List of composers by nationality

The following is a list of composers by nationality.

Albania

Simon Gjoni (1926–1991), composer of orchestral and piano pieces
Tonin Harapi (1925–1991)
Agim Krajka (1937–2021), composer of the National Song Festival
Aleksandër Peçi (born 1951)
Çesk Zadeja (1927–1997), often nicknamed the "Father of Albanian music"

Argentina

Antonio Agri (1932–1998)
Tito Alberti (1923–2009)
Amancio Jacinto Alcorta (1805–1862)
Casimiro Alcorta (1840–1913)
Athy (harpist) (born 1984)
Luis Bacalov (1933–2017)
Gato Barbieri (1932–2016)
Lautaro Bellucca (born 1986)
José Bragato (1915–2017)
Claudia Brant (born 1966)
Jorge Calandrelli (born 1939)
Sergio Calligaris (born 1941)
Miguel Caló (1907–1972)
Francisco de Caro (1898–1976)
Julio de Caro (1899–1980)
Cacho Castaña (1942–2019)
Cátulo Castillo (1906–1975)
Juan José Castro (1895–1968)
Guillermo Carlos Cazenave (born 1955)
Alejandro Civilotti (born 1959)
Tránsito Cocomarola (1918–1974)
Al Conti (born 1968)
Ellen C. Covito (born 1974)
Eloísa D'Herbil (1847–1943)
Lucio Demare (1906–1974)
Enrique Santos Discépolo (1901–1951)
Celestino Piaggio (1886–1931)
Fernando Egozcue (born 1959)
Pablo Elorza (born 1982)
Sebastián Escofet (born 1968)
Juan Pedro Esnaola (1808–1878)
Mariano Etkin (1943–2016)
Don Fabian
Eduardo Falú (1923–2013)
Juan Falú (born 1948)
Lourdes Cecilia Fernández (born 1981)
Juan de Dios Filiberto (1885–1964)
Roberto Firpo (1884–1969)
Enrique Mario Francini (1916–1978)
Carlos Franzetti (born 1948)
Osvaldo Fresedo (1897–1984)
Gerardo Gandini (1936–2013)
Juan Garcia Estrada (1895–1961)
Augusto Gentile (1891–1932)
Gilardo Gilardi (1889–1963)
Alberto Ginastera (1916–1983), ballet, classical
Carlos Grätzer (born 1956)
Vicente Greco (1888–1924)
Adrián Iaies (born 1960)
César Isella (1938–2021)
Mauricio Kagel (1931–2008)
Emilio Kauderer
Gaby Kerpel (born 1965)
Guillermo Klein (born 1969)
Marcelo Koc (1918–2006)
Bernardo Kuczer (born 1955)
Martin Kutnowski
Marta Lambertini (1937–2019)
Pablo Lescano (born 1977)
Analia Llugdar (born 1972)
Enrique Maciel (1897–1962)
Isidro B. Maiztegui (1905–1996)
Héctor Marcó (1906–1987)
Martín Matalon (born 1958)
Esteban Mellino (1945–2008)
Rosita Melo (1897–1981)
Rosendo Mendizábal (1868–1913)
Sandra Mihanovich (born 1957)
Silvina Milstein (born 1956)
Ben Molar (1915–2015)
Cholo Montironi (born 1931)
Mariano Mores (1918–2016)
Ricardo Moyano (born 1961)
Martin Musaubach (born 1982)
Fernando Otero (born 1972)
Juan Pampin (born 1967)
Fabián Panisello (born 1963)
Ettore Panizza (1875–1967)
Blas Parera (1777–1840)
Amy Patterson (1912–2019)
Paula Nenette Pepin (1908–1990)
Marcelo Peralta (1961–2020)
Osmán Pérez Freire (1878–1930)
Astor Piazzolla (1921–1992)
Raúl Porchetto (born 1949)
Osvaldo Pugliese (1905–1995)
Rodrigo Ratier (born 1969)
Sol Rezza (born 1982)
Tito Ribero (1915–1964)
Waldo de los Ríos (1934–1977)
Julián Robledo (1887–1940)
Zenón Rolón (1856–1902)
Enrique Saborido (1877–1941)
Gustavo Santaolalla (born 1951)
Sebastian Schneider (born 1982)
Pía Sebastiani (1925–2015)
Alberto Soriano (1915–1981)
Julio Sosa (guitarist)
Chango Spasiuk (born 1968)
Atilio Stampone (1926–2022)
Oscar Strasnoy (born 1970)
Daniel Tinte (born 1969)
Pil Trafa (born 1959)
Terig Tucci (1897–1973)
Elvino Vardaro (1905–1971)
Sebastian Volco (born 1973)
María Elena Walsh (1930–2011)
Alberto Williams (1862–1952)
Luis Zubillaga (1928–1995)

Armenia

Soghomon Soghomonian Komitas (26 Sept 1869 – 22 Oct 1935)

Australia

Roy Agnew (1898–1941)
Hugo Alpen (1842–1917
Brenton Broadstock (born 1952)
Arthur Chanter (1886–1950
Alice Charbonnet-Kellermann (1858–1914)
Percy Code (1888–1953)
Cesare Cutolo (1826–1867)
Vince Courtney (–1951)
George De Cairos Rego (1858–1946)
Ruby Claudia Davy (1883–1946)
George Savin De Chanéet (1861–1926)
John Albert Delany (1852–1907)
Herbert De Pinna (1880–1936)
Frederick Ellard (1824–1874)
Mary Finsterer (born 1962)
Edwin Fowles (1871–1945)
Percy Grainger (1882–1961)
Stuart Greenbaum (born 1966)
Christian Helleman (1880–1954)
Alfred Hill (1869–1960)
Phillip Houghton (1954–2017)
Guglielmo Enrico Lardelli (1857–1910)
Louis Lavater (1867–1953)
Alexander Frame Lithgow (1870–1929)
Richard Meale (1932–2009)
Isaac Nathan (1791–1864)
Albert Bokhare Saunders (1880–1946)
Reginald Stoneham (1879–1942)
Joseph Summers (1839–1917)
May Summerbelle (1867–1914)
Peter Sculthorpe (1929–2014)
Alfred Wheeler (1865–1949)
Nigel Westlake (born 1958)

Azerbaijan

Fikret Amirov (1922–1984)
Nariman Azimov (1936–2016)
Gara Garayev (1918–1982)
Uzeyir Hajibeyov (1885–1948)
Muslim Magomaev (1942–2008)
Soltan Hajibeyov (1919–1974)
Said Rustamov (1907–1983)
Rauf Hajiyev (1922–1995)
Jahangir Jahangirov (1921–1992)
Tofig Guliyev (1917–2000)
Vagif Mustafazade (1940–1979)
Rafig Babayev (1937–1994)
Arif Malikov (1933–2019)
Frangiz Ali-Zadeh (born 1947)
Jovdat Hajiyev (1917–2002)
Rauf Hajiyev (1922–1995)
Faraj Garayev (born 1943)

Belgium

Jean Absil (1893–1974)
Jean-Baptiste Accolay (1833–1900)
Karel Albert (1901–1987)
Flor Alpaerts (1875–1954)
August Baeyens (1895–1966)
Peter Benoit (1834–1901), founder of the Royal Conservatoire of Antwerp
Charles Auguste de Bériot (1802–1870), founder of the Belgian violin school
Jan Blockx (1851–1912), founder of the Antwerp Opera House
August de Boeck (1865–1937)
Luc Brewaeys (1959–2015)
Dirk Brossé (born 1960)
Boudewijn Buckinx (born 1945)
Joseph Callaerts (1830–1901)
Jacques Calonne (1930–2022)
Roland Cardon (1929–2001)
Jean de Castro (1540–1611)
Peeter Cornet (1575–1633)
Alain Crépin (born 1954)
Arthur De Greef (1862–1940)
Thierry De Mey (born 1956)
Eva Dell'Acqua (1856–1930)
Frédéric Devreese (1929–2020)
Albert Dupuis (1877–1967)
Sylvain Dupuis (1856–1931)
Johan Evenepoel (born 1965)
Ernest van der Eyken (1913–2010)
François-Joseph Fétis (1784–1871)
Jean-Joseph Fiocco (1696–1746)
Joseph-Hector Fiocco (1703–1741)
Bernard Foccroulle (born 1953)
Jacqueline Fontyn (born 1930)
François-Auguste Gevaert (1828–1908), composer of the Belgian colonial hymn
Frans Geysen (born 1936)
Pierre De Geyter (1848–1932)
Matthias Vanden Gheyn (1721–1785)
Paul Gilson (1865–1942)
Lucien Goethals (1932–2006)
Karel Goeyvaerts (1923–1999)
Jacques Gregoir (1817–1876)
André Grétry (1741–1813)
Albert Grisar (1808–1869)
Richard de Guide (1909–1962)
Carolus Hacquart (1640–1701)
Alphonse Hasselmans (1845–1912)
Wim Henderickx (born 1962)
Robert Herberigs (1886–1974)
Léonard de Hodémont (1575–1639)
Johan Hoogewijs (born 1957)
Luc van Hove (born 1957)
Walter Hus (born 1959)
Albert Huybrechts (1899–1938)
Heinrich Isaac (1450–1517)
Joseph Jongen (1873–1953)
Joannes Florentius a Kempis (1635–1711)
Pierre Kolp (born 1969)
André Laporte (born 1931)
Paul Lebrun (1863–1920)
Claude Ledoux (composer) (born 1960)
Pierre Leemans (1897–1980)
Vic Legley (1915–1994)
Guillaume Lekeu (1870–1894)
Jacques-Nicolas Lemmens (1823–1881)
Armand Limnander (1814–1892)
Jacques Loeillet (1685–1748)
Jean Baptiste Loeillet of Ghent (1688–1720)
Jef Maes (1905–1996)
Pierre van Maldere (1729–1768)
Paul de Maleingreau (1887–1956)
Martin Pierre Marsick (1847–1924)
Martin-Joseph Mengal (1784–1851)
Wim Mertens (born 1953)
Karel Miry (1823–1889), composer of the Flemish national hymn
Jérôme-Joseph de Momigny (1762–1842)
Arie Van de Moortel (1918–1976)
Lodewijk Mortelmans (1868–1952)
Johannes Ockeghem (1410–1497)
Willy Ostijn (1913–1993)
Flor Peeters (1903–1986)
Marcel Poot (1901–1988)
Henri Pousseur (1929–2009)
Marcel Quinet (1915–1986)
Jean-Théodore Radoux (1835–1911)
Godfried-Willem Raes (born 1952)
Jan Rijspoort (late 16th century)
Peter Ritzen (born 1956)
Joseph Ryelandt (1870–1965)
Adolphe Samuel (1824–1898)
Adrien-François Servais (1807–1866)
André Souris (1899–1970)
Daniel Sternefeld (1905–1986)
André Stordeur (1941–2020)
Rudi Tas (born 1957)
Edgar Tinel (1854–1912)
Alexander Utendal (1543–1581)
Yolande Uyttenhove (1925–2000)
Johan Van Barel (born 1964)
François van Campenhout (1779–1848), composer of the Belgian National hymn
Jan Van der Roost (born 1956)
Jules Van Nuffel (1883–1953)
Annette Vande Gorne (born 1946)
Maurice Vaute (1913–2000)
Lucie Vellère (1896–1966)
Carl Verbraeken (born 1950), president of the Union of Belgian Composers
Henri Vieuxtemps (1820–1881)
Josée Vigneron-Ramackers (1914–2002)
Berthe di Vito-Delvaux (1915–2005)
Joséphine-Rosalie de Walckiers (1756–1836)
Henry Wyn
Eugène Ysaÿe (1858–1931)

