From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
This is an incomplete list of notable drivers that have made at least one start in Champ Car racing. Drivers are listed under only one era, even if their careers spanned more than one.
AAA era (1902–1955)[ edit ]
Name
Nation
Seasons
Championship titles
Races (Starts)
Poles
Wins
Podiums
Points
George Abell
United States
1927
0
1
0
0
0
5
Art Adair
United States
1939
0
1
0
0
0
0
Bert Adams
United States
1911
0
1 (0)
0
0
0
0
F. L. Adams
United States
1913
0
1 (0)
0
0
0
0
George Adams
United States
1916
0
5 (3)
0
0
0
55
Joe Adas
United States
1950
0
1 (0)
0
0
0
0
Walt Adaer
United States
1946 -1950
0
41 (33)
0
5
18
1230
Fred Agabashian
United States
1947 -1955
0
28 (25)
2
1
1
2065.7
Frank Agan
United States
1911
0
1
0
0
0
0
Emil Agarz
United States
1916
0
2 (1)
0
0
0
0
A. C. Aiken
United States
1932
0
1 (0)
0
0
0
0
George Ainslee
United States
1912
0
1
0
0
0
0
Johnny Aitken
United States
1909 -1911 , 1915 -1916
0
24 (23)
1
8
12
4155
Pietro Alberti
United States
1939
0
1
0
0
0
0
Bill Albertson
United States
1922 , 1928 -1930
0
4 (2)
0
0
0
80
Bill Aldridge
United States
1915
0
1 (0)
0
0
0
0
H. F. Alexander
United States
1919
0
1 (0)
0
0
0
0
W. Alexander
United States
1913
0
1
0
0
0
0
George Armstrong
United States
1909
0
1
0
0
0
0
Billy Arnold
United States
1928 -1932
1 (1930 )
17
4
3
4
1203.5
Charlie Arnold
United States
1909
0
2
0
1
0
135
Henry Banks
United States
1935 -1954
1 (1950 )
58 (43)
1
1
9
4019.1
Charles Basle
United States
1909 -1911 , 1921
0
10 (9)
0
0
0
70
Fred Belcher
United States
1909 -1911
0
4
0
0
0
60
Harry Bell
United States
1909
0
1
0
0
0
0
Erwin Bergdoll
United States
1909 , 1911 -1915
0
11 (8)
0
1
4
980
Louis Bergdoll
United States
1909
0
1
0
0
0
0
Maurice Bernin
France
1905
0
1
0
0
1
1
Tony Bettenhausen
United States
1941 -1955
1 (1951 )
79 (68)
12
19
25
7286.3
Fred Betz
United States
1909 , 1911
0
2
1
0
1
0
Charles Bigelow
United States
1909 , 1911
0
6 (4)
2
1
1
215
David Bonney
United States
1909
0
1
0
0
0
90
William Bourque
Canada
1909
0
2
0
0
1
420
George Bradbeer
United States
1909
0
1
0
0
0
0
B. Breig
United States
1909
0
1
0
0
0
0
Harold Brinker
United States
1909 , 1917
0
2 (1)
0
0
1
320
Jimmy Bryan
United States
1951 -1955
1 (1954 )
38 (35)
1
12
19
5171.4
Bob Burman
United States
1909 -1916
0
47 (41)
0
6
15
3310
Charles Burman
United States
1905
0
1
0
1
1
4
Bob Carey
United States
1932
1 (1932 )
6
1
2
3
815
Emanuel Cedrino
Italy
1905
0
2
0
0
2
4
Arthur Chevrolet
United States
1909
0
1
0
0
0
0
Gaston Chevrolet
United States
1916 -1920
1 (1920 )
20 (15)
0
4
7
2202
Walter Christie
United States
1905
0
1 (0)
0
0
0
0
Carl Christensen
United States
1909
0
1
0
0
0
0
Sam Christopherson
United States
1909
0
3
1
0
2
140
Jap Clemens
