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List of Lithuanian-language periodicals (up to 1904)

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This list of Lithuanian-language periodicals includes periodical publications (newspapers, magazines) that were published up to 1904 when the Lithuanian press ban was lifted in Lithuania Proper (then part of the Russian Empire). The periodicals were printed mostly in Lithuania Minor (then part of East Prussia, German Empire) and by the Lithuanian Americans in the United States. Some publications published in Prussia were intended for Prussian Lithuanians, the local Lithuanian-speaking minority. Others were intended for Lithuanians in Russia and were smuggled by Lithuanian book smugglers across the Prussia–Russia border.

Publications

[edit]

The list is sorted in chronological order. The periodicals that lasted for five years or longer are highlighted with darker background. The publication dates, where known and available, are given in the ISO date format YYYY-MM-DD.

# Title (modern spelling) Translated title Published in Country From To Short description
1 Nusidavimai Dievo karalystėje News in the Kingdom of God Königsberg (Kaliningrad) German Empire 1823 1824/1825 A translation of German Königsberger Missionsblatt edited by Hermann Olshausen and published by the Evangelical Missionary Society of Königsberg. It reported on Evangelical missions to Asia and Africa.[1]
2 Nusidavimai apie evangelijos prasiplatinimą tarp žydų ir pagonių Stories about the Propagation of the Gospel among the Jews and the Pagans Königsberg (Kaliningrad) German Empire 1832 1914 Revival of Nusidavimai Dievo karalystėje. It mainly published translated texts from Königsberger Missionsblatt.[2]
3 Lietuvininkų prietelis The Friend of Lithuanians Memel (Klaipėda) German Empire 1849-04-05 1849-12-28 A Protestant weekly published and edited by priest Rudolf Andreas Zippel.[3] In total, 38 issues were published (circulation 200 copies). They were four pages in length and mostly covered European news.[4]
4 Keleivis Traveler Königsberg (Kaliningrad) German Empire 1849-07-02 1880-02 A weekly newspaper edited by the linguist Friedrich Kurschat and sponsored by the German government. Kurschat sold the newspaper to Adomas Einoras who established Naujasis keleivis which was later replaced by Tilžės keleivis.[5]
5 Lietuviškas prielaiškas The Lithuanian Supplement Tilsit (Sovetsk) German Empire 1850-01 1850-03 Published by teacher Mauras Pucas as a supplement to the German liberal newspapers Dorfzeitung für Preußen and Die Freie Gemeinde. The publication ceased after seven issues when the German police confiscated the last issue. Pucas was forced to emigrate to the United States.[6][7]
6 Šilokarčiamos apsakymas Report of Šilokarčiama Heydekrug (Šilutė) German Empire 1861-04-12 1862-03-31 A bilingual German–Lithuanian weekly (German: Heydekruger Anzeiger) until issue 31 when it became only a German newspaper.[8]
7 Lietuviškas laiškas Lithuanian Letter Insterburg (Chernyakhovsk) German Empire 1862 1862 A newspaper published by German democrats (editor F. Hagen) and aimed against the conservative Keleivis. Mykolas Biržiška believed that it was not a separate publication, but a different name of Lietuvininkų paslas.[9]
8 Lietuvininkų paslas savo broliams šviežiausių naujienų pranešąs The Lithuanian Envoy Bringing the Freshest News to His Brothers Heydekrug (Šilutė) German Empire 1863-02 1864 A weekly newspaper established by the German Progress Party in connection with the elections to the Landtag of Prussia. It was edited by Friedrich Wilhelm Siebert. In total, 97 or 98 issues were printed.[10][4]
9 Žinia apie lenkų vainą su maskoliais News About the Polish War with the Muscovites Insterburg? (Chernyakhovsk) German Empire 1864-02-01 1864-03-01 A bilingual Polish–Lithuanian newsletter of the rebels during the Uprising of 1863 (Polish: Wiadomości o naszej wojnie z Moskalami). Only two issues were published. The Lithuanian text was edited by Mikalojus Akelaitis.[11]
10 Pasiuntinystės laiškelis arba bitelė ant pasiuntinystės lauko Letter of the Mission or A Little Bee in the Missionary Field Memel (Klaipėda) German Empire 1875 1906 An irregular publication (frequency varied from twice a month to once a year) by the Lutherans. It was established by Johann Ferdinand Kelch and edited by Mikelis Kybelka (1877–1906). It was replaced by Pasiuntinystės knygelės in October 1907.[12][13]