Bolivia

Asunta Limpias de Parada (1915–1995)

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Sinan Alimanović (born 1954)
Anđelka Bego-Šimunić (born 1941)
Franciscus Bossinensis (1485–1535)
Rade Jovanović (1928–1986)
Vuk Kulenovic (1946–2017)
Mladen Milicevic (born 1958)
Dino Rešidbegović (born 1975)
Ališer Sijarić (born 1969)
Aleksa Šantić (1868–1924)
Dino Zonić (born ?)
Hanan Hadžajlić (born 1991)

Brazil

Ernani Aguiar (born 1950)
Jorge Antunes (born 1942)
Antônio Francisco Braga (1868–1945), composer of operas, piano and symphonic works.
Oscar Lorenzo Fernández (1897–1948)
Sílvio Ferraz (born 1959)
Antônio Carlos Gomes (1836–1896), celebrated opera composer in Italy, 19th century
Mozart Camargo Guarnieri (1907–1993)
José Maurício Nunes Garcia (1767–1830), composer of classical era; priest, wrote both sacred and secular music.
Radamés Gnatalli (1906–1988)
César Guerra-Peixe (1914–1993)
Osvaldo Lacerda (1927–2011)
Elias Álvares Lobo (1834–1901), composer of sacred and secular music; wrote first Brazilian opera.
Alexandre Levy (1864–1892)
Emerico Lobo de Mesquita (1746–1805)
Francisco Mignone (1897–1986)
Ronaldo Miranda (born 1948)
Alberto Nepomuceno (1864–1920)
Marlos Nobre (born 1939)
José Antônio Rezende de Almeida Prado (1943–2010)
Cláudio Santoro (1919–1989)
Heitor Villa-Lobos (1887–1959), one of the most performed Brazilian composers worldwide
José Carlos Amaral Vieira (born 1952)
Edson Zampronha (born 1963)

Bulgaria

Georgi Arnaoudov (born 1957), composer of stage, orchestral, chamber, film, vocal and piano music
Alexandra Fol (born 1981), composer and organist, currently writing her dissertation at McGill University's Schulich School of Music
Marin Goleminov (1908–2000), composer, violinist, conductor
Michail Goleminov (born 1956), composer, pianist, conductor, and co-founder of music publishing house The Orange Factory
Dobri Hristov (1875–1941), composer of choral music as well as music for the church and orchestra
Petar Krumov (born 1934), composer, arranger, conductor and expert on Bulgarian folk music
Filip Kutev (1903–1982), composer, arranger and founder of Bulgaria's State Ensemble for Folk Song and Dance
Kiril Lambov (born 1955) composer, pianist, and conductor
Milcho Leviev (1937–2019), composer, arranger, jazz performer and pianist
Emanuil Manolov (1860–1902), composed the first Bulgarian opera Siromahkinia based on the work of Ivan Vazov with the same title
Albena Petrovic-Vratchanska (born 1965), composer and director in Luxembourg, one of her most famous works is "Gladius"
Anna-Maria Ravnopolska-Dean (born 1960), composer, harpist, pedagogue
Petko Staynov (1896–1977), a founding member and first chairman of the Bulgarian Contemporary Music Society (1933), which later became the Union of Bulgarian Composers
Veselin Stoyanov (1902–1969), composer of classical music including two symphonies
Emil Tabakov (born 1947), composer of symphonies and concertos
Dobrinka Tabakova (born 1980), composer
Julia Tsenova (1948–2010), contemporary composer, pianist, jazz pedagogue
Georgi Tutev (1924–1994), composer of contemporary classical music, one of the main representatives of Bulgarian modernism
Pancho Vladigerov (1899–1978), a founding member of the Bulgarian Contemporary Music Society (1933)

Canada

Airat Ichmouratov (1973), composer, pedagogue, conductor, klezmer clarinetist

Chile

Jaime González (born 1956), composer and music educator^[1]
Víctor Jara (1932–1973), composer, pedagogue, theatre director, poet, singer-songwriter, and political activist
Juan Orrego-Salas (1919–2019)
Jorge Urrutia (1905–1981), composer, influenced by Claude Debussy and Maurice Ravel

China

Du Mingxin (born 1928), composer who collaborated on the ballet Red Detachment of Women
Nie Er (1912–1935), wrote March of the Volunteers, the national anthem of the People's Republic of China
Qu Xiao-Song (born 1952), composer, student of Du Mingxin
Xian Xinghai (1905–1945), composer known for the Yellow River Cantata, a patriotic song during the Second Sino-Japanese War
Xiao Shuxian (1905–1991), composer who blended elements of Chinese folk culture with Western techniques in her music

Colombia

Jacqueline Nova (1935–1975), pioneer on experimental music and Colombian feminist movement.

Croatia

Andrea Antico (c. 1480–1538)
Krešimir Baranović (1894–1975)
Blagoje Bersa (1873–1934)
Bruno Bjelinski (1909–1992)
Rudolf Brucci (1917–2002)
Arsen Dedić (1938–2015)
Dubravko Detoni (born 1937)
Jakov Gotovac (1895–1982)
Josip Hatze (1879–1959)
Žiga Hirschler (1894–1941)
Đelo Jusić (1939–2019)
Alfi Kabiljo (born 1935)
Milko Kelemen (1924–2018), contemporary composer
Ivana Kiš (born 1979)
Franjo Krežma (1862–1881)
Igor Kuljerić (1938–2006)
Ivana Lang (Zagreb, 1912 – Zagreb, 1982), composer, pianist and piano teacher.
Vatroslav Lisinski (1819–1854), 19th-century composer and co–founder of "Illyrian Movement"
Ferdo Livadić (1799–1879)
Nada Ludvig-Pečar (1929–2008)
Ivan Lukačić (1584–1648), renaissance composer
Josip Mandić (1883–1959)
Ivan Matetić Ronjgov (1880–1960)
Boris Papandopulo (1914–1986), 20th-century composer
Dora Pejačević (1885–1923), late-romantic composer
Dragan Plamenac (1895–1983)
Elena Pucić-Sorkočević (1786–1865)
Vjekoslav Rosenberg-Ružić (1870–1954)
Marko Rothmüller (1908–1993)
Josif Runjanin (1821–1878)
Milan Sachs (1884–1968)
Antun Sorkočević (1775–1841)
Luka Sorkočević (1734–1789)
Josip Štolcer-Slavenski (1896–1955)
Stjepan Šulek (1906–1991), 20th-century composer
Ivo Tijardović (1895–1976)
Marko Tomasović (composer) (born 1976), 21st-century composer
Marcel Tyberg (1893–1944), composer who lived in Abbazia (formerly in Italy), now called Opatija, Croatia
Albe Vidaković (1914–1964)
Ivan Zajc (1832–1914)

Cuba

Hilario González (1920-1999)^[2]

Cyprus

Nicolas Economou (1953–1993), composer and conductor

Czech Republic

Antonín Dvořák (1841–1904)
Heinrich Wilhelm Ernst (1812–1865)

Denmark

Niels Gade (1817–1890)
Carl Nielsen (1865–1931)