United States
1909 -1910
0
5 (4)
0
0
2
320
Harry Cobe
United States
1909 , 1911
0
4
0
0
0
40
Ralph Coburn
United States
1905
0
1 (0)
0
0
0
0
John Coffey
United States
1909
0
2
1
0
0
0
Harry Cohen
United States
1909 -1910
0
3
0
0
2
95
Earl Cooper
United States
1911 -1927
3 (1913 , 1915 , 1917 )
94 (89)
5
21
39
13785
Thomas Costello
United States
1909 , 1912
0
3
0
0
2
180
Howard Covey
United States
1909
0
2
0
1
1
100
J. A. Crowell
United States
1905
0
1 (0)
0
0
0
0
Bill Cummings
United States
1930 -1938
1 (1934 )
36 (35)
10
6
15
3397.9
George Dade
United States
1909
0
1
0
0
0
0
Harry Davis
United States
1909
0
1
0
0
0
0
H. A. De Vaux
France
1909
0
1 (0)
0
0
0
0
Tobin DeHymel
United States
1909 -1910
0
3 (2)
0
0
0
25
Al Denison
United States
1909
0
2 (1)
0
0
0
0
Ralph DePalma
United States
1909 -1933
2 (1912 , 1914 )
117 (100)
9
25
37
11875
Pete DePaolo
United States
1922 -1931 , 1934
2 (1925 , 1927 )
62 (55)
5
10
21
6480
George DeWitt
United States
1909
0
4 (2)
0
0
1
110
Bert Dingley
United States
1909 -1912 , 1914
0
19 (17)
1
3
10
1938
Louis Disbrow
United States
1909 -1915
0
20 (19)
0
4
8
1730
Martin Dooley
United States
1909
0
1
0
0
0
0
Joe Downey
United States
1909
0
2 (1)
0
0
0
0
Robert Drach
United States
1909 -1910
0
4
1
0
0
20
George Draper
United States
1905
0
1 (0)
0
0
0
0
Harmon Droge
United States
1909
0
1
0
0
1
60
Chris Dundee
United States
1909
0
1
0
0
0
0
Frank Durbin
United States
1905
0
1
0
0
1
1
Fred Ellis
United States
1909 -1911
0
5 (4)
0
0
0
0
C. A. Englebeck
United States
1909
0
1
0
0
0
70
Jack Finch
United States
1909
0
1
0
0
1
60
Jack Fleming
United States
1909 -1911
0
5
0
1
3
840
Harry Fletcher
United States
1905
0
1 (0)
0
0
0
0
Martin Fletcher
United States
1909
0
1
0
0
0
90
James Florida
United States
1909
0
2
0
0
0
80
Frank Free
United States
1909
0
2
0
0
1
80
Frank Gelnaw
United States
1909 -1911
0
8 (6)
0
1
1
450
Elmer Gerald
United States
1909
0
1 (0)
0
0
0
0
Howard Gill
United States
1909
0
2 (1)
0
0
0
0
Harry Grant
United States
1909 -1915
0
27 (23)
2
2
4
2170
Arthur Greiner
United States
1909 -1911
0
7 (4)
0
0
1
290
Robert Greer
United States
1909
0
1
0
0
0
40
Joseph Grinnon
United States
1909
0
1
1
0
0
0
Al Hall
United States
1909
0
1 (0)
0
0
0
0
Elbert J. Hall
United States
1909
0
1
0
0
0
0
Howard Hall
United States
1909 , 1911
0
2
0
0
0
0
Ralph Hamlin
United States
1909
0
2
0
0
0
30
Sam Hanks
United States
1939 -1955
1 (1953 )
59 (41)
1
3
14
4569.4
Harris Hanshue
United States
1909
0
10 (9)
2
1
3
900
Hugh Harding
United States
1909 -1910
0
3
0
0
1
123
Harry Harkness
United States
1915
0
1 (0)
0
0
0
0
Charles Harris
United States
1909
0
1
0
0
0
0
H. O. Harrison
United States
1909
0
1 (0)
0
0
0
0
R. P. Harrison
United States
1909
0
1
0
0
0
0
W. Harrison
United States
1909
0