11 Kalvis melagis Blacksmith the Liar St. Petersburg Russian Empire 1875-12-01 1876-03-01 A secret handwritten newspaper of Lithuanian students launched by Petras Vileišis. In total, about 10 issues were published.[14][15]
12 Lietuviška ceitunga The Lithuanian Newspaper Memel (Klaipėda) German Empire 1877 1940 A pro-German newspaper established by Martynas Šernius (Martin Szernus), who was its editor until 1905, and Heinrich Holz. The newspaper was published once a week, then bi-weekly (1900–1913), three times a week (1913–1932), and daily (1932–1940).[16][17] In 1896–1900, it published 38 issues of supplement Laukininko pretelius.[18] This supplement was replaced by ten issues of Lietuvos ūkininkas (The Farmer of Lithuania).[19]
13 Ligonių prietelius The Friend of the Ill German Empire 1879 1897 An annual medical publication first edited by Eduardas Gizevijus and later by members of the Lithuanian Literary Society.[20]
14 Gazieta lietuviška The Lithuanian Newspaper New York, NY United States 1879-08-16 1880-01 The first Lithuanian newspaper in the United States was established by Mykolas Tvarauskas [lt]. It was a Catholic newspaper that supported the traditions of the historical union between Poland and Lithuania. Between 12 and 16 issues were published.[21] It had 132 subscribers. In 1891, Tvarauskas attempted to reestablish the newspaper as New Yorko gazieta lietuviška.[22]
15 Tiesos prietelius The Friend of Truth Prökuls (Priekulė) German Empire 1879/1880 1882 A Lutheran weekly newspaper edited and published by Jurgis Traušys. It published supplements Lekiantieji laiškai rytprūsiškos konservatyvų draugystės (1 February 1881 to 21 February 1882) and Pasiuntinystės nusidavimai. It was replaced by Konservatyvų draugystės laiškas.[23][24]
16 Konzervatyvų draugystės laiškas The Letter of the Conservative Society Prökuls (Priekulė) German Empire 1880 1918 Original spelling of the title: Konzerwatywu draugystēs laiszkas. It was published by the Lithuanian Conservative Election Societies weekly and from 1898 twice a week. In 1886–1918, it published a supplement Keleivis.[25]
17 Naujasis keleivis The New Traveler Memel (Klaipėda) German Empire 1880-03-28 1883-03-30 Established by Adomas Einoras, the weekly newspaper replaced Keleivis. It was replaced by Tilžės keleivis.[26] The newspaper published 18 issues of supplement Gaspadorystės laiškas (The Farming Letter) in 1882.[27]
18 Pakajaus paslas Envoy of Peace Memel (Klaipėda) German Empire 1881 1939 A bilingual German–Lithuanian publication by the Lutherans published in Memel (Klaipėda), Friedland (Pravdinsk), and Heydekrug (Šilutė).[28]
19 Lietuva Lithuania Kaunas Russian Empire 1883 1883 A handwritten newsletter edited by Adomas Jakštas while he was a student at the Kaunas Priest Seminary. In total, four issues appeared before it was forbidden by Antanas Baranauskas, rector of the seminary.[29]
20 Aušra Dawn Ragnit (Neman) German Empire 1883 1886 The first monthly Lithuanian periodical aimed at the Lithuanians under the Russian rule. It was a key development in the Lithuanian National Revival. The first five issues were printed in Ragnit, others in Tilsit. In total, 40 issues were published in 29 physical booklets (two or three volumes were often combined into a single booklet).[30]
21 Tilžės keleivis The Traveler of Tilsit Tilsit (Sovetsk) German Empire 1883 1924 A newspaper that replaced Naujasis keleivis. It was edited by Jurgis Arnašius (1893–1897, 1899–1924).[31] In 1898–1911, it published a weekly supplement Keleivio draugas (The Friend of the Traveler).[32]
22 Žinių nešėjas Carrier of News St. Petersburg Russian Empire 1884 1885 A secret hectographed newsletter published by Lithuanian students Jonas Beržanskis [lt], Rokas Šliūpas, Povilas Matulionis [lt], Juozas Skrupskelis. In total, about 10 issues were published.[33][34][35]
23 Lietuviškas politiškas laikraštis Lithuanian Political Newspaper Ragnit (Neman) German Empire 1884-01 1886-12 A liberal political newspaper first published in Ragnit and later in Königsberg by Kristupas Kibelka. At the end of 1885, it was renamed to Žiūronas (Binoculars). In total, 140 issues were published.[36]