Dominican Republic

Luis Alberti (1906–1976) composer of Merengue music
Charytín (born 1949), significant 1970s pop music composer
Juan Luis Guerra (born 1957) significant contemporary merengue and pop ballad composer
Johnny Pacheco (born 1935) composer of Salsa music
Anthony Santos (born 1981) significant bachata composer
Sandra Zaiter (born 1943) significant children's songs composer

Ecuador

Mesías Maiguashca (born 1938)

Egypt

Sayed Darwish (1892–1923)
Mohamed El Qasabgi (1892–1966)
Zakariya Ahmad (1896–1961)
Mohammed Abdel Wahab (1901–1991)
Riad Al Sunbati (1906–1981)

Estonia

Arvo Pärt (born 1935)

Finland

Kalevi Aho (born 1949)
Erik Bergman (1911–2006)
Kaj Chydenius (born 1939)
Bernhard Henrik Crusell (1775–1838)
Henrik Otto Donner (1939–2013)
Einar Englund (1916–1999)
Paavo Heininen (1938–2022)
Eero Hämeenniemi (born 1951)
Armas Järnefelt (1869–1958)
Jouni Kaipainen (1956–2015)
Robert Kajanus (1856–1933)
Yrjö Kilpinen (1892–1959)
Uuno Klami (1900–1961)
Joonas Kokkonen (1921–1996)
Olli Kortekangas (born 1955)
Toivo Kuula (1883–1918)
Ilkka Kuusisto (born 1933)
Armas Launis (1884–1959)
Helvi Leiviskä (1902–1982)
Magnus Lindberg (born 1958)
Leevi Madetoja (1887–1947)
Tauno Marttinen (1912–2008)
Erkki Melartin (1875–1937)
Aarre Merikanto (1893–1958)
Oskar Merikanto (1868–1924)
Usko Meriläinen (1930–2004)
Pehr Henrik Nordgren (1944–2008)
Fredrik Pacius (1809–1891), moved to Finland at the age of 25, composer of Finnish national anthem
Selim Palmgren (1878–1951)
Jorma Panula (born 1930)
Ernest Pingoud (1887–1942), born in St. Petersburg
Tauno Pylkkänen (1918–1980)
Väinö Raitio (1891–1945)
Einojuhani Rautavaara (1928–2016)
Kaija Saariaho (born 1952)
Aulis Sallinen (born 1935)
Erkki Salmenhaara (1941–2002)
Esa-Pekka Salonen (born 1958)
Leif Segerstam (born 1944)
Jean Sibelius (1865–1957), significant Finnish nationalist composer
Jukka Tiensuu (born 1948)
Erik Tulindberg (1761–1814)
Martin Wegelius (1846–1906)
Lotta Wennäkoski (born 1970)

France

Yann Pierre Tiersen (23 June 1970-present)

Germany

Greece

Jani Christou (1926–1970)
Manos Hatzidakis (1925–1994)
Manolis Kalomiris (1883–1962), classical composer. He was the founder of the Greek National School of Music.
Stefanos Korkolis (born 1960)
Nikolaos Lavdas (1879–1940)
Nikolaos Mantzaros (1795–1872), composer of the Greek national anthem
Yannis Markopoulos (born 1939)
Thanos Mikroutsikos (1947–2019)
Mimis Plessas (1924–2024)
Nikos Skalkottas (1904–1945), member of the Second Viennese School
Giannis Spanos (1934–2019)
Mikis Theodorakis (1925–2021)
Stavros Xarchakos (born 1939)
Iannis Xenakis (1922–2001)
Manos Loizos (1937–1982)
Evangelos Odysseas Papathanassiou Vangelis (1943–2022)
Eleni Karaindrou (1941-present)

Guatemala

Ricardo Arjona (born 1964), modern pop composer

Hungary

Béla Bartók (1881–1945), 20th-century composer, considered one of the founders of ethnomusicology
Gábor Darvas (1911–1985), composer and musicologist
Ernő Dohnányi (1877–1960), 20th-century composer, Variations on a Nursery Tune, Suite in F-sharp minor, Ruralia Hungarica
Péter Eötvös (born 1944)
Karl Goldmark (1830–1915), Romantic composer influenced by Richard Wagner
Stephen Heller (1813–1888), Early Romantic composer and pianist
Joseph Joachim (1831–1907)
Zoltán Kodály (1882–1967), 20th-century composer and ethnomusicologist
Rezső Kókai (1906–1962), composer and musicologist
György Kurtág (born 1926), 20th-century composer
Franz Lehár (1870–1948), 20th-century composer most known for The Merry Widow
György Sándor Ligeti (1923–2006), 20th-century composer best known for the various pieces featured in the Stanley Kubrick films 2001: A Space Odyssey, The Shining, and Eyes Wide Shut
Franz Liszt (1811–1886), Romantic composer-pianist, wrote a number of tone poems and extended piano technique
Ervin Nyiregyházi (1903–1987), romantic composer-pianist
Miklós Rózsa (1907–1995), 20th-century composer, best known for his film music
Tibor Szemző (born 1955), composer, performer and media artist
Leo Weiner (1885–1960), 20th-century composer of the "Fox Dance"

Iceland

India

M. Balamuralikrishna (1930–2016), carnatic music
Clarence Barlow (1945–2023), contemporary art music
Sandeep Bhagwati (born 1963), contemporary art music
R.D. Burman (1939–1994), film composer, musician and singer
Sachin Dev Burman (1906–1975), music composers for Hindi movies and a Bengali singer and composer
Pritam Chakraborty (born 1971), film composer
Salil Chowdhury (1922–1995), film music composer, western classical and folk fusion music writer and arranger
Ilaiyaraja (born 1943), film composer, record producer, musician and singer
Jatin–Lalit, music composer duo
Khayyam (1927–2019), film composer
Shirish Korde (born 1945), contemporary art music
Bappi Lahiri (born 1952), film composer
Laxmikant–Pyarelal, film composer duo
Madan Mohan (born 1981), film composer, musician and singer
Nadeem-Shravan, film composer duo
Naushad (1919–2006), film composer
O.P. Nayyar (1926–2007), film composer
A. R. Rahman (born 1966 as Dilip), film composer, record producer, musician and singer
Harris Jayaraj (born 8 July 1975), Indian film composer
Yuvan Shankar Raja (born 1979), singer-songwriter, film score, and soundtrack composer
Santhosh Narayanan (born 1983), Indian film composer
Sean Roldan (born 1987), Indian musician
Darbuka Siva (born 1982), Indian musician, director and actor
Armaan Malik (born 1995), Indian composer, singer and songwriter
Amaal Malik (born 1990), Indian composer, singer and songwriter
Vivek-Mervin, Indian film composer duo
Ravi (1926–2012), film composer
Anirudh Ravichander (born 1990), singer, music director, film composer
Shankar–Ehsaan–Loy trio of record producers, musicians, multi-instrumentalists
Shankar Jaikishan, music composer duo
Naresh Sohal (1939–2018), contemporary art music
Amit Trivedi (born 1979), film composer
Param Vir (born 1952), contemporary art music

Indonesia

Otto Sidharta (born 1955), music composer
Ananda Sukarlan (born 1968)

Iran

Ireland

Italy

Alessandro Alessandroni (1925–2017)
Antonello da Caserta (fl. late 14th – early 15th centuries)
Antonio Bazzini (1818–1897)
Vincenzo Bellini (1801–1835)
Luciano Berio (1925–2003)
Luigi Boccherini (1743–1805)
Giulio Cesare Brero (1908–1973)
Paolo Buonvino (born 1968)
Ferruccio Busoni (1886–1924)
Alfredo Casella (1883–1947)
Johannes Ciconia (c. 1370–1412)
Francesco Cilea (1866–1950)
Simone Cilio (born 1992)
Stelvio Cipriani (1937–2018)
Arcangelo Corelli (1653–1713)
Gaetano Donizetti (1797–1848)
Pino Donaggio (born 1941)
Baldassare Galuppi (1706–1785)
Gherardello da Firenze (c. 1320 – 1362 or 1363)
Andrea Guerra (born 1961)
Jacopo da Bologna (fl. 1340 – c. 1386)
Francesco Landini (died 1397)
Bruno Maderna (1920–1973)
Marchetto da Padova (fl. 1305–1319)
Dario Marianelli (born 1963)
Pietro Mascagni (1863–1945)
Claudio Monteverdi (1567–1643)
Ennio Morricone (1928–2020)
Luigi Nono (1924–1990)
Niccolò Paganini (1782–1840)
Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina (c. 1525–1594)
Nicola Piovani (born 1946)
Amilcare Ponchielli (1834–1886)
Giacomo Puccini (1858–1924)
Ottorino Respighi (1879–1936)
Gioacchino Rossini (1792–1868)
Alessandro Scarlatti (1660–1725)
Domenico Scarlatti (1685–1757)
Kristian Sensini (born 1976)
Giuseppe Tartini (1692–1770)
Giuseppe Torelli (1658–1709)
Francesco Maria Veracini (1690–1768)
Giuseppe Verdi (1813–1901)
Giovanni Battista Viotti (1755–1824)
Antonio Vivaldi (1678–1741)