2 (1)
0
0
0
0
Ray Harroun
United States
1909 -1911
1 (1910 )
18 (17)
0
4
9
2510
Harry Hartz
United States
1921 -1927
1 (1926 )
76 (74)
3
7
39
8593
L. B. Harvey
United States
1909
0
1
0
0
0
0
Willie Haupt
United States
1909 , 1911 , 1913 -1915 , 1919 -1920
0
13 (11)
0
0
1
155
E. O. Hayes
United States
1909
0
1
0
0
0
0
Eddie Hearne
United States
1909 -1928
1 (1923 )
113 (106)
2
11
43
8190
Victor Hémery
France
1911
0
1
0
0
0
0
William Hilliard
United States
1905
0
1 (0)
0
0
0
0
Ted Horn
United States
1934 -1948
3 (1946 , 1947 , 1948 )
78 (72)
7
24
49
10093
Charles Howard
United States
1909
0
1
0
0
0
15
Elmer Huber
United States
1909
0
1
0
0
0
0
Hughie Hughes
United Kingdom
1909 , 1911 -1915
0
37 (28)
1
4
12
2820
Guy Irwin
United States
1909
0
1
0
0
0
0
Webb Jay
United States
1905
0
4
0
1
3
7
Bruce Keen
United States
1909 , 1911
0
2
0
1
2
440
Tom Kincade
United States
1909 -1910
0
8
0
2
3
695
C. O. King
United States
1909 , 1911
0
2 (1)
1
0
0
0
Earl Kiser
United States
1905
0
1 (0)
0
0
0
0
Willie Knipper
United States
1909 -1915
0
10 (9)
0
1
3
575
Elmer Knox
United States
1909 , 1913
0
3
1
0
0
55
Bert Latham
United States
1909
0
1
0
0
0
140
Malin Leinau
United States
1909
0
1
0
0
0
0
Frank Lescault
United States
1909
0
1
0
1
1
400
W. C. Longstreth
United States
1909
0
1 (0)
0
0
0
0
Harry Lord
United States
1909
0
1
0
0
0
0
Lee Lorimer
United States
1909
0
3
1
0
0
0
Charles Lund
United States
1909
0
1
0
0
1
210
Leigh Lynch
United States
1909 -1910
0
4 (3)
0
1
3
770
Herbert Lytle
United States
1905 , 1909 -1911
0
9 (8)
0
1
3
312
Alvin Maisonville
United States
1909 -1911
0
3
1
0
0
45
Morris Martin
United States
1909
0
1
0
0
0
0
E. Linn Mathewson
United States
1909
0
1 (0)
0
0
0
0
Joe Matson
United States
1909 -1912
0
7
0
1
1
535
Rex Mays
United States
1934 -1941 , 1946 -1949
2 (1940 , 1941 )
61 (57)
20
8
11
5988.7
William McCulla
United States
1909
0
1
0
0
0
0
Clarence McKeague
United States
1909 , 1911
0
2
0
0
0
30
Eaton McMillan
United States
1909
0
1
0
1
1
600
L. G. Mecklem
United States
1909
0
1
0
0
0
0
Charlie Merz
United States
1909 -1913 , 1916
0
20 (18)
1
3
10
2390
Louis Meyer
United States
1926 -1939
3 (1928 , 1929 , 1933 )
37 (33)
0
8
11
5503.9
Harry Michener
United States
1909 , 1911
0
2
0
0
1
170
Bert Miller
United States
1909
0
3 (1)
1
0
0
80
Major Miller
United States
1905
0
1 (0)
0
0
0
0
Tommy Milton
United States
1916 -1927
1 (1922 )
107 (102)
5
20
50
11213
Ralph Mulford
United States
1910 -1922 , 1924 , 1926
2 (1911 , 1918 )
97 (87)
2
19
42
8228
Jimmy Murphy
United States
1919 -1924
2 (1922 , 1924 )
54 (52)
7
17
32
8495
Barney Oldfield
United States
1905 , 1909 -1918
1 (1905 )
57 (48)
5
7
16
3142
Johnnie Parsons
United States
1948 -1955
1 (1949 )
73 (55)
1
11
20
6266.2
Kelly Petillo
United States