24 Niamuno sargas Guardian of the Neman Ragnit (Neman) German Empire 1884-09-26 1887-06-30 A weekly publication first published in Ragnit and then in Tilsit. It was printed in the Gothic script and published by Jurgis Mikšas, Julius Siebert, Ernestas Vejeris (Ernst Weyer). In total, 39 issues were published.[37][38]
25 Unija Union New York, NY United States 1884-10-26 1885-04-25 A newspaper established by Mykolas Tvarauskas and Jonas Šliūpas. Its name referenced the historical union between Poland and Lithuania. In total, 33 issues were published.[39]
26 Lietuviškasis balsas The Lithuanian Voice New York, NY United States 1885-07-02 1889-02 A newspaper published by Jonas Šliūpas in New York and Shenandoah, Pennsylvania. In total, 96 issues were published.[40]
27 Garsas The Sound Tilsit (Sovetsk) German Empire 1886 1887 A patriotic monthly newspaper that was supposed to replace the discontinued Aušra. It was published by Martynas Jankus. In total, 11 issues appeared.[41]
28 Vienybė lietuvninkų The Unity of Lithuanians Plymouth, PA United States 1886 1920 A weekly newspaper first published in Plymouth and later in New York. Its editors and political orientation changed frequently, from conservative Catholicism to socialism. It was replaced by Vienybė published until 1985.[42][43]
29 Želmuo The Shoot Chicago, IL United States 1887 1887 A liberal newspaper published by Jonas Grinius. Only four issues appeared.[44]
30 Liuteronas The Lutheran Tilsit (Sovetsk) German Empire 1887 1888 A religious newspaper published twice a week.[45]
31 Šviesa The Light Tilsit (Sovetsk) German Empire 1887-08 1890-08 A Catholic monthly newspaper.[46]
32 Saulė The Sun Mahanoy City, PA United States 1888 1959 A conservative weekly and later twice-weekly. It became a monthly in 1904. It was similar to a tabloid and used archaic language, spelling, and orthography. It published entertainment supplements Linksmi vakarai (The Fun Evenings; 1889–1890) and Linksma valanda (The Fun Hour, 1899–1910).[47][48]
33 Žemaičių ir Lietuvos apžvalga Review of Samogitia and Lithuania Tilsit (Sovetsk) German Empire 1889-10 1896 A fiercely pro-Catholic and anti-Russian newspaper published every two weeks and later monthly. In total, 154 issues appeared.[49]
34 Varpas The Bell Tilsit (Sovetsk) German Empire 1889-12-10 1905 A monthly newspaper of politics, literature, science first published in Tilsit and later in Ragnit. It was the major periodical of the Lithuanian National Revival.[50][51]
35 Naujos žinios The New News Ragnit (Neman) German Empire 1889-12-11 1890-03-26 A weekly newspaper published by Kristupas Voska in connection with an election campaign by the Lithuanian Conservative Election Societies. In total, 15 issues were published.[52]
36 Kentėjimo gromata The Letter of Suffering Neuruppin German Empire 1890 1890 A small religious publication.[53]
37 Knapt Sejny Congress Poland 1890 1891 A secret handwritten newsletter published by Lithuanian clerics at the Sejny Priest Seminary. It was later renamed to Visko po biški (A Little of Everything) and Viltis (The Hope). It was organized and edited by Pranciškus Būčys.[54]
38 Ūkininkas The Farmer Ragnit (Neman) German Empire 1890 1905 A monthly newspaper geared towards farmers published by the editorial staff of Varpas in Ragnit and later Tilsit.[55]
39 Nauja lietuviška ceitunga The New Lithuanian Newspaper Tilsit (Sovetsk) German Empire 1890-11-29 1923 It was published twice a week (until 1910) and later three times a week. It was edited by Mikelis Kiošis. In 1896–1922, it published a weekly supplement Kaimynas (The Neighbor).[56]
40 Alyvų lapai iš žemės amžino pakajaus The Olive Branch from the Eternal Peace of the World Prökuls (Priekulė) German Empire 1891 1893 A religious weekly that was briefly resurrected in 1926.[57]
41 Tetutė Auntie Tilsit (Sovetsk) German Empire 1891 1893 The first satirical newspaper in Lithuanian. It was published and edited by Martynas Jankus in Tilsit and Bittehnen. It appeared irregularly. In total, 13 issues were published.[58]
42 New Yorko gazeta lietuviška Lithuanian Newspaper of New York New York, NY United States 1891-10-31 1892-05-07 It was a weekly newspaper edited by Mykolas Tvarauskas. In total, 25 issues were published.[59]
43 Apšvieta Enlightenment Tilsit (Sovetsk) German Empire 1892 1893 A monthly magazine of culture and literature published by the Lithuanian Scientific Society and edited by Jonas Šliūpas. In total, 15 issues were published.[60]