Japan

Latvia

Pēteris Barisons (1904–1947)
Kārlis Baumanis (1835–1905)
Ilona Breģe (born 1959)
Jānis Cimze (1814–1881)
Emīls Dārziņš (1875–1910)
Volfgangs Dārziņš (1906–1962)
Rihards Dubra (born 1964)
Maija Einfelde (born 1939)
Ēriks Ešenvalds (born 1977)
Lūcija Garūta (1902–1977)
Jānis Ivanovs (1906–1983)
Alberts Jērums (1919–1978)
Andrejs Jurjāns (1856–1922)
Alfrēds Kalniņš (1879–1951)
Romualds Kalsons (born 1936)
Arturs Maskats (born 1957)
Jānis Mediņš (1890–1966)
Emilis Melngailis (1974–1954)
Georgs Pelēcis (born 1947)
Pēteris Plakidis (1947–2017)
Uģis Prauliņš (born 1957)
Santa Ratniece (born 1977)
Lolita Ritmanis (born 1962)
Ādolfs Skulte (1909–2000)
Pēteris Vasks (born 1946)
Ernests Vīgners (1850–1933)
Jāzeps Vītols (1863–1948)
Marģeris Zariņš (1910–1993)
Imants Zemzaris (born 1951)

Liechtenstein

Josef Rheinberger (1839–1901)

Lithuania

Luxembourg

Jean-Marie Kieffer (born 1960)

North Macedonia

Dimitrije Bužarovski (born 1952)
Todor Skalovski (1909–2004)

Madagascar

Raymond Razafimbahiny (1919–1963)

Malta

Charles Camilleri (1931–2009), 20th century classical composer
Carmelo Pace (1906–1993), music teacher and composer
Robert Samut (1869–1934), composer of Malta's National Anthem, l-Innu Malti

Mexico

Miguel Bernal Jiménez (1910–1956), 20th Century composer
Julián Carrillo (1875–1965), discovered the 13th sound
Ricardo Castro (1864–1907), composer and pianist
Daniel Catán (1949–2011), composer of operas
Carlos Chávez (1899–1978), 20th-century classical composer and conductor
Jose Mariano Elizaga (1786–1842), composer and theoretician
Manuel Enriquez (1926–1994), modern classical composer
Julio Estrada (born 1943), composer and theoretician
Blas Galindo (1910–1993), 20th-century composer
María Grever (1884–1951), composer of romantic songs like "Júrame"
Carlos Jiménez Mabarak (1916–1994), 20th century composer
Agustin Lara (1897–1970), composer of romantic songs like Maria Bonita, Solamente una Vez, Granada, etc.
Mario Lavista (born 1943), composer and writer
Francisco López Capillas (1608–1674), composer of the Baroque
Armando Manzanero (1935–2020), singer, pianist and composer of Boleros
Arturo Márquez (born 1950), wrote Danzón No. 2
José Pablo Moncayo (1912–1958), composer of "Huapango"
Melesio Morales (1839–1908), composer of the opera Ildegonda
Conlon Nancarrow (1912–1997), wrote for player piano
Manuel María Ponce (1882–1948), 20th-century composer
Silvestre Revueltas (1899–1940), 20th-century classical composer of Sensemayá
Juventino Rosas (1868–1894), composer of vals "Sobre las olas"
Manuel de Sumaya (1678–1755), composer of the Baroque
Eugenio Toussaint (1954–2011), contemporary jazz and classical composer
Consuelo Velázquez (1924–2005), wrote the song "Bésame Mucho"

Mongolia

Netherlands

Michel van der Aa (born 1970), modern classical composer
Hendrik Andriessen (1892–1981), classical composer of symphonies, songs and organworks
Louis Andriessen (1939–2021), modern classical composer
Henk Badings (1907–1987), classical composer of symphonic works, songs, electro-acoustical works
Henriëtte Bosmans (1895–1952), classical composer of instrumental music and songs
Jan Brandts Buys (1868–1933), composer of operas and chamber music
Johannes van Bree (1801–1857), classical composer of symphonies, orchestral works, operas, songs, chamber music
Lex van Delden (1919–1988), modern classical composer (symphonies, vocal music)
Bernard van Dieren (1887–1936), composer of chamber music, symphonies, vocal works
Cornelis Dopper (1870–1939), classical composer of symphonies, operas, concertos
Rudolf Escher (1912–1980), classical composer of songs, symphonies, chamber music
Carel Anton Fodor (1768–1846), classical composer of symphonies, concertos
Jan van Gilse (1881–1944), classical composer of operas, symphonies, chamber music
Pieter Hellendaal (1721–1799), classical composer of concerti grossi, chamber music, psalms and oratorios
Elisabeth Kuyper (1877–1953), classical composer of orchestral works, concertos, chamber music, choral music, and songs
Guillaume Landré (1905–1968), classical composer of vocal music, operas and symphonies
Samuel de Lange (1840–1911), classical composer of operas, organ music, symphonic works, chamber music
Fred Momotenko (born 1970), classical composer
Leon Orthel (1905–1885), classical composer of symphonies and chamber music
Willem Pijper (1894–1947), classical composer of chamber music, songs, symphonic works
Julius Röntgen (1855–1932), classical composer of symphonies, concertos, chamber music, vocal works
Leo Smit (1900–1943), classical composer of chamber music, songs, symphonic music
Johannes Verhulst (1816–1891), classical composer of vocal music, symphonic works
Matthijs Vermeulen (1888–1967), classical composer of symphonies and songs
Alexander Voormolen (1895–1980), classical composer of chamber music, piano music and orchestral works
Bernard Zweers (1854–1924), classical composer of vocal music, orchestral works and symphonies

New Zealand

Gillian Bibby (born 1945)
Jack Body (1944–2015)
Ivan Bootham (1939–2016)
Helen Bowater (born 1952)
Dorothy Buchanan (born 1945)
Edwin Carr (1926–2003), 20th century classical
Lyell Cresswell (born 1944), 20th century classical
Eve de Castro-Robinson (born 1956)
Gareth Farr (born 1968)
Sir Dean Goffin (1918–1984), brass band composer
Peter Hobbs (born 1970)
Fanny Howie (1868–1916), composer of "Hine E Hine"
Mihi-ki-te-kapua (?–c. 1872), composer of waiata
Douglas Lilburn (1915–2001)
Andrew Perkins (born 1961)
Robert J. Pope (1865–1949), songwriter
John Psathas (born 1966), 20th century classical
Rihi Puhiwahine Te Rangi-hirawea (?–1906), composer of waiata
John Rimmer (born 1939)
Anthony Ritchie (born 1960), 20th century classical
Stephen Roche (born 1964), composer of film music
Michael Smither (born 1939)
Sir William Southgate (born 1941)
Ronald Tremain (1923–1998), 20th century classical
Peter van der Fluit (born 1963)
Gillian Karawe Whitehead (born 1941)
Michael Williams (born 1962), 20th century classical
Kenneth Young (born 1955)
Wayan Yudane, composer of Balinese music

Nigeria

Joshua Uzoigwe (1946–2005), 20th century classical and Nigerian folk composer

Norway

Torstein Aagaard-Nilsen (born 1964), composer
Ole Bornemann Bull (1810–1880) was a Norwegian violinist and composer, wrote The Herdgirl's Sunday
Edvard Grieg (1843–1907), Romantic composer, known for his incidental music for Peer Gynt and his Piano Concerto
Agathe Backer Grøndahl (1847–1907), Romantic composer and pianist, contemporary of Edvard Grieg
Kjell Habbestad (born 1955), Norwegian composer
Johan Halvorsen (1864–1935), Norwegian composer, famous for Entry March of the Boyars and Passacaglia in G minor on a Theme by George Frideric Handel
Hans Fredrik Jacobsen (born 1954)
Ståle Kleiberg (born 1958), classical composer and musicologist
Herman Severin Løvenskiold (1815–1870), Romantic composer who wrote the score for the ballet La Sylphide
Jan Erik Mikalsen (born 1979)
Finn Mortensen (1922–1983), Norwegian composer, famous for bringing serialism and twelve-tone music to Norway
Arne Nordheim (1931–2010), Norwegian composer, famous for bringing the modernism and electro acoustic music to Norway. Wrote Epitaffio for orchestra and tape, the ballet The Storm and Solitaire
Marcus Paus (born 1979), Norwegian composer who writes tonal contemporary music and who has been described as a lyrical modernist
Christian Sinding (1856–1941), Norwegian composer, wrote Rustle of Spring and the Suite for Violin and Orchestra
Johan Svendsen (1840–1911), Norwegian composer of the Romance for Violin and Orchestra and 2 Symphonies
Olav Anton Thommessen (born 1946), Norwegian composer, famous for "A Glass Bead Game"
Lasse Thoresen (born 1949)
Geirr Tveitt (1908–1981)
Fartein Valen (1887–1952), Norwegian composer writing atonal polyphonic music. Famous for Le Cimetère Marin and the Violin Concerto

Pakistan

Nisar Bazmi (1924–2007)

Peru

Jaime Delgado Aparicio (1943–1983), contemporary jazz, pop and film score composer
Jose Bernardo Alcedo (1788–1878), 19th-century Peruvian romantic composer, wrote the Peruvian National Anthem
Daniel Alomía Robles (1871–1942), romantic composer, wrote El Cóndor Pasa
Sadiel Cuentas (born 1973), contemporary composer
Francisco González Gamarra (1890–1972), composer and painter^[3]
Chabuca Granda (1920–1983), singer, contemporary and folk music composer
Rafael Leonardo Junchaya (born 1965), contemporary composer
Celso Garrido Lecca (born 1926), contemporary composer
Jimmy Lopez (born 1978), contemporary composer
Clara Petrozzi (born 1965), contemporary composer
Felipe Pinglo Alva (1899–1936), poet and songwriter, father of Música criolla
Jorge Villavicencio Grossmann (born 1973), contemporary composer