1928 , 1932 -1941
1 (1935 )
27 (21)
2
4
4
1448
Dario Resta
United Kingdom
1915 -1919 , 1921 , 1923
1 (1916 )
38 (34)
3
10
18
7583
Floyd Roberts
United States
1934 -1939
1 (1938 )
11 (8)
2
1
3
1656.2
Montague Roberts
United States
1905 , 1909
0
4 (1)
0
0
1
2
George Robertson
United States
1909 -1910
1 (1909 )
6 (5)
0
2
4
1570
Mauri Rose
United States
1932 -1941 , 1946 -1951
1 (1936 )
41 (36)
1
6
14
5918
Paul Sartori
Italy
1905
0
2 (0)
0
0
0
0
Louis Schneider
United States
1927 -1933
1 (1931 )
22 (17)
0
1
2
712.5
Wilbur Shaw
United States
1927 -1941
2 (1937 , 1939 )
43 (38)
1
6
12
6442
Lewis Strang
United States
1909 -1911
0
13 (12)
2
1
2
580
Chuck Stevenson
United States
1949 -1954
1 (1952 )
47 (42)
3
4
12
4468.5
Bob Sweikert
United States
1950 -1955
1 (1955 )
41 (34)
6
4
13
3680
Guy Vaughan
United States
1905
0
3 (2)
0
1
2
5
Bill Vukovich
United States
1950 -1955
0
30 (22)
3
4
6
2881.8
Howdy Wilcox
United States
1910 -1916 , 1919 -1923
1 (1919 )
41 (36)
3
4
10
3203
Frank Wridgeway
United States
1905
0
1
0
0
1
1
Dan Wurgis
United States
1905
0
5 (4)
0
0
3
6
USAC era (1956–1978)[ edit ]
CART era (1979–2003)[ edit ]
Name
Nation
Seasons
Championship titles
Races (Starts)
Poles
Wins
Podiums
Points
Kenny Acheson
United Kingdom
1984
0
3 (1)
0
0
0
0
Bobby Adkins
United States
1981
0
1 (0)
0
0
0
0
Mark Alderson
United States
1982
0
1 (0)
0
0
0
0
Bill Alsup
United States
1979 -1984
0
65 (58)
0
0
3
1859
Jeff Andretti
United States
1990 -1994
0
23 (21)
0
0
0
26
John Andretti
United States
1987 -1994
0
73
0
1
2
26
Michael Andretti
United States
1983 -2002
1 (1991 )
317
32
42
99
2488
Mario Andretti
United States
1979 -1994
1 (1984 )
208
29
19
63
2847
Éric Bachelart
Belgium
1992 -1993 , 1995
0
26 (24)
0
0
0
19
Tom Bagley
United States
1979 -1980
0
25 (24)
0
0
0
2002
Fabrizio Barbazza
Italy
1987 , 1989 , 1992
0
27 (25)
0
0
1
49
Alex Barron
United States
1998 -2001
0
36 (34)
0
0
0
16
Gary Bettenhausen
United States
1979 -1994 , 1996
0
53 (45)
0
0
2
1255
Tony Bettenhausen Jr.
United States
1979 -1993
0
128 (113)
0
0
1
280
Mark Blundell
United Kingdom
1996 -2000
0
80
0
3
5
219
Raul Boesel
Brazil
1985 -1999
0
172 (171)
3
0
5
730
Scott Brayton
United States
1981 -1995
0
152 (147)
2
0
1
306
Kenny Bräck
Sweden
2000 -2002
0
59
7
5
13
445
Phil Caliva
United States
1979 -1984
0
19 (10)
0
0
0
107
Patrick Carpentier
Canada
1997 -2003
0
128 (127)
4
4
17
610
Dana Carter
United States
1979 -1980
0
2 (0)
0
0
0
0
Pancho Carter
United States
1979 -1992 , 1994
0
120 (116)
1
1
5
2697
Hélio Castroneves
Brazil
1998 -2001
0
79
7
6
10
354
Eddie Cheever
United States
1986 , 1990 -1995
0
82
0
0
4
70
Kevin Cogan
United States
1981 -1991 , 1993
0
117 (116)
0
1
7
448
Dale Coyne
United States
1984 -1989 , 1991
0
67 (34)
0
0
0
3
Wally Dallenbach Jr.