44 Nauja aušra The New Dawn Tilsit (Sovetsk) German Empire 1892-04 1892-04 A single issue was edited by Martynas Jankus. It was an attempt to revive Aušra.[61][62]
45 Garsas The Sound Shenandoah, PA United States 1892-10-13 1894-08-31 A liberal newspaper published by Tomas Astramskas [lt]. About 100 issues appeared. Due to financial difficulties, it was sold to a group of Lithuanian priests who established Garsas Amerikos lietuvių.[63]
46 Lietuva Lithuania Chicago, IL United States 1892-12-06 1920-05-08 It was a weekly (daily in 1918–1920) liberal-democratic newspaper.[64] It was published by Antanas Olšauskas (1893–1917) and edited by Juozas Adomaitis-Šernas (1895–1917) and Bronius Kazys Balutis (1917–1919).[4]
47 Palemonas Palemon Nemunėlio Radviliškis Russian Empire 1893 1893 A small hectographed newsletter published by a group of Lithuanian book smugglers and edited by cleric Julijonas Paliukas. In total, three issues were published.[65]
48 Lietuviškas darbininkas The Lithuanian Worker Bittehnen (Bitėnai) German Empire 1894 1894 A liberal newspaper published every two weeks by Martynas Jankus. In total, 12 issues were published (circulation 500 copies).[66]
49 Ūkininkų prietelis The Friend of Farmers Bittehnen (Bitėnai) German Empire 1894 1894 A weekly newspaper published by Martynas Jankus and edited by E. Misupovičius (Misupowiczias).[67]
50 Valtis The Boat Plymouth, PA United States 1894 1895 A Catholic weekly published and edited by Aleksandras Burba [lt].[68]
51 Nauja gadynė The New Era Mount Carmel, PA United States 1894-01-23 1896-06-02 Established by Jonas Šliūpas, it was a newspaper of the freethinkers. Initially published in Mount Carmel, it later moved to Shenandoah, Pennsylvania, and Scranton, Pennsylvania, and was taken over by the Lithuanian Scientific Society. In total, 89 issues were published.[69]
52 Garsas Amerikos lietuvių The Sound of Lithuanian Americans Shenandoah, PA United States 1894-10-02 1899-08-03 A Catholic newspaper established after a group of Lithuanian priests purchased Garsas.[70] Established in Shenandoah, it was later published in Minersville (1898) and Elizabeth (1898–1899). Its editors included Antanas Milukas. In total, about 190 issues appeared.[71] In 1897–1898, the newspaper published 11 issues of supplement Lietuviškas kningynas (The Lithuanian Library) which encouraged the establishment of Lithuanian libraries and bookstores.[17] At the same time, it also published supplement Pasaulė (The World) which republished material from newspapers.[72]
53 Perkūnas The Thunder Shenandoah, PA United States 1895 1895 A satirical and humorous newspaper published by Antanas Astramskas.[73]
54 Bostono lietuviškas laikraštis The Lithuanian Newspaper of Boston Boston, MA United States 1895-11-01 1895-12-27 A newspaper edited and mainly written by priest Juozapas Žebrys who purchased it, moved it to Waterbury, Connecticut, and established weekly Rytas.[74] In total, seven issues were published.[75]
55 Siberija The Siberia Brooklyn, NY United States 1896 1896 A weekly newspaper published by Mykolas Tvarauskas.[76]
56 Kardas The Sword Baltimore, MD United States 1896 1898 A weekly published by Lithuanian freethinkers. In total, 131 issues appeared. In 1898, it published a monthly supplement Galybė (The Might).[77]
57 Tėvynės sargas The Guardian of the Homeland Tilsit (Sovetsk) German Empire 1896 1904 A catholic monthly newspaper edited by Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas and Antanas Milukas.[78]
58 Tėvynė The Homeland Plymouth, PA United States 1896 present A newspaper published in Plymouth, PA (1896–1899, monthly), Pittston, Pennsylvania (1900–1901, weekly), South Boston (1908), New York (1908–2001), Chicago (since 2006). It was not published in 1902–1907 and 2001–2006. It is published by the Lithuanian Alliance of America (Lithuanian: Susivienijimas lietuvių Amerikoje or SLA).[79][80]
59 Rytas The Morning Waterbury, CT United States 1896-02-17 1898-11-23 A weekly newspaper established by priest Juozas Žebrys. When he left the parish, Petras Saurusaitis took over Rytas but quickly discontinued it and replaced it with Bažnyčios tarnas. In total, 46 issues were published.[81]
60 Lietuvos paslas The Lithuanian Envoy Tilsit (Sovetsk) German Empire 1896-04-01 1898-12-31 A weekly newspaper published and edited by the linguist Friedrich Kurschat. from October 1897, it was published every two weeks.[82]