Philippines

Poland

Grażyna Bacewicz (1909–1969)
Tekla Bądarzewska-Baranowska (1834–1861)
Tadeusz Baird (1928–1981)
Cyprian Bazylik (c.1535-c. 1600)
Bazyli Bohdanowicz (1740–1817)
Joanna Bruzdowicz (born 1943)
Diomedes Cato (c. 1570-c. 1603)
Frédéric Chopin (1810–1849), Romantic era composer known for single piano pieces
Nicolaus Cracoviensis (1st half of the 16th century)
Wojciech Długoraj (1557–1619)
Ignacy Feliks Dobrzyński (1807–1867)
Józef Ksawery Elsner (1769–1854)
Sebastian z Felsztyna (c. 1480/1490-after 1543)
Julian Fontana (1810–1869)
Kasia Glowicka (born 1977)
Leopold Godowsky (1870–1938)
Mikołaj Gomółka (1535–1591)
Grzegorz Gerwazy Gorczycki (1665/67–1734)
Henryk Górecki (1933–2010)
Konstanty Gorski (1859–1924)
Adam Jarzębski (c. 1590–1649)
Jan A. P. Kaczmarek (born 1953)
Bronisław Kaper (1902–1983)
Zbigniew Karkowski (1958–2013)
Mieczysław Karłowicz (1876–1909)
Wojciech Kilar (1932–2013)
Stefan Kisielewski (1911–1991)
Krzysztof Klabon (c. 1550-after 1616)
Sebastian Klonowic (c. 1545–1602)
Józef Koffler (1896–1944)
Krzysztof Komeda (1931–1969)
Zygmunt Konieczny (born 1937)
Włodzimierz Kotoński (1925–2014)
Zygmunt Krauze (born 1938)
Hanna Kulenty (born 1961)
Karol Kurpiński (1785–1857)
Marcin Leopolita (c. 1540-c.1589)
Franciszek Lessel (1780–1838)
Franciszek Lilius (c. 1600 – 1657)
Karol Lipiński (1790–1861)
Jan z Lublina (late 15th century–1540)
Paweł Łukaszewski (born 1968)
Witold Lutosławski (1913–1994)
Roman Maciejewski (1910–1998)
Krzysztof Meyer (born 1943)
Marcin Mielczewski (1600–1651)
Franciszek Mirecki (1791–1862)
Emil Młynarski (1870–1935)
Stanisław Moniuszko (1819–1872)
Maurycy Moszkowski (1854–1925)
Krystyna Moszumańska-Nazar (1924–2009)
Paweł Mykietyn (born 1971)
Zygmunt Noskowski (1846–1909)
Feliks Nowowiejski (1877–1946)
Michał Kazimierz Ogiński (1728–1800)
Michał Kleofas Ogiński (1765–1833)
Edward Olearczyk (1915–1994)
Ignacy Jan Paderewski (1864–1941)
Roman Palester (1907–1989)
Andrzej Panufnik (1914–1991)
Bartłomiej Pękiel (died 1670)
Krzysztof Penderecki (1933–2020)
Jakub Polak (1540–1605)
Zbigniew Preisner (born 1955)
Grażyna Pstrokońska-Nawratil (born 1947)
Marta Ptaszyńska (born 1943)
Jacek Różycki (1625/35–1703/04)
Ludomir Różycki (1884–1953)
Witold Rudziński (1913–2004)
Marian Sawa (1937–2005)
Bogusław Schaeffer (1929–2019)
Franciszek Ścigalski (1782–1846)
Kazimierz Serocki (1922–1981)
Andrzej Siewiński (died by 1726)
Elżbieta Sikora (born 1943)
Marek Stachowski (1936–2004)
Roman Statkowski (1859–1925)
Zygmunt Denis Antoni Jordan de Stojowski (1870–1946)
Bolesław Szabelski (1896–1979)
Wacław z Szamotuł (c. 1526–1560)
Stanisław Sylwester Szarzyński (prob. 2nd half of the 17th century)
Aleksander Szeligowski (1934–1963)
Tadeusz Szeligowski (1896–1963)
Władysław Szpilman (1911–2000)
Maria Szymanowska (1789–1831)
Karol Szymanowski (1882–1937)
Paweł Szymański (born 1954)
Alexandre Tansman (1897–1986)
André Tchaikowsky (1935–1982)
Zbigniew Turski (1908–1979)
Mieczysław Weinberg (1919–1996)
Henryk Wieniawski (1835–1880)
Kazimierz Wiłkomirski (1900–1995)
Juliusz Zarębski (1854–1885)
Władysław Żeleński (1837–1921)
Maciej Zieliński (born 1971)
Mikołaj Zieleński (1st half of the 17th century)

Portugal

Alfredo Keil (1850–1907)
Jaime Reis (born 1983)

Puerto Rico

Juan F. Acosta (1890–1968)
Esther Alejandro de León (born 1947)
Mercedes Arias (c. 1860–1930)
Rafael Alers (1903–1978)
Julio Alvarado Tricoche (1886–1970)
Miguel Angel Amadeo
Roberto Angleró (1929–2018)
Henry Arana (1921–2008)
Julio C. Arteaga (1867–1923)
Julio Bagué (born 1968)
Samuel Beníquez (born 1971)
Obie Bermúdez (born 1981)
Americo Boschetti (born 1951)
Lou Briel (born 1954)
Roy Brown (born 1945)
Antonio Cabán Vale (born 1942)
Nano Cabrera
Héctor Campos Parsi (1922–1998)
Bobby Capó (1922–1989)
Vicente Carattini (1939–2005)
Andrés Castro Ríos (1942–2006)
Arístides Chavier Arévalo (1867–1942)
Edwin Colón Zayas (born 1965)
Ernesto Cordero (born 1946)
Federico A. Cordero (1928–2012)
Tony Croatto (1940–2005)
Bobby Cruz (born 1937)
Tite Curet Alonso (1926–2003)
Braulio Dueño Colón (1854–1934)
Johnathan Dwayne (born 1963)
Rafi Escudero (born 1945)
Noel Estrada (1918–1979)
Cheo Feliciano (1935–2014)
José Feliciano (born 1945)
Manuel Fernández Juncos (1846–1928)
Pedro Flores (1894–1979)
Luis Fonsi (born 1978)
Kany García (born 1982)
Gloria González (born 1944)
Rafael Hernández Marín (1892–1965)
Harold Hopkins Miranda (born 1971)
Gustavo Laureano (born 1970)
Raphy Leavitt (1948–2015)
Víctor Manuelle (born 1968)
Ladislao Martínez (1898–1979)
Ismael Miranda (born 1950)
Ángel Mislan (1862–1911)
Glenn Monroig (born 1957)
Juan Morel Campos (1857–1896)
Angélica Negrón (born 1981)
Noelia (born 1979)
José Nogueras (born 1951)
William Ortiz-Alvarado (born 1947)
Luis "Perico" Ortiz (born 1949)
Olimpio Otero Vergés (1845–1911)
José Enrique Pedreira (1904–1959)
Ángel Peña (born 1948)
Pijuán (1942–2018)
Miguel Poventud (1942–1983)
Lourdes Pérez (born 1961)
Ivy Queen (born 1972)
Sylvia Rexach (1922–1961)
Luciano Quiñones (born 1948)
Ismael Quintana (1937–2016)
José Ignacio Quintón (1881–1925)
Chamaco Ramírez (1941–1983)
Luis Antonio Ramírez (1923–1995)
Juan Ríos Ovalle (1863–1928)
Tomás Rivera Morales (1927–2001)
Chamaco Rivera (born 1946)
Ismael Rivera (1931–1987)
Ramón Rivero (1909–1956)
Augusto Rodríguez (1904–1993)
Julito Rodríguez (1925–2013)
Willie Rosario (born 1930)
Herman Santiago (born 1941)
Daniel Santos (1916–1992)
Nino Segarra (born 1953)
Roberto Sierra (born 1953)
Arturo Somohano (1910–1977)
Manuel Gregorio Tavárez (1843–1883)
Yomo Toro (1933–2012)
Raymond Torres-Santos (born 1958)
Eladio Torres (born 1950)
Rawy Torres (born 1975)
Tommy Torres (born 1971)
Juan Vélez (born 1983)
Wilkins (born 1953)

Romania

Mihail Andricu (1894–1974)
Pascal Bentoiu (1927–2016)
Eduard Caudella (1841–1929)
Adrian Enescu (1948–2016)
George Enescu (1881–1955)
Mihail Jora (1891–1971)
Sorin Lerescu (born 1953)
Dinu Lipatti (1917–1950)
Tiberiu Olah (1921–2002)
Ciprian Porumbescu (1853–1883)
George Stephănescu (1843–1925)
Aurel Stroe (1932–2008)
Anatol Vieru (1926–1998)