United States
1987 , 1990
0
4
0
0
0
3
Derek Daly
Ireland
1982 -1989
0
67 (66)
0
0
1
147
Luis Diaz
Mexico
2002 -2003
0
2
0
0
0
0
Scott Dixon
New Zealand
2001 -2002
0
39
0
1
3
195
Fredrik Ekblom
Sweden
1994 -1996
0
3
0
0
0
0
Teo Fabi
Italy
1983 -1984 , 1988 -1990 , 1992 -1996
0
119 (118)
9
5
12
613
Juan Manuel Fangio II
Argentina
1995 -1997
0
37
0
0
0
20
Adrián Fernández
Mexico
1993 -2003
0
180
3
8
21
878
Gil de Ferran
Brazil
1995 -2001
2 (2000 , 2001 )
129
16
7
34
864
Christian Fittipaldi
Brazil
1995 -2002
0
129
1
2
20
671
Emerson Fittipaldi
Brazil
1984 -1996
1 (1989 )
196 (195)
16
22
43
1508
Stan Fox
United States
1984 -1995
0
21 (13)
0
0
0
11
Dario Franchitti
United Kingdom
1997 -2002
0
114
11
10
32
727
Tom Frantz
United States
1979 -1982
0
15 (9)
0
0
0
236
Chip Ganassi
United States
1981 -1986
0
27 (25)
0
0
3
90
Josele Garza
Mexico
1980 -1987
0
91 (88)
0
0
1
274
Spike Gehlhausen
United States
1979 -1988
0
39 (31)
0
0
3
1067
Memo Gidley
United States
1999 -2001
0
36
0
0
3
89
Scott Goodyear
Canada
1987 -1996
0
98 (97)
2
2
6
340
Robby Gordon
United States
1992 -1999
0
108 (106)
4
2
9
393
Marco Greco
Brazil
1993 -1996
0
46 (40)
0
0
0
7
Mike Groff
United States
1990 -1996
0
60 (54)
0
0
0
69
Carlos Guerrero
Mexico
1995 -1996
0
17
0
0
0
2
Roberto Guerrero
Colombia
1984 -1995
0
123 (118)
6
2
8
390
Maurício Gugelmin
Brazil
1993 -2001
0
148 (147)
4
1
9
453
Janet Guthrie
United States
1979 -1980
0
3 (1)
0
0
0
0
Bob Harkey
United States
1979 -1980 , 1982 -1983
0
7 (1)
0
0
0
0
Scott Harrington
United States
1989
0
3 (1)
0
0
0
0
Hurley Haywood
United States
1979 -1982
0
7 (5)
0
0
0
26
Richie Hearn
United States
1996 -1999
0
59
0
0
0
86
Bill Henderson
United States
1979 -1982
0
1 (0)
0
0
0
0
Bryan Herta
United States
1994 -2001 , 2003
0
122 (121)
7
2
10
436
Cliff Hucul
Canada
1979 -1981
0
6
0
0
0
90
Stefan Johansson
Sweden
1992 -1996
0
74
0
0
4
250
Gordon Johncock
United States
1979 -1985 , 1987 -1992
0
78 (73)
5
5
15
4194
Parker Johnstone
United States
1994 -1997
0
47 (45)
1
0
1
75
Davy Jones
United States
1987 , 1989 , 1993 -1995
0
17 (16)
0
0
0
11
P. J. Jones
United States
1996 -1999
0
59 (58)
0
0
1
48
Michel Jourdain
Mexico
1980 -1981
0
3 (2)
0
0
0
6
Michel Jourdain Jr.
Mexico
1996 -2003
0
139 (138)
1
2
7
361
Tony Kanaan
Brazil
1996 -2003
0
95 (93)
4
1
6
393
Sheldon Kinser
United States
1979 -1980 , 1982
0
14 (12)
0
0
0
697
Steve Krisiloff
United States
1979 , 1981 , 1983 -1984
0
17 (14)
0
0
0
297
Jeff Krosnoff
United States
1996
0
11
0
0
0
0
Lee Kunzman
United States
1979 -1980 , 1983
0
13 (9)
0
0
1
635
Eddie Lawson
United States
1996
0
11
0
0
0
26
Buddy Lazier
United States
1989 -1996
0
73 (55)
0
0
0
17
JJ Lehto
Finland
1998
0
19
0
0
0
25
Al Loquasto
United States
1979 -1980 , 1982 -1984
0
11 (6)
0
0
1
75
Arie Luyendyk
Netherlands
1984 -1995 , 1997
0
146 (143)
1
3
13
625
Jan Magnussen
Denmark
1996 , 1999
0
11
0
0
0
13
Nigel Mansell