61 Lietuvos darbininkas The Worker of Lithuania Zürich Switzerland 1896-05-01 1899 The first periodical of the Social Democratic Party of Lithuania. It was published in Lithuanian and Polish (Robotnik litewski). Three issues were published: first in Zürich, second in Tilsit, and third in Bittehnen.[83]
62 Pensilvanijos darbininkas The Worker of Pennsylvania Shenandoah, PA United States 1896-08 1898 A socialist weekly newspaper known as Darbininkas (The Worker) from 1897. It was published and edited by Robertas Kuncmanas and Antanas Lalis.[84]
63 Aušra The Dawn Tilsit (Sovetsk) German Empire 1896-10-22 1899 First published as the weekly Lietuviškasis laiškas (The Lithuanian Letter), it was renamed to Aušra published every two weeks in 1897. It was published and edited by Enzys Jagomastas [lt]. In total, 255 or 258 issues appeared.[85][86] In 1889–1890, it published 25 issues of the supplement Namų prietelis (The Friend of the Home) which printed many literary works of Lithuanian writers.[87]
64 Amerikos lietuvis The Lithuanian American Chicago, IL United States 1897 1897 A weekly socialist newspaper that was edited by Jonas Grinius and Juozas Laukis. Only three issues were published.[88]
65 Baltasis erelis The White Eagle Gipkeliai Russian Empire 1897 1912 A newspaper written and published by book smuggler Jurgis Bielinis. In total, three issues were published in 1897, 1911, and 1912. In 1897, Bielinis obtained a hand-powered printing press and published the only Lithuanian newspaper printed inside the Russian Empire.[89]
66 Vardas kataliko The Name of a Catholic Lapšiai Russian Empire 1897-10 1900 A handwritten newsletter for the youth published by Petras Tumasonis.[90]
67 Skyrimo ceitunga Klaipėdos bei Šilokarčiamos kreizams Newspaper for the Klaipėda and Šilokarčiama Districts Memel (Klaipėda) German Empire 1898 1898 Three issues of an electoral publication by the German progressive parties.[91]
68 Dirva The Soil Shenandoah, PA United States 1898 1906 A quarterly cultural magazine edited by Antanas Milukas. In Lithuania, it was merged with Žinyčia, but continued to be printed as Dirva in the United States.[92] In total, 44 issues were published.[93]
69 Nauja draugija The New Society Baltimore, MD United States 1898-10-19 1899-05-19 It supported socialist, anarchist, and freethought ideas. It lasted for 19 issues.[94]
70 Bažnyčios tarnas The Servant of the Church Waterbury, CT United States 1898-12 1904 A newspaper published by priest Petras Saurusaitis instead of Rytas. It was a Catholic newspaper advocating teetotalism. Initially named Tarnas bažnyčios, it was renamed Bažnyčios tarnas in 1899 and published weekly. In 1901, it became a monthly.[95]
71 Aidas Lietuvos darbininkų gyvenimo The Echo of the Lives of Lithuanian Workers Bittehnen (Bitėnai) German Empire 1899 1899 Publication by the Social Democratic Party of Lithuania. The first issue was translated from Polish by Kazys Grinius. Only two issues appeared.[96]
72 Viltis The Hope Shenandoah, PA United States 1899 1901 A liberal workers' newspaper edited by Antanas Kaupas, Tomas Astramskas, Jonas Montvila, Vincas Šlekys (Stagaras).[97]
73 Katalikas The Catholic Chicago, IL United States 1899-01 1917-04 A Catholic weekly (a daily in 1914–1916). It was edited by Petras Tumasonis-Brandukas in 1903–1910. Its editorial office published about a hundred Lithuanian books and musical works.[98][99]
74 Vaidelytė Vaidilutė Glasgow United Kingdom 1899-08-25 1899-11-17 A Catholic newspaper published every two weeks by Jonas Montvila ir Vincas Varnagiris.[100]
75 Žiburys The Beacon Saint Petersburg Russian Empire 1900 1900 A secret hectographed newsletter published by Kazimieras Būga and Povilas Paškonis. In total, two issues appeared.[101]
76 Žinyčia The Treasury of Knowledge Tilsit (Sovetsk) German Empire 1900 1904 A cultural magazine established by Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas. After five issues, it was merged with Dirva published in the United States. Eight issues of the merged magazine Dirva-Žinynas were published.[102][93]
77 Saulėtaka The Sunset Bittehnen (Bitėnai) German Empire 1900-01-01 1902-01-15 A monthly literary and political magazine published by Martynas Jankus. In total, 18 issues were printed.[103]
78 Kūrėjas The Creator Chicago, IL United States 1900-02-07 1900-06-14 A weekly that supported freethought and anarchist ideas. About 20 issues were published by Domininkas Keliauninkas (pen name Juozas Laukis).[104]
