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List of French words of Arabic origin

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Words of Arabic origin entered the French language. Most of them entered first in another Romance language before being borrowed by the French language. These languages are mainly Italian (and its dialects), Medieval Latin and Hispanic (Castilian, Catalan, Portuguese). A little number of words, mainly slang words (argot) came finally through dialectal arab of the French colonies in North-Africa.

A

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  • abricot' ("apricot") : from Catalan albercoc, derived from the Arabic al barqūq (أَلْبَرْقُوق) which is itself borrowed from Late Greek praikokkion derived from Latin præcoquum, meaning "(the) early fruit"[1]
  • adoble ("adobe") : from Spanish adobe, derived from the Arabic al-ṭūb (الطوب) meaning "(the) brick of dried earth"[2]
  • albacore ("albacore") (zoo.) : from Latin American Spanish albacora, itself from Maroccan Arabic bakûra "young bonito (kind of fish)"[3]
  • alcade ("alcade", "Spanish magistrate, Spanish judge"), from Spanish alcade "magistrate, judge", itself from Arabic al-qāḍi (القاض) "the judge; the cadi".
  • alchimie ("alchemy"): from Medieval Latin alchimia, itself from Arabic al Kīmíj̄a or al kîmiâ (الكيمياء), possibly from either Greek or Coptic source according to current hypotheses[4]
  • alcool ("alcohol"), double origin : Scholar Latin and Spanish alcohol, from Arabic kuḥúl (الكحول)[5]
  • alcôve ("alcove): from Spanish alcoba, itself from Arabic al qubba (القبة) "cupola"[6]
  • alambic ("still"): from Medieval Latin alambicus, itself from Arabic al−anbīq or al-inbīq (الإنبيق) meaning "(the) still for the distillation of alcohol".[7] The invention of the still is traced to Ptolemaic Egypt. The original Greek word ἄμβιξ (ambix), meaning "the top of a still" had the definite article al- added onto it by the Arabs.
  • alezan (horse: chestnut, sorrel) : from Spanish alazán, probably Arabic ﺃﺻﹿﻬﹷﺐ [’aṣhab][8]
  • algèbre (algebra): from Medieval Latin algebra, itself from Arabic al-ǧabr[9] or al-jabr الجبر meaning "amending or fixation", a root (linguistics) of the word Arabic word of 'splint' jabirah جبيرة
  • algorithme ("algorithm"): scholar form from Old French augorisme, itself from Old Spanish alguarismo, from Al Ḫuwārizmī,[10] nickname of mathematician al-Khwarizmi الخوارزمي
  • alidade : from Medieval Latin alhidada, alidada "rule of the astrolab", itself from Arabic al idāda[11]
  • almanach ("almanac") : from Medieval Latin almanach "calendar" from the Spain Arabic al manāḫ "calendar", المناخ , itself from Syriac l-manhaï "next year"[12]
  • amalgame ("mixture", "blend", "amalgam") : from Medieval Latin amalgama altered form of Arabic al-ḡamâa الملغم
  • ambre ("amber") : from Medieval Latin ambar / ambra, itself from Arabic anbar[13] عنبر
  • amiral ("admiral") : from Arabic amīr al-'ālī "higher chief" or amīr-ar-rahl "fleet commander"[14] أمير البحر
  • aniline ("aniline") from German Anilin, scholar derivation of alin "purple dye", itself from Portuguese anil borrowed from Arabic an‑nīl[15] (النيلة (صبغة
  • arrobe ("at sign"): from Spanish arroba.
  • arsenal ("arsenal") : from Italian (Venitian) arzana with final -l from an older tarsenal, tersenal, borrowed from Italian (cf. Napolitan tarcenale), themselves from Arabic dâr-sinâ or dār as-inā[16] دار الصناعة
  • artichaut ("artichoke") : from Italian articiocco, related to Spanish alcachofa, from Spain Arabic haršûfa (Classical Arabic ḥáršafa)[17] أرضي شوكي
  • assassin ("assassin") : from Italian assassino, assessino, borrowed from unattested Arabic plural *Hashīshiyyīn "hashish smokers", derived of hašiš > hashish[18] حشاشين
  • aubergine ("aubergine") : from Catalan alberginía, itself from Arabic al bādinǧān, from Persian bātinǧān, ultimately from Sanskrit bhantaki.[19] البادنحات - الباذنجان
  • avarie ("damage on a ship, vehicle or its cargo") : from Medieval Latin (Genova, Italy) avaria, itself from Arabic àwārīya, derived form of àwār "mistake, lack".[20] (عوار (تالف
  • azimut ("azimuth") : from Spanish acimut, itself from Arabic sumût, plural of samt "path, way" السمت
  • azur ("azure") : from Medieval Latin azurium, itself from lāzaward "lapis lazuli" (cf. Judeo-French Lazur), borrowed from Persian lāzward.[21] لازورد