Russia

Alexander Abramsky (1898–1985)
Alexander Vasilyevich Alexandrov (1883–1946)
Anatoly Nikolayevich Alexandrov (1888–1982)
Boris Alexandrovich Alexandrov (1905–1994)
Alexander Alyabyev (1787–1851)
Iosif Andriasov (1933–2000)
Anton Arensky (1861–1906)
Alexander Arkhangelsky (1846–1924)
Lera Auerbach (born 1973)
Arseny Avraamov (1886–1944)
Mily Balakirev (1837–1910)
Maksim Berezovsky (c. 1745–1777)
Matvey Blanter (1903–1990)
Alexander Borodin (1833–1887)
Dmitry Bortniansky (1751–1825)
Yury G. Chernavsky (born 1947)
Pavel Chesnokov (1877–1944)
Julius Conus (1869–1942)
César Cui (1835–1918)
Alexander Dargomyzhsky (1813–1869)
Edison Denisov (1929–1996)
Leonid Desyatnikov (born 1955)
Nikolay Diletsky (c. 1630–after 1680)
Irina Elcheva (1926–2013)
Victor Ewald (1860–1935)
Samuil Feinberg (1890–1962)
Veniamin Fleishman (1913–1941)
Yan Frenkel (1920–1989)
Arthur Friedheim (1859–1932)
Varvara Gaigerova (1903–1944)
Alexander Glazunov (1865–1936)
Reinhold Glière (1875–1956)
Mikhail Glinka (1804–1857)
Mikhail Gnesin (1883–1957)
Alexander Goedicke (1877–1957)
Nicolai Golovanov (1891–1953)
Evgeny Golubev (1910–1988)
Alexander Gretchaninov (1864–1956)
Sofia Gubaidulina (born 1931)
Alexander Ilyinsky (1859–1920)
Mikhail Ippolitov-Ivanov (1859–1935)
Dmitry Kabalevsky (1904–1987)
Vasily Kalinnikov (1866–1901)
Viktor Kalinnikov (1870–1927)
Nikolai Kapustin (1937–2020)
Nikolai Karetnikov (1930–1994)
Yakov Kazyansky (born 1948)
Aram Khachaturian (1903–1978)
Karen Khachaturian (1920–2011)
Ivan Khandoshkin (1747–1804)
Yuri Khanon (born 1965)
Tikhon Khrennikov (1913–2007)
Alexander Knaifel (born 1943)
Alexander Kopylov (1854–1911)
Andrei Krylov (born 1961)
Ivan Larionov (1830–1889)
Ekaterina Likoshin (fl. 1800–1810)
Aleksandr Lokshin (1920–1987)
Arthur Lourié (1892–1966)
Anatoly Lyadov (1855–1914)
Sergei Lyapunov (1859–1924)
Katerina Maier (fl. c. 1800)
Nina Makarova (1908–1976)
Vladimir Martynov (born 1946)
Mikhail Matyushin (1861–1934)
Samuel Maykapar (1867–1938)
Nikolai Medtner (1880–1951)
Fred Momotenko (born 1970), modern classical composer
Alexander Mosolov (1900–1973)
Modest Mussorgsky (1839–1881)
Nikolai Myaskovsky (1881–1950)
Vyacheslav Nagovitsin (born 1939)
Tatiana Nikolayeva (1924–1993)
Nikolai Obukhov (1899–1954)
Vasily Pashkevich (c. 1742–1797)
Boris Pasternak (1890–1960)
Alla Pavlova (born 1952)
Sergei Prokofiev (1891–1953)
Sergei Rachmaninoff (1873–1943)
Vladimir Rebikov (1866–1920)
Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov (1844–1908)
Nikolai Roslavets (1881–1944)
Anton Rubinstein (1829–1894)
Leonid Sabaneyev (1881–1968)
Adrian Schaposhnikov (1888–1967)
Joseph Schillinger (1895–1943)
Alfred Schnittke (1934–1998)
Alexander Scriabin (1872–1915)
Julian Scriabin (1908–1919)
Vladimir Shainsky (1925–2017)
Rodion Shchedrin (born 1932)
Vladimir Shcherbachov (1889–1952)
Dmitri Shostakovich (1906–1975)
Yekaterina Sinyavina (died 1784)
Gregory Skovoroda (1722–1794)
Nikolay Sokolov (1859–1922)
Maximilian Steinberg (1883–1946)
Igor Stravinsky (1882–1971)
Georgy Sviridov (1915–1998)
Alexander Taneyev (1850–1918)
Sergei Taneyev (1856–1915)
Boris Tchaikovsky (1925–1996)
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840–1893)
Alexander Tcherepnin (1899–1977)
Alexey Nikolayevich Titov (1769–1827)
Vasily Polikarpovich Titov (c. 1650–c. 1715)
Galina Ustvolskaya (1919–2006)
Vladimir Vavilov (1925–1973)
Artemy Vedel (c. 1767–1808)
Alexander Veprik (1898–1958)
Yuliya Veysberg (1878/1880–1942)
Ivan Wyschnegradsky (1893–1979)
Alexander Zhurbin (born 1945)
Lev Zhurbin (born 1978)
Marija Zubova (1749–1799)

Serbia

Isidor Bajić (1878–1915)
Petar Bergamo (1930–2022)
Stanislav Binički (1872–1942)
Goran Bregović (born 1950)
Dejan Despić (born 1930)
Uroš Dojčinović (born 1959)
Zoran Erić (born 1950)
Dragutin Gostuški (1923–1998)
Vladimir Graić (born 1968)
Stevan Hristić (1885–1958)
Jovo Ivanišević (1861–1889)
Ion Ivanovici (1845–1902), Romanian composer of Serbian descent
Aleksandar Kobac (born 1971)
Marko Kon (born 1972)
Petar Konjović (1883–1970)
Kristina Kovač (born 1974)
Petar Krstić (1877–1957)
Luigi von Kunits (1870–1931), founder of both the Pittsburg and Toronto symphony orchestras
Ljubica Marić (1909–2003)
Josif Marinković (1851–1931), one of the most important Serbian composers of the 19th century
Milan Mihajlović (born 1945)
Miloje Milojević (1884–1946)
Stevan Stojanović Mokranjac (1856–1914)
Vasilije Mokranjac (1923–1984)
Vojna Nešić (born 1947)
Elena Pucić-Sorkočević (1786–1865) was the first female composer in the Republic of Ragusa (Republic of Dubrovnik)
Miloš Raičković (born 1956)
Rudolph Réti (1885–1957)
Josip Runjanin (1821–1878), well-known Croatian and Serbian composer. Ethnic Serb
Kornelije Stanković (1831–1865)
Petar Stojanović (1877–1957)
Josip Stolcer-Slavenski (1896–1955)
Zoran Sztevanovity (born 1942)
Marko Tajčević (1900–1984)
Vladimir Tošić (born 1949)
Dusan Trbojevic (1925–2011)
Jasna Veličković (born 1974)
Mihailo Vukdragović (1900–1967)

Slovakia

Slovenia

South Africa

South Korea

Ahn Eak-tai (1906–1965)
Junsang Bahk (born 1937)
Unsuk Chin (born 1961)
Insook Choi (born 1962)
DaeSeob Han (born 1977)
Sungji Hong (born 1973)
Hyun Jae-Myung (1902–1960)
Hi Kyung Kim (born 1954)
Kim Jin-Hi (born 1957)
Chan-Hae Lee (born 1945)
Young-ja Lee (born 1931)
Lim Jun-Hee (born 1959)
Sook-Ja Oh (born 1941)
Younghi Pagh-Paan (born 1945)
Jeajoon Ryu (born 1970)
Kyungsun Suh (born 1942)
Yun I-sang (1917–1995)