79 Lietuvos sargas The Guardian of Lithuania London United Kingdom 1900-07-08 1900 A pro-Russian newspaper published by Kazimieras Pilėnas in competition with priest Boleslovas Šlamas. Only one or two issues were published.[105]
80 Ateitis The Future Pittsburgh, PA United States 1900-09 1901-05 A socialist and freethought newspaper edited by Domininkas Keliauninkas (J. Laukis) and Antanas Lalis.[106]
81 Šv. Kazimiero pasiuntinys The Envoy of Saint Casimir Pittsburgh, PA United States 1901 1901 A monthly Catholic newspaper.[107]
82 Darbininkų balsas The Voice of Workers Tilsit (Sovetsk) German Empire 1901 1906 A newspaper of the Social Democratic Party of Lithuania published in Tilsit and later Bittehnen. Edited by Augustinas Janulaitis, it was published every two months and monthly in 1905. In total, 36 issues appeared.[108]
83 Griausmas Thunder Philadelphia, PA United States 1901 1907 It was edited by J. G. Baronas and published with interruptions.[109]
84 Ataskaita The Report United States 1901 1910 An official publication of the Lithuanian Alliance of America [lt]. In total, 32 issues were published.[110]
85 Žvaigždė The Star New York, NY United States 1901 1944 A Catholic newspaper published in New York (1901–1903), Shenandoah, Pennsylvania (1904–1909), and Philadelphia (1909–1944). It was published weekly (until 1923), monthly (1923–1926), and later quarterly. It was edited and published by Antanas Milukas (1903–1942) and Julė Pranaitytė (1943–1944).[111]
86 Naujienos The News Tilsit (Sovetsk) German Empire 1901-01 1903-12 A liberal monthly newspaper published by the editorial staff of Varpas.[112]
87 Lietuvis The Lithuanian Philadelphia, PA United States 1901-03 1901-09 A liberal weekly newspaper edited by Vincas Daukšys. In total, 25 issues were published.[113]
88 Darbininkas The Worker Chicago, IL United States 1902 1903 A socialist magazine edited by Domininkas Keliauninkas and Antanas Lalis. Only two issues appeared.[114]
89 Biuletenis mielaširdystės darbo gelbėti dūšias apleistas čyščiuje A Bulletin of the Compassionate Work to Save Souls Abandoned in Misery La Chapelle-Montligeon France 1903 1903 A bulletin translated by Julija Pranaitytė.[115]
90 Smarkininko krykštavimas Cheers of a Hothead Tilsit (Sovetsk) German Empire 1903 1903 A small newspaper devoted to an anti-alcohol campaign.[116]
91 Iš gyvaties versmės From the Fountain of Life Tilsit (Sovetsk) German Empire 1903 1904 A religious publication. In total, 11 issues were published.[117][118]
92 Kryžius The Cross Tilsit (Sovetsk) German Empire 1903 1904 A Catholic monthly newspaper edited by priest J. Jasienskis.[119]
93 Juonuomenės draugas The Friend of the Youth Sejny Congress Poland 1903 1908 A secret handwritten newsletter published by Lithuanian clerics at the Sejny Priest Seminary.[120]
94 Darbininkų viltis The Hope of Workers Shenandoah, PA United States 1903 1925 A liberal newspaper published by Vincas Šlekys, Jurgis Gegužis, and others.[121]
95 Pasiuntinybės laiškas Letter of the Mission Tilsit (Sovetsk) German Empire 1903-10 1910-03 A newspaper of Lithuanian baptists printed by Martynas Jankus and edited by Dovas Kalvaitis.[122] In total, 40 issues were published.[13]
96 Aušros žvaigždės spinduliai The Rays of the Dawn Star Memel (Klaipėda) German Empire 1903-12-05 1904-12-24 A serialized publication of sermons by priest Jonas Pipiras.[123]
97 Spindulys The Ray Brooklyn, NY United States 1904 1907 A liberal weekly edited by Vincas Karalius.[124]
98 Pasiuntinybės prietelis Friend of the Mission Tilsit (Sovetsk) German Empire 1904 1908 A quarterly publication of the Lutherans. Its circulation reached 5,000 copies.[125]
99 Pagalba Help Tilsit (Sovetsk) German Empire 1904 1939 A monthly newspaper published by the Lutherans. After the Klaipėda Revolt in 1923, it was published in the Klaipėda Region. Its editors included Vilius Gaigalaitis (Wilhelm Gaigalat) and Martynas Purvinas.[126][127]
100 Draugas The Friend Bittehnen (Bitėnai) German Empire 1904-04 1906 A socialist publication edited by Vincas Kapsukas and published in Bittehnen and Tilsit. After four issues, it was replaced by Darbininkas (The Worker) of which nine issues appeared.[128]
101 Lietuvių laikraštis Newspaper of Lithuanians Saint Petersburg Russian Empire 1904-12-01 1906-01-19 The first legal Lithuanian periodical in the Russian Empire after the Lithuanian press ban was lifted in April 1904.[129]