B

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  • babouche (slippers) بلغة
  • baldaquin (baldachin)
  • barkhane or barcane (barchan)
  • baobab بو حباب
  • baroud (raid) بارود
  • benjoin (benzoin resin)
  • benzine البنزين
  • bergamote (bergamot orange) برتقال
  • bezef (much, many), usually used in the negative form: pas bezeff (not much, not many)
  • bled (colloquial: Place, Town) بلد
  • borax بوراق
  • bougie (candle) from Bejaia (بجاية, port town in Algeria), but not particularly Arabic

C

[edit]
  • cafard (cockroach)
  • café ("coffee", "café"): from Italian (Venice) caffè or / and from Turkish qahve, itself from Arabic qahwah[22] قهوة
  • caïd (chief of a mob; as a nickname, can be translated as "tiger") قائد
  • calfeutrer (to draught-proof)
  • calibre (standard for calibration, calibre, see also Caliper) قالب
  • calife (caliph) خليفة
  • camaïeu (camaieu)
  • camphre (camphor) كافور
  • candie ("Heraklion") قند (من سكر قندي)
  • carafe (water pot) غرافة
  • carat (gem mass or metal purity) قيراط
  • carmin ("carmine") قرمزي
  • caroussel ("carousel") كروي
  • carvi ("caraway") كراوية
  • chèque ("check") : from English check, itself from Old French eschec / echec (French échec), altered form of Latin scacus from Arabic صك, from Persian šāh, mixed up with Old Low Franconian *skāk "booty"[23] (cf. German Schach)
  • chiffre ("number", see Cipher) : from Arabic ṣifr صفر
  • chouïa (slang for "a little") شوية
  • civette ("chives", "civet") : probably from Catalan civetta, itself from Arabic zabād قط الزبّاد
  • clebs (slang for "dog") كلاب
  • coton ("cotton") : from Italian cotone, itself from Arabic qutun[24] قطن
  • cramoisi ("crimson") : alteration of Italian cremisi, itself from Arabic qirmizī "colour of the cochineal"[25] قرمزي
  • cuscute

D

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  • divan ديوان
  • douane ("customs") : from Old Italian doana, dovana, itself from Vulgar Arabic *duwān, alteration of dīwān, from Persian dīwān "customs"[26]
  • drogoman ترجمان

E

[edit]
  • écarlate أقر طي
  • échec (jeu d'échecs)
  • éden عدن
  • élixir الإكسير
  • émir أمير
  • épinard ("spinach") : maybe from Old Occitan spinarch, itself from Medieval Latin spinarchia, spinachium, borrowed from Spain Arabic isbināḫ, for asfanāḫ, isfināḫ, isfānâḫ, itself from Persian aspanāḫ, aspanāǧ, asfināǧ (FEW t. 19, pp. 11-12).[27]
  • erg عرق

F

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  • fakir فقير
  • fanfare ثرثار (brass band)
  • fanfaron From Spanish fanfarrón (boaster)
  • felouque (felucca) فلك ـ الفلك التي تجري في البحر
  • flouze (slang for money) فلوس

G

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  • gabelle
  • gala : from Spanish gala
  • gaze غاز
  • gazelle : from Arabic ghazâl (غزال)
  • gazette : from Italian gazetta غازات
  • genette
  • gerboise : ("Jerboa" )جربوع
  • gilet
  • girafe: from Italian giraffa, from Arabic zarâfah (زرافة)
  • goudron قطران
  • goule غول
  • guitare : from Spanish guitarra, itself from Arabic قيثارة
  • guitoune

H

[edit]
  • hammam: from Arabic [ʜamˈmaːm] حمّام bathroom
  • harem حرم
  • hasard زهر النرد (Dice)
  • haschisch: from Arabic [ʜaˈʃiːʃ] حشسيش grass
  • henné: from Arabic: [ˈʜanna] حنّة

J

[edit]
  • jarre جرة
  • jasmin ياسمين
  • jupe, jupon : from south Italian jupa "jacket" (Medieval Latin juppum), variant form of Italian giubba, itself from Arabic ǧubba[28] « جبة

K

[edit]
  • Kif-Kif كيف ـ كيف (the same)
  • kermès قرمز
  • kohol كحول

L

[edit]
  • laiton
  • laque
  • lascar
  • lilas الياف
  • limonade ليموناضة
  • loukoum حلقوم
  • luth عود

