotation to verify] |
1123 |
References
[edit]- ^ a b c d Heitz (1995), p.157
- ^ a b c d Heitz (1995), p.158
- ^ a b Piskorski (1999), p. 36
- ^ The primary source for this is Herbord II.5 (in MGH SS 12, p. 777), who reports that the capture took place in the winter ("hiemali tempore"), but not the exact date. The winter of 1120/21 is proposed e.g. by Gaethke, Hans-Otto: Kämpfe und Herrschaft Heinrichs von (Alt-) Lübeck und Lothars von Supplingenburg im Slawenland 1093/1106-1125, in: Zeitschrift des Vereins für Lübeckische Geschichte und Altertumskunde (ZVLGA), vol. 80 (2000), pp. 63-163, here p. 136: ""Vermutlich im Anschluß an die Eroberung Stettins;" Eggert, Oskar: Geschichte Pommerns, vol. 1, Hamburg 1974, p. 41; Brüske, Wolfgang: Untersuchungen zur Geschichte des Lutizenbundes... [Studies of the Lutician federation's history...] (Mitteldeutsche Forschungen, vol. 3), Münster/Cologne 1955, p. 94; Wächter, Joachim: Zur Geschichte der Besiedlung des mittleren Peeneraums, in Porada, Haik Thomas (ed.): Beiträge zur Geschichte Vorpommerns. Die Demminer Kolloquien 1985-1994, Schwerin 1997, pp. 333-342, here p. 333. In contrast, the capture is dated to the winter of 1121/22 e.g. by Piskorski, Jan Maria: Pommern im Wandel der Zeiten, Szczecin 1999, p. 36; Losinski, Wladyslaw: Stettin (Szczecin), in Wieczorek, Alfried & Hinz, Hans (eds.): Europas Mitte um 1000, Stuttgart 2000, pp. 156-162, here p. 160; Schmidt, Roderich: Das historische Pommern. Personen, Orte, Ereignisse, 2nd ed., Cologne/Weimar/Vienna 2009, [books.google.com/books?id=It9rJ6hkZsUC&pg=PA113 p. 113].
- ^ Primary source: Ebo III.4 (in MGH SS 12). In secondary literature: Brüske, Wolfgang: Untersuchungen zur Geschichte des Lutizenbundes... [Studies of the Lutician federation's history...] (Mitteldeutsche Forschungen, vol. 3), Münster/Cologne 1955, p. 94: "[In 1121], Boleslaw penetrated deep into Lutician territory. He advanced towards Müritz lake and devastated the area so thoroughly that it was nearly devoid of humans, as reported by Ebo." Similarly, with reference to Ebo: Schultze, Johannes: Die Mark Brandenburg, vol. 1, Berlin 1961, p. 59; Eggert, Oskar: Geschichte Pommerns, vol. 1, Hamburg 1974, p. 41; Herrmann, Joachim et al.: Die Slawen in Deutschland. Geschichte und Kultur der slawischen Stämme westlich von Oder und Neiße vom 6. bis 12. Jahrhundert, Berlin 1985, pp. 385, 552 (fn. 15); Gaethke, Hans-Otto: Kämpfe und Herrschaft Heinrichs von (Alt-) Lübeck und Lothars von Supplingenburg im Slawenland 1093/1106-1125, in: Zeitschrift des Vereins für Lübeckische Geschichte und Altertumskunde (ZVLGA), vol. 80 (2000), pp. 63-163, here pp. 126, 136.
- ^ Maleczynski, Karol: Bolesław III Krzywousty, Lwow 1939 (repr. Wrocław 1975), p. 154: "Na zachodzie podbój polski objął znowuż zapewne miejscowości Kocków i Dymin" (preview) and "Ekspansja polska i niemiecka zetknęłyby się w taki sposób ze sobą na przestrzeni górnego biegu Piany od Jeziora Morzyckiego ewentualnie po okolice dzisiejszego Stralsundu." (preview)
- ^ Primary source: Herbord II.5 (in MGH SS 20, where Nadam/Naclam is identified as Nakel/Nakło). Richter, Friedrich: Das Dorf Nieden. Versuch einer Ortschronik, in: Heimatkalender des Kreises Prenzlau 8/1933, p. 128, proposed that the Nadam destroyed by Boleslaw in 1121 was near Nieden, an Uckermark village. Herrmann, Joachim: Siedlung, Wirtschaft und gesellschaftliche Verhältnisse der slawischen Stämme zwischen Oder/Neisse und Elbe (Schriften der Sektion für Vor- und Frühgeschichte / Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, vol. 23), Berlin 1968, p. 122. and Enders, Lieselott: Historisches Ortslexikon für Brandenburg, vol. 8/2 (Uckermark), Weimar 1986, p. 710 agree and relate Nieden to Boleslaw's 1121 Müritz campaign. Kirsch, Kerstin: Slawen und Deutsche in der Uckermark. Vergleichende Untersuchungen zur Siedlungsentwicklung vom 11. bis zum 14. Jahrhundert. (Forschungen zur Geschichte und Kultur des östlichen Europa, vol. 21), Stuttgart 2004, p. 75, with reference to Enders says that "it was proposed that Boleslaw on his way to the Müritz destroyed the Ukrainian stronghold Nieden on the Ucker river in the north of the later Uckermark."
- ^ Herrmann, Joachim: Siedlung, Wirtschaft und gesellschaftliche Verhältnisse der slawischen Stämme zwischen Oder/Neisse und Elbe (Schriften der Sektion für Vor- und Frühgeschichte / Deutsche Akademie der Wissenschaften zu Berlin, vol. 23), Berlin 1968, p. 122.
- ^ Andrzej Michałek (2007). Słowianie Zachodni. Monarchie wczesnofeudalne. Bellona. p. 102. ISBN 978-83-11-10737-3.