102 Vilniaus žinios The News of Vilnius Vilnius Russian Empire 1904-12-10 1909-03-04 The first legal Lithuanian daily in the Russian Empire after the Lithuanian press ban was lifted in April 1904.[130]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 373 (#2003).
  2. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 372 (#2002).
  3. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 210 (#1286).
  4. ^ a b c Tapinas 1997, p. 277.
  5. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 181 (#946).
  6. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 245 (#1314).
  7. ^ Kaunas 1996, p. 256.
  8. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 488 (#2666).
  9. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 244 (#1311).
  10. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 239 (#1285).
  11. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 600 (#3243).
  12. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 368 (#2070).
  13. ^ a b Tapinas 1997, p. 379.
  14. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 170 (#884).
  15. ^ Tapinas 1997, p. 203.
  16. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 242 (#1302).
  17. ^ a b Tapinas 1997, p. 278.
  18. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 228 (#1216).
  19. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 277 (#1474).
  20. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 283 (#1500).
  21. ^ Tapinas 1997, p. 146.
  22. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 123 (#636).
  23. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, pp. 229, 530 (#1222, 2888).
  24. ^ Tapinas 1997, p. 520.
  25. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 182, 201 (#948, 1064).
  26. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 352 (#1898).
  27. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 122 (#632).
  28. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 378 (#2020).
  29. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 236 (#1268).
  30. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 36 (#190).
  31. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 531 (#2898).
  32. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 181 (#944).
  33. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 603 (#3263).
  34. ^ Tapinas 1997, p. 585.
  35. ^ Stepukonienė 2014, p. 14.
  36. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, pp. 244–245, 603 (#1313, 3265).
  37. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 370 (#1989).
  38. ^ Tapinas 1997, p. 356.
  39. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 542 (#2947).
  40. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 244 (#1308).
  41. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 121 (#624).
  42. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 564 (#3068).
  43. ^ Jonaitis 2011, pp. 5–7.
  44. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 587 (#3181).
  45. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 294 (#1563).
  46. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 493 (#2699).
  47. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, pp. 283–284, 442 (#1504, 1506, 2381).
  48. ^ Tapinas 1997, p. 443.
  49. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, pp. 587, 589 (#3184).
  50. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 555 (#3021).
  51. ^ Krapauskas 2000, pp. 169–171.
  52. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 364 (#1963).
  53. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 185 (#966).
  54. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 191, (#1009, 3106).
  55. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 537 (#2929).
  56. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, pp. 167, 350 (#865, 1886).
  57. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 8 (#43).
  58. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 519 (#2843).
  59. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, pp. 369–370 (#1988).
  60. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 15 (#86).
  61. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, pp. 348–349 (#1876).
  62. ^ Tapinas 1997, p. 351.
  63. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 121 (#625).
  64. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 236 (#1269).