M

[edit]
  • maboule (mad, crazy) مهبول
  • macramé مقرمة (macrame)
  • magasin (مخزن (مغازة magazine
  • marabout خرابط
  • marcassite مرقشيثا (marcasite)
  • maroquin المغرب morocco
  • massepain (مرزبانية (حلوى لوز وسكر (Marzipan)
  • massicot مقصلة (guillotine)
  • matelas مطرح
  • matraque مطرقة
  • méchoui مشوي
  • mesquin مسكين
  • mohair (المخيّر (موهير (mohair)
  • moire, moiré
  • momie مومياء (Mummy)
  • mosquée مسجد
  • mouchtefert[clarification needed]
  • mousseline موصلي (Muslin)
  • mousson موسم (monsoon)
  • mulâtre
  • muscade

N

[edit]
  • nabab نائب
  • nacre نقر
  • nadir نظير
  • naphte نفط
  • natron النطرون
  • nénufar
  • noria
  • nouba نوبة

O

[edit]
  • orange نارنج
  • ouate

P

[edit]
  • pastèque بطيخ

R

[edit]
  • raquette الراحة
  • razzia غزوة
  • récif رصيف
  • riz ارز

S

[edit]
  • saccharine سكر
  • safari سفاري
  • safran زعفران
  • salamalec السلام عليكم
  • santal صندل
  • saphir صفير
  • sarbacane زربطانة
  • satin from Arabic الزيتون a city in China called Citong
  • savate سبّاط (Savate)
  • séné (نبات السنا)
  • sirop شراب
  • smala زملة
  • sofa صُفّة
  • sorbet from Persian شربة (from Arabic شراب(syrup))
  • soude الصودا (Soda)
  • souk سوق
  • sucre سكر
  • sultan سلطان

T

[edit]
  • taffetas : التفتة taffeta
  • talc : طلق (ṭalq)
  • talisman : طلسم (ṭilasm)
  • tare : طرح (ṭarḥ)
  • tarif : تعريفة (taʿrīfa)
  • timbale : طبل (ṭabl)
  • toubib : طبيب (ṭabīb) (doctor)
  • truchement : ترجمان (tarjumān)

V

[edit]
  • varan
  • vizir وزير

Z

[edit]
  • zénith السمت
  • zéro صفر

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ "ABRICOT : Etymologie de ABRICOT".
  2. ^ "ADOBE : Etymologie de ADOBE".
  3. ^ "ALBACORE : Etymologie de ALBACORE".
  4. ^ "ALCHIMIE : Etymologie de ALCHIMIE".
  5. ^ "ALCOOL : Etymologie de ALCOOL".
  6. ^ "ALCOVE : Etymologie de ALCOVE".
  7. ^ "ALAMBIC : Etymologie de ALAMBIC".
  8. ^ "ALEZAN : Etymologie de ALEZAN".
  9. ^ "ALGÈBRE : Etymologie de ALGÈBRE". www.cnrtl.fr. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
  10. ^ "ALGORITHME : Etymologie de ALGORITHME".
  11. ^ "ALIDADE : Etymologie de ALIDADE".
  12. ^ "ALMANACH : Etymologie de ALMANACH".
  13. ^ "AMBRE : Etymologie de AMBRE".
  14. ^ "AMIRAL : Etymologie de AMIRAL".
  15. ^ "ANIL : Etymologie de ANIL".
  16. ^ "ARSENAL : Etymologie de ARSENAL".
  17. ^ "ARTICHAUT : Etymologie de ARTICHAUT".
  18. ^ "ASSASSIN : Etymologie de ASSASSIN".
  19. ^ "AUBERGINE : Etymologie de AUBERGINE".
  20. ^ "AVARIE : Etymologie de AVARIE".
  21. ^ "AZUR : Etymologie de AZUR".
  22. ^ "CAFÉ : Etymologie de CAFÉ". www.cnrtl.fr. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
  23. ^ "ÉCHEC : Etymologie de ÉCHEC". www.cnrtl.fr. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
  24. ^ "COTON : Etymologie de COTON".
  25. ^ "CRAMOISI : Etymologie de CRAMOISI".
  26. ^ "DOUANE : Etymologie de DOUANE".
  27. ^ "ÉPINARD : Etymologie de ÉPINARD". www.cnrtl.fr. Retrieved 27 March 2023.
  28. ^ "JUPE : Etymologie de JUPE".
[edit]
Look up Category:French_terms_derived_from_Arabic in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
For a list of words relating to with Arabic language origins, see the Arabic derivations category of words in Wiktionary, the free dictionary.
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