Spain

Marcial del Adalid y Gurréa (1826–1881), composer
Dionisio Aguado y García (1784–1849), composer and guitarist
Sebastian Aguilera de Heredia (1561–1627), composer and organist
Isaac Albéniz (1860–1909), late Romantic composer and pianist, wrote nationalist works such as Iberia
Mateo Albéniz (1755–1831), composer
Manuel Alejandro (born 1969), contemporary song composer
Francisco Alonso (1887–1948), composer of zarzuela
Vicente Amigo (born 1967), composer
Juan de Anchieta (1462–1523), composer
Juan Crisóstomo Arriaga (1806–1826), Romantic composer, nicknamed the "Spanish Mozart" before dying at age 19
Emilio Arrieta (1821–1894), composer
Salvador Bacarisse (1898–1963), composer
Leonardo Balada (born 1933), composer, naturalized American
Francisco Asenjo Barbieri (1823–1894), composer of zarzuela
Sergio Blardony (born 1965), composer
Tomás Bretón (1850–1923), composer
Pablo Bruna (1611–1679), composer and organist
Johannes Cornago (c. 1400–after 1475)
Juan Bautista Cabanilles (1644–1712), composer and organist
Antonio de Cabezón (1510–1566), composer and organist
Ramón Carnicer (1841–1922), composer
Narciso Casanovas (1747–1799), composer
Ruperto Chapí (1851–1909), composer
Federico Chueca (1846–1908), composer
Gaspar Cassado (1897–1966), composer and cellist
Juan J. Colomer (born 1966), composer
Francisco Correa de Arauxo (1584–1654), composer and organist
Sebastián Durón (1660–1716), composer
Gustavo Díaz-Jerez (born 1970), composer
Juan del Encina (1468–1529), composer
Manuel de Falla (1876–1946), 20th-century composer, best known for The Three-Cornered Hat
Mateo Flecha (1481–1553), composer
Antón García Abril (1933–2021), composer
Manuel García the Senior (1775–1832), also Manuel del Pópulo Vicente Rodriguez García
Roberto Gerhard (1896–1970), composer
Enrique Granados (1867–1916), nationalist composer and pianist, influenced later composers such as Manuel de Falla
Isabel Güell i López (1872-1956), composer, pianist, organist
Francisco Guerrero (1528–1599), composer
Jesús Guridi (1886–1961), composer
Cristóbal Halffter (1930–2021), composer and conductor
Ernesto Halffter (1905–1989), composer
Rodolfo Halffter (1900–1987), composer
Luis Venegas de Henestrosa (c. 1510–1570)
Juan Hidalgo de Polanco (1614–1685), composer and harpist
Joaquin Homs (1906–2006), composer
Sebastián Iradier (1809–1865), composer
Andrés Isasi (1890–1940), composer
Ricard Lamote de Grignon (1899–1965), composer
Ramon Lazkano (born 1968), composer
Antoni Lliteres Carrió (1673–1747), composer of zarzuela
Miguel Llobet (1878–1938), guitarist and composer
Alonso Lobo (1555–1617), composer
Paco de Lucía (1947–2014), composer
Pablo Luna (1879–1942), composer of zarzuela
Josep Mestres Quadreny (1929–2021), composer
Tomás Marco (born 1942), composer
Luis de Milán (c. 1500–1561), composer and vihuelist
Federico Mompou (1893–1987), composer
Ramón Montoya (1880–1949), composer
Xavier Montsalvatge (1912–2002), composer
Cristóbal de Morales (1500–1553), composer
Federico Moreno Torroba (1891–1982), composer
Alonso Mudarra (1510–1580), composer
Luis de Narváez (fl. 1526–1549), composer and vihuelist
Pablo Nassarre (1650–1730), composer, organist, and theorist
Jaime Nunó (1824–1908), composer
Fernando Obradors (1897–1945), composer
Gonzalo de Olavide (1934–2005), composer
Diego Ortiz (1510–1570), composer and theorist
Luis de Pablo (1930–2021), composer
Felipe Pedrell (1841–1922), 19th-century composer
Joan Baptista Pla (1720–1773), composer
David del Puerto (born 1964), composer
Joan Pau Pujol (1570–1626), composer
Niño Ricardo (1904–1972), composer
Joaquín Rodrigo (1901–1999), 20th-century composer, wrote the Concierto de Aranjuez for classical guitar and orchestra
Antonio Rodríguez de Hita (1722–1787), composer
Antonio Ruiz-Pipò (1934–1997), 20th-century composer for the guitar
Sabicas (1912–1990), composer
José María Sánchez-Verdú (born 1968), composer
Manolo Sanlúcar (born 1943), composer
Gaspar Sanz (1640–1710), Baroque era guitar composer
Pablo de Sarasate (1844–1908), Romantic era virtuoso violinist and composer
José Serrano (1873–1941), composer
Juan Sesé y Balaguer (1736–1801), composer
Antonio Soler (1729–1783), wrote sonatas and concertos for the harpsichord and organ
Fernando Sor (1778–1839), Classical/Romantic era composer for the guitar
Pablo Sorozábal (1897–1988), composer
Francisco Tárrega (1852–1909), Romantic era guitarist and composer
Eduardo Torres (1872–1934), Late Romantic composer of organ works and guitar pieces
Joaquín Turina (1882–1949), composer of chamber music, piano works, guitar pieces, and songs
Juan de Urrede (c. 1430–after 1482)
José María Usandizaga (1887–1915)
Manuel Valls (1920–1984), composer
Joaquín Valverde Durán (1846–1910), composer of zarzuelas
Joaquín "Quinito" Valverde Sanjuán (1875–1918), composer of zarzuelas
Octavio Vazquez (born 1972), composer
Tomás Luis de Victoria (1548–1611), composer
Pedro Vilarroig (born 1954), contemporary neo-tonal composer.
Sebastián de Vivanco (1551–1622), composer
Amadeo Vives (1871–1932), composer
Valentín Zubiaurre (1837–1914), composer

Sri Lanka

Sweden

Lars-Erik Larsson (1908–1986)
Johan Helmich Roman (1694–1758)
Dag Wirén (1905–1986)

Switzerland

Fritz Bovet (fl. 1845–1888), violinist, composed at least one string quartet (still in print), watchmaker, Swiss vice-counsel to Canton, China
Caroline Charrière (1960–2018), composer, flautist, choir director
Heinz Holliger (born 1939)
Arthur Honegger (1892–1955)
Frank Martin (1890–1974)
Othmar Schoeck (1886–1957)
Andreas Vollenweider (born 1953)

Taiwan

Tyzen Hsiao (1938–2015)
Liu Shueh-Shuan 劉學軒 (born 1969), 21st century contemporary classical composer

Turkey

Ahmed Adnan Saygun (1907–1991)
Ulvi Cemal Erkin (1906–1972)
Cemal Reşit Rey (1904–1985)
Hasan Ferit Alnar (1906–1978)
Necil Kazım Akses (1908–1999)

United Kingdom

Malcolm Arnold (1921–2006)
Arnold Bax (1883–1953)
Harrison Birtwistle (1934–2022)
Arthur Bliss (1891–1975)
John Blow (1649–1708)
Frank Bridge (1879–1941)
Benjamin Britten (1913–1976)
William Byrd (1540–1623)
Eric Coates (1886–1957)
Peter Maxwell Davies (1934–2016)
Frederick Delius (1862–1934)
John Dowland (1563–1626)
John Dunstable (c. 1390–1453)
Edward Elgar (1857–1934)
George Frideric Handel (1685–1759)
Gustav Holst (1874–1934)
Herbert Howells (1892–1983)
John Ireland (1879–1962)
Hubert Parry (1848–1918)
Henry Purcell (1659–1695)
Arthur Sullivan (1842–1900)
Thomas Tallis (died 1585)
Michael Tippett (1905–1998)
Ralph Vaughan Williams (1872–1958)
William Walton (1902–1983)

United States

Maurice Abrahams (1883–1931)
Mark Adamo (born 1962)
Alton Adams (1889–1987)
John Adams (born 1947)
John Luther Adams (born 1953)
H. Leslie Adams (born 1932)
Samuel Adler (born 1928)
Bruce Adolphe (born 1955)
Milton Adolphus (1913–1988)
Miguel del Águila (born 1957)
Stephen Albert (1941–1992)
Mark Alburger (born 1957)
Russell Alexander (1877–1915)
Esther Allan (1914–1985)
Tori Amos (born 1963)
David Amram (born 1930)
Trey Anastasio (born 1964)
Beth Anderson (born 1950)
Leroy Anderson (1908–1975)
T. J. Anderson (born 1928)
John Antes (1740–1811)
George Antheil (1900–1959)
Alfredo Antonini (1901–1983)
Frederic Archer (1838–1901)
Dominick Argento (1927–2019)
Harold Arlen (1905–1986)
Felix Arndt (1889–1918)
Robert Ashley (1930–2014)
May Aufderheide (1888–1972)
Larry Austin (1930–2018)
Frederick Ayres (1876–1926)
Milton Babbitt (1916–2011)
Burt Bacharach (born 1928)
Ernst Bacon (1898–1990)
David Baker (1931–2016)
Leonardo Balada (born 1933)
Edward Ballantine (1886–1971)
George Barati (1913–1996)
Samuel Barber (1910–1981)
Wayne Barlow (1912–1996)
Matthew Barnson (born 1979)
Marion Bauer (1882–1955)
Amy Beach (1867–1944)
Robert Beadell (1925–1994)
Jeff Beal (born 1963)
Robert Beaser (born 1954)
Jeremy Beck (born 1960)
Johann H. Beck (1856–1924)
John J. Becker (1886–1961)
Jack Beeson (1921–2010)
Supply Belcher (1751–1836)
Robert Russell Bennett (1894–1981)
Arthur Berger (1912–2003)
Jonathan Berger (born 1954)
William Bergsma (1921–1994)
Irving Berlin (1888–1989)
Derek Bermel (born 1967)
Elmer Bernstein (1922–2004)
Leonard Bernstein (1918–1990)
Philip Bezanson (1916–1975)
Lisa Bielawa (born 1968)
William Billings (1746–1800)
Phillip Bimstein (born 1947)
Seth Bingham (1882–1972)
Arthur H. Bird (1856–1923)
Easley Blackwood Jr. (born 1933)
Eubie Blake (1883–1983)
Marc Blitzstein (1905–1964)
Ernest Bloch (1880–1959)
Dušan Bogdanović (born 1955)
William Bolcom (born 1938)
Margaret Bonds (1913–1972)
Francis Boott (1813–1904)
David Borden (born 1938)
Benjamin Boretz (born 1934)
George Botsford (1874–1949)
Roger Bourland (born 1952)
Paul Bowles (1910–1999)
Martin Boykan (1931–2021)
Henry Brant (1913–2008)
Joseph Carl Breil (1870–1926)
Roger Briggs (born 1952)
Kendall Durelle Briggs (born 1959)
George Frederick Bristow (1825–1898)
Howard Brockway (1870–1951)
Earle Brown (1926–2002)
Uzee Brown Jr (born 1950)
William Brown (active 1780–1790)
Dave Brubeck (1920–2012)
Adolf Brune (1870–1935)
George Brunner (born 1951)
Mark Bucci (1924–2002)
Dudley Buck (1839–1909)
Harold Budd (1936–2020)
Harry Burleigh (1866–1949)
Howard J. Buss (born 1951)
Curt Cacioppo (born 1951)
Charles Wakefield Cadman (1881–1946)
John Cage (1912–1992)
David DeBoor Canfield (born 1950)
John Carisi (1922–1992)
Robert Carl (born 1954)
David Carlson (born 1952)
John Alden Carpenter (1876–1951)
Benjamin Carr (1768–1831)
Elliott Carter (1908–2012)
Kristopher Carter (born 1972)
Romeo Cascarino (1922–2002)
George Whitefield Chadwick (1854–1931)
Evan Chambers (born 1963)
Eric Chasalow (born 1955)
Rhys Chatham (born 1952)
Chen Yi (born 1953)
Paul Chihara (born 1938)
F. Melius Christiansen (1871–1955)
Paul J. Christiansen (1914–1997)
Avery Claflin (1898–1979)
Philip Greeley Clapp (1888–1954)
René Clausen (born 1953)
Gloria Coates (1938–2023)
Louis Coerne (1870–1922)
Robert Cogan (1930–2021)
James Cohn (1928–2021)
Dan Coleman (born 1972)
Valerie Coleman (born 1970)
Edward Joseph Collins (1886–1951)
Laura Sedgwick Collins (1859–1927)
Edward T. Cone (1917–2004)
Zez Confrey (1895–1971)
Sylvia Constantinidis (born 1962)
David Conte (born 1955)
Bill Conti (born 1942)
Charles Crozat Converse (1832–1918)
Frederick Converse (1871–1940)
Will Marion Cook (1869–1944)
Carson Cooman (born 1982)
David Cope (born 1941)
Aaron Copland (1900–1990)
Carmine Coppola (1910–1991)
Sidney Corbett (born 1960)
John Corigliano (born 1938)
Mildred Couper (1887–1974)
Henry Cowell (1897–1965)
Sibylla Bailey Crane (1851–1902)
John Craton (born 1953)
Ruth Crawford Seeger (1901–1953)
Noah Creshevsky (1945–2020)
Paul Creston (1906–1985)
David Crumb (born 1962)
George Crumb (1929–2022)
Conrad Cummings (born 1948)
Alvin Curran (born 1938)
Sebastian Currier (born 1959)
Hoyt Curtin (1922–2000)
Walter Damrosch (1862–1950)
Joseph Dangerfield (born 1977)
Richard Danielpour (born 1956)
Mabel Wheeler Daniels (1878–1971)
Michael Daugherty (born 1954)
Mario Davidovsky (1934–2019)
Don Davis (born 1957)
Katherine K. Davis (1892–1980)
Reginald De Koven (1859–1920)
Edmond Dédé (1827–1903)
David Del Tredici (born 1937)
Norman Dello Joio (1913–2008)
Stuart Dempster (born 1936)
James Di Pasquale (born 1941)
Rocco Di Pietro (born 1949)
David Diamond (1915–2005)
Clarence Dickinson (1873–1969)
Emma Lou Diemer (born 1927)
Fannie Charles Dillon (1881–1947)
Lawrence Dillon (born 1959)
Charles Dodge (born 1942)
Daniel Dorff (born 1956)
Celius Dougherty (1902–1986)
John Thomas Douglass (1847–1886)
John W. Downey (1927–2004)
Deborah Drattell (born 1956)
Paul Dresher (born 1951)
Jacob Druckman (1928–1996)
William Duckworth (1943–2012)
John Woods Duke (1899–1984)
Vernon Duke (1903–1969)
Dennis Eberhard (1943–2005)
Clara Edwards (1880–1974)
Cecil Effinger (1914–1990)
Henry Eichheim (1870–1942)
Danny Elfman (born 1953)
Bradley Ellingboe (born 1958)
Duke Ellington (1899–1974)
Abraham Ellstein (1907–1963)
Donald Erb (1927–2008)
Robert Erickson (1917–1997)
Pozzi Escot (born 1933)
Alvin Etler (1913–1973)
Ralph Evans (born 1953)
Eric Ewazen (born 1954)
Roopam Garg (born 1995)
Ferde Grofé (1892–1972)