  65. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 381 (#2027).
  66. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 243 (#1307).
  67. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 540 (#2938).
  68. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 554 (#3014).
  69. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 349 (#1880).
  70. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 122 (#631).
  71. ^ Tapinas 1997, p. 144.
  72. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 385 (#2053).
  73. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 398 (#2127).
  74. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 63 (#330).
  75. ^ Tapinas 1997, p. 71.
  76. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 450 (#2431).
  77. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, pp. 118, 172 (#612, 894).
  78. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 523 (#2858).
  79. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 519 (#2844).
  80. ^ LIBIS.
  81. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 435 (#2342).
  82. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 268 (#1433).
  83. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 258 (#1382).
  84. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, pp. 81, 396 (#410, 2116).
  85. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, pp. 37, 244 (#192, 1312).
  86. ^ Tapinas 1997, p. 43.
  87. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 347 (#1866).
  88. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 11 (#59).
  89. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 45 (#231).
  90. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 554 (#3016).
  91. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 456 (#2463).
  92. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 99 (#515).
  93. ^ a b Tapinas 1997, p. 108.
  94. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 349 (#1878).
  95. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, pp. 51–52, 507 (#263, 2775).
  96. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 4 (#20).
  97. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 572 (#3107).
  98. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 177 (#919).
  99. ^ Tapinas 1997, p. 211.
  100. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 548 (#2983).
  101. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 596 (#3225).
  102. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 600 (#3245).
  103. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 442 (#2383).
  104. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 213 (#1133).
  105. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 271 (#1446).
  106. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 24 (#134).
  107. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 499 (#2732).
  108. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 85 (#428).
  109. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 132 (#690).
  110. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, pp. 21–22 (#117).
  111. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 604 (#3273).
  112. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 356 (#1922).
  113. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 240 (#1290).
  114. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 81 (#411).
  115. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 59 (#308).
  116. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 457 (#2469).
  117. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 142 (#734).
  118. ^ Tapinas 1997, p. 176.
  119. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 210 (#1112).
  120. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 164 (#847).
  121. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 88 (#450).
  122. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 389 (#2071).
  123. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 41 (#211).
  124. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 465 (#2519).
  125. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 389 (#2073).
  126. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 377 (#2012).
  127. ^ Tapinas 1997, p. 368.
  128. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, pp. 81, 101 (#412, 523).
  129. ^ Surblys, Zakaravičiūtė & Rudminaitė 2016.
  130. ^ Tamošiūnas 1991, p. 570 (#3095).

Bibliography

[edit]
  • Jonaitis, Marius (2011). "Vienybės lietuvininkų" istorija (1886–1920 m.) (Master's thesis) (in Lithuanian). Vytautas Magnus University.
  • Kaunas, Domas (1996). Mažosios Lietuvos knyga: lietuviškos knygos raida 1547-1940. Mažosios Lietuvos fondo leidiniai (in Lithuanian). Vol. 6. Baltos lankos. ISBN 9986-813-28-X.
  • Krapauskas, Virgil (2000). Nationalism and Historiography: The Case of Nineteenth-Century Lithuanian Historicism. New York: Columbia University Press. ISBN 0-88033-457-6.
  • "Tėvynė : literatūros mokslo ir politikos mėnesinis laikrasztis : organas "Susiv. lietuvių Amerikoje" / redaktorius Jonas Žilinskas". Lietuvos integrali bibliotekų informacijos sistema (in Lithuanian). Lietuvos nacionalinė Martyno Mažvydo biblioteka. Retrieved 29 July 2019.
  • Surblys, Alvydas; Zakaravičiūtė, Agnė; Rudminaitė, Edita (4 October 2016). "„Lietuvių laikraštis" – pirmas legalus periodinis leidinys po spaudos draudimo" (in Lithuanian). Kauno apskrities viešoji biblioteka. Retrieved 26 June 2021.
  • Stepukonienė, Inga (2014). "Daktaras Rokas Šliūpas – lietuvybės puoselėtojas" (PDF). Žiemgala (in Lithuanian). 2. ISSN 1392-3781.
  • Tamošiūnas, Julius (1991). Lietuviškų periodinių leidinių bibliografija 1832–1982 (in Lithuanian). Kaunas: Julius Tamošiūnas. OCLC 35388671.
  • Tapinas, Laimonas; et al., eds. (1997). Žurnalistikos enciklopedija (PDF) (in Lithuanian). Vilnius: Pradai. ISBN 9986-776-62-7.
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