United Kingdom
1993 -1994
1 (1993 )
32 (31)
10
5
13
279
Darren Manning
United Kingdom
2002 -2003
0
19
0
0
1
107
Tarso Marques
Brazil
1999 -2000
0
24 (23)
0
0
0
15
John Martin
United States
1979 -1980
0
8 (6)
0
0
0
56
Hiro Matsushita
Japan
1990 -1998
0
124 (117)
0
0
0
37
Jim McElreath
United States
1979 -1984
0
19 (13)
0
0
0
249
Graham McRae
New Zealand
1983 -1984 , 1987
0
6 (2)
0
0
0
0
Casey Mears
United States
2000 -2001
0
5
0
0
0
19
Rick Mears
United States
1979 -1992
3 (1979 , 1981 , 1982 )
180 (179)
39
26
68
8642
Roger Mears
United States
1979 -1984
0
33 (29)
0
0
0
418
Tiago Monteiro
Portugal
2003
0
18 (17)
0
0
0
29
Juan Pablo Montoya
Colombia
1999 -2000
1 (1999 )
40
14
10
13
338
Greg Moore
Canada
1996 -2000
0
72
5
5
18
433
Roberto Moreno
Brazil
1985 -1986 , 1994 -2001 , 2003
0
121 (119)
2
2
12
429
Shinji Nakano
Japan
2000 -2002
0
57 (56)
0
0
0
66
Danny Ongais
United States
1979 -1980 , 1982 -1987
0
59 (52)
0
0
3
2155
Max Papis
Italy
1996 -2000
0
115 (113)
2
3
11
439
Johnny Parsons
United States
1979 -1995
0
38 (25)
0
0
0
96
Scott Pruett
United States
1988 -1993 , 1995 -1999
0
147 (145)
5
2
15
687
Bobby Rahal
United States
1982 -1998
3 (1986 , 1987 , 1992 )
266 (264)
17
24
88
2320
Willy T. Ribbs
United States
1984 -1985 , 1990 -1994
0
49 (46)
0
0
0
41
André Ribeiro
Brazil
1995 -1998
0
69 (68)
2
3
4
172
Larry Rice
United States
1979 -1980 , 1982
0
8 (5)
0
0
0
105
Tim Richmond
United States
1979 -1980
0
10 (8)
0
0
0
321
Gonzalo Rodríguez
Uruguay
1999
0
2 (1)
0
0
0
1
Johnny Rutherford
United States
1979 -1992 , 1994
1 (1980 )
117 (107)
8
10
20
7243
Eliseo Salazar
Chile
1995 -1996
0
21 (20)
0
0
0
21
Mika Salo
Finland
2003
0
4
0
0
1
26
Vern Schuppan
Australia
1979 -1982
0
22 (19)
0
0
0
1277
Billy Scott
United States
1979
0
2 (1)
0
0
0
20
Dick Simon
United States
1979 -1988 , 1995
0
90 (78)
0
0
0
295
Tom Sneva
United States
1979 -1992
0
130 (127)
4
10
28
4977
George Snider
United States
1979 -1983 , 1985 -1990 , 1992
0
15 (12)
0
0
0
30
Danny Sullivan
United States
1982 , 1984 -1993 , 1995
1 (1988 )
172 (170)
19
17
40
1156
Lyn St. James
United States
1992 -1995
0
12 (11)
0
0
0
2
Toranosuke Takagi
Japan
2001 -2002
0
39 (38)
0
0
0
81
Paul Tracy
Canada
1991 -2003
1 (2003 )
212 (209)
19
26
59
1426
Al Unser
United States
1979 -1994
2 (1983 , 1985 )
117 (113)
4
4
27
3923
Al Unser Jr.
United States
1982 -2003
2 (1990 , 1994 )
275 (273)
7
31
80
2253
Bobby Unser
United States
1979 -1981
0
37 (36)
14
10
20
7633
Jimmy Vasser
United States
1992 -2003
1 (1996 )
205 (204)
8
10
30
1137
Jacques Villeneuve
Canada
1994 -1995
1 (1995 )
33
6
5
10
266
Bill Vukovich II
United States
1979 -1984
0
16 (13)
0
0
0
104
Desiré Wilson
South Africa
1983 -1984 , 1986
0
14 (11)
0
0
0
3
Alex Yoong
Malaysia
2003
0
4
0
0
0
4
Alessandro Zanardi
Italy
1996 -1998 , 2001
2 (1997 , 1998 )
67 (66)
10
15
28
636
CCWS (Champ Car World Series) era (2004–2007)[ edit ]