Ukraine

Hryhory Alchevsky (1866–1920)
Mykola Arkas (1853–1909)
Svitlana Azarova (born 1976)
Virko Baley (born 1938)
Lev Barenboim (1906–1985)
Alexandre Barjansky (1883–1961)
Vasyl Barvinsky (1888–1963)
Maxim Berezovsky (c. 1745–1777)
Oleksandr Bilash (1931–2003)
Timofiy Bilohradsky (c. 1710 – c. 1782)
Felix Blumenfeld (1863 –1931)
Dmytro Bortnyansky (1751–1825)
Valentyn Borysov (1901–1988)
Platon Gregoriewitch Brounoff (1859–1924)
Mikhail Bukinik (1872–1947)
Konstantyn Dankevych (1905–1984)
Ivan Domaratsky
Eduard Drach (born 1965)
Lesia Dychko (born 1939)
Mykola Dyletsky (c. 1630–1690)
Konstantin Eiges (1875–1950)
Yuriy Fedynsky (born 1975)
Arkady Filippenko (1912–1983)
Volodymyr Flys (1924–1987)
Bohdana Frolyak (born 1968)
Alexander Gauk (1893–1963)
Mikhail Goldstein (1917–1989)
Yefim Golyshev (1897–1970)
Mykhailo Haivoronsky (1892–1949)
Hanna Havrylets' (born 1958)
Vitaliy Hodziatsky (born 1936)
Leonid Hrabovsky (born 1935)
Volodymyr Huba (1938–2020)
Vitaliy Hubarenko (1934–2000)
Semen Hulak-Artemovsky (1813–1873)
Roman Hurko (born 1962)
Volodymyr Ivasyuk (1949–1979)
Basilio Kaczurak (1919–1987)
Ivan Karabyts (1945–2002)
Hnat Khotkevych (1877–1938)
Valeri Kikta (born 1941)
Alexis Kochan (born 1953)
Filaret Kolessa (1871–1947)
Mykola Kolessa (1903–2006)
Taras Kompanichenko (born 1969)
Viktor Kosenko (1896–1938)
Alexander Koshetz (1875–1944)
Oleksandr Kozarenko (born 1963)
Oleksandr Krasotov (1936–2007)
Fritz Kreisler (1875–1962)
Vitalij Kuprij (born 1974)
Iryna Kyrylina (1953–2017)
Hryhory Kytasty (1907–1984)
Mykola Leontovych (1877–1921)
Borys Lyatoshynsky (1895–1968)
Mykola Lysenko (1842–1912)
Stanyslav Lyudkevych (1879–1979)
Heorhiy Maiboroda (1913–1992)
Platon Maiboroda (1918–1989)
Eusebius Mandyczewski (1857–1929)
Igor Markevitch (1912–1983)
Mykola Markevych (1804–1860)
Igor Matsiyevsky (born 1941)
Yuliy Meitus (1903–1997)
Mykola Mozhovyy (1947–2010)
Mykola Mykhailov (1903–1936)
Petro Nishchynsky (1832–1896)
Yuriy Oliynyk (1931–2021)
Tomasz Padura (1801–1871)
Alla Pavlova (born 1952)
Symeon Pekalytsky (c. 1630–c. at the end of 1690s)
Ihor Poklad (born 1941)
Victoria Poleva (born 1962)
Alexey Retinsky (born 1986)
Levko Revutsky (1889–1877)
Mykola Roslavets (1881–1944)
Dorian Rudnytsky (born 1944)
Volodymyr Runchak (born 1960)
Mariana Sadovska (born 1972)
Ihor Shamo (1925–1982)
Alexander Shchetynsky (born 1960)
Andriy Shtoharenko (1902–1992)
Aleksandr Shymko (born 1977)
Roman Simovych (1901–1984)
Mikhail Skorulskyi (1887–1950)
Myroslav Skoryk (1938–2020)
Hryhorii Skovoroda (1722–1794)
Ihor Sonevytsky (1926–2006)
Yevhen Stankovych (born 1942)
Yakiv Stepovy (1883–1921)
Kyrylo Stetsenko (1882–1922)
Valentyn Sylvestrov (born 1937)
Stefania Turkewich (1898–1977)
Roman Turovsky-Savchuk (born 1961)
Anatole Vakhnianyn (1841–1908)
Artem Vedel (c. 1767–1808)
Mykhaylo Verbytsky (1815–1870)
Vasyl Verkhovynets (1880–1938)
Hryhoriy Veryovka (1895–1964)
Mykola Vilinsky (1888–1856)
Sydir Vorobkevych (1836–1903)
Konstanty Wileński (born 1949)
Peter Wilhousky (1902–1978)
Yakiv Yatsynevych (1869–1945)
Ludmila Yurina (born 1962)
Vsevolod Zaderatsky (1891–1953)
Alla Zahaikevych (born 1966)
Sigismund Zaremba (1861–1915)
León Zuckert (1904–1992)
Valentyn Silvestrov (1937)
Iryna Aleksiychuk (born 1967) www.iryna-aleksiychuk-composer.com

Uruguay

Miguel del Águila (born 1957)

References

^ Leonardo Manzino (2001). "González, Jaime". González, Jaime. Grove Music Online. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.46941.
^ Victoria Eli Rodríguez (2001). "González, Hilario". Grove Music Online. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.46050.
^ Enrique Iturriaga (2001). "González Gamarra, Francisco". Grove Music Online. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.45211.

External links

Union of Belgian Composers (in Dutch and French)
Union of Bulgarian Composers

This article includes a music-related list of lists.

[1] Leonardo Manzino (2001). "González, Jaime". González, Jaime. Grove Music Online. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.46941.

[2] Victoria Eli Rodríguez (2001). "González, Hilario". Grove Music Online. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.46050.

[3] Enrique Iturriaga (2001). "González Gamarra, Francisco". Grove Music Online. Oxford University Press. doi:10.1093/gmo/9781561592630.article.45211.

[1]

[2]

[3]

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