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List of people from the Bronx

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This is a list of people who were either born or have lived in the Bronx, a borough of New York City, at some time in their lives. Many of the early historical figures lived in that part of Westchester County which later became part of the Bronx.

This is a dynamic list and may never be able to satisfy particular standards for completeness. You can help by adding missing items with reliable sources.

Academics and science

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Arts

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Architecture, art and photography

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Journalists and writers

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Edgar Allan Poe Cottage 2640 Grand Concourse, in the Fordham section of the Bronx. Poe spent the last few years of his life there.

Film, television, radio, dance and theatre

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Music

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Government and politics

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JFK House 5040 Independence Avenue. The house where John F. Kennedy lived when he was a student at Riverdale Country School from 1927 through 1930. This house is located at 5040 Independence Avenue, across the street from Wave Hill.[114]

Sports

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Lou Gehrig, Hall of Famer
Hank Greenberg, Hall of Famer and two-time MVP
Dolph Schayes, Hall of Famer

Name givers

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Activists

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Business

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Attorneys

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Infamous

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See also

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References

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  1. ^ Pearce, Jeremy (January 12, 2006). "Dr. Ira B. Black, 64, Leader in New Jersey Stem Cell Effort, Dies". The New York Times. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
  2. ^ Sam Roberts, "Roscoe C. Brown, 94, Tuskegee Airman and Political Confidant," New York Times, July 7, 2016
  3. ^ Sam Roberts, "Morton Deutsch, conflict resolution expert, dies at 97," New York Times, March 23, 2017
  4. ^ Ian Frazer, "Old Hatreds," New Yorker, August 26, 2019, p. 36.
  5. ^ "Gertrude Elion | Jewish Women's Archive". jwa.org. Retrieved September 1, 2019.
  6. ^ George Johnson, "Murray Gell-Mann,Who Peered at Particles and Saw the Universe, Dies at 89." New York Times, May 25, 2019.
  7. ^ Miller, Jim (November 8, 1987). "Tears and Riots, Love and Regrets". The New York Times. Retrieved October 29, 2011. "Mr. Gitlin was born in 1943. Growing up in the Bronx, the middle-class son of liberal Jewish parents, he was, as he recalls, 'studious and clean-cut,' a straight-arrow fan of Adlai Stevenson."
  8. ^ Katherine Seelye, "Fred Greenstein, 88, A Political 'Psychologist' Who Assessed Presidents." New York Times, December 16, 2018
  9. ^ Robert McFadden, "Inventor of a life-saving maneuver", The New York Times, December 21, 2016
  10. ^ a b The New York Times obituary. November 20, 2008.
  11. ^ The New York Times obituary. December 10, 2008.
  12. ^ "Nobel Prize Winner Hails from the Bronx," MyFoxNY.com "Winner of Nobel prize talks with Good Day New York - New York News | NYC Breaking News". Archived from the original on October 29, 2012. Retrieved September 28, 2012.
  13. ^ Pasachoff, Jay M. (February 2010). "Norm Levitt: An Obituary". The Skeptical Inquirer. 34 (1). Committee for Skeptical Inquiry. Archived from the original on November 4, 2013. Retrieved April 28, 2016.
  14. ^ Thomas Blass, "The Man Who Shocked the World" Psychology Today, March 1, 2002
  15. ^ Jason Kersten, "Dept. of Superlatives: Totally" New Yorker, August 28, 2017: 28–29
  16. ^ Overbye, Dennis (September 21, 2009). "An Odyssey from the Bronx to Saturn's Rings". The New York Times. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
  17. ^ Natalia Vonnegut, "Alan Pred in Memoriam","Allan Pred in Memoriam". Archived from the original on March 31, 2012. Retrieved March 30, 2012.
  18. ^ Sam Roberts, "Howard Raifa, 92, Negotiation Scientist" New York Times, July 18, 2016
  19. ^ "Ken Schaffer: What's the Frequency?" http://www.nutcom.com/?cat=3
  20. ^ "In Memoriam: Edward W. Soja". December 17, 2015.
  21. ^ Markoff, John (September 6, 2009). Robert Spinrad, a Pioneer in Computing, Dies at 77". The New York Times. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
  22. ^ Byrne, Peter (July 2011). "Bad Boy of Physics". Scientific American. pp. 80–83.
  23. ^ Gellene, Denise (June 2, 2011). "Rosalyn S. Yalow, Nobel Medical Physicist, Dies at 89". The New York Times.
  24. ^ Berger, Joseph (December 10, 2009). "Yosef H. Yerushalmi, Scholar of Jewish History, Dies at 77". The New York Times. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
  25. ^ Frazier, Ian (December 21, 2009). "Dept. of Orientation: El Super". The New Yorker, p. 50.
  26. ^ Friend, Tad (May 31, 2010). "Big Game Dept.: No Pictures". The New Yorker, pp. 24–25.
  27. ^ Rosenblum, Constance (August 20, 2009). "Grand Wasn't It?". The New York Times. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
  28. ^ Hevesi, Dennis (December 7, 2010)."Garry Gross Is Dead at 73; Photographer of Clothes and Their Absence". The New York Times. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
  29. ^ McNay, Michael (July 31, 2005). "Al Held – American Painter Who Found His Voice in Hard Edge Abstraction". The Guardian. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
  30. ^ (November 21, 2017). "Joel Iskowitz Artistic Infusion Program Designer". United States Mint. Retrieved December 27, 2017.
  31. ^ Weber, Bruce. (August 11, 2009). "Marcey Jacobson, a Photographer Inspired by Mexico, Dies at 97". The New York Times. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
  32. ^ Landfield, Ronnie; Morgan, Robert C.; Landfield, Jenny (2007). Ronnie Landfield – Paintings from Five Decades – September 16 – November 25, 2007 (exhibition catalogue). Youngstown, Ohio: Butler Institute of American Art. "Beginnings". pp. 7–10. ISBN 978-1-882790-50-0.
  33. ^ "Whitfield Lovell biographical notes".
  34. ^ Yau, John (July–August 2006). "Whitfield Lovell with John Yau". The Brooklyn Rail. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
  35. ^ "MacArthur Fellows 2007 – Whitfield Lovell". John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation. September 2007. Archived from the original on October 27, 2011. Retrieved October 29, 2011.
  36. ^ Video (requires Adobe Flash; 00:02:11) (June 11, 2008). "2007 MacArthur Fellow: Whitfield Lovell". John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation (via its YouTube channel). Archived from the original on December 19, 2021. Retrieved October 29, 2011.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (link) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  37. ^ "Oral history interview with Merryll Saylan, 2006 May 20 – June 5". Archives of American Art, Smithsonian Institution. 2006. Retrieved September 22, 2019.
  38. ^ Robert McFadden, "Phil Stern, Photographer; Chronicler of Movie Stars and a President was 95" New York Times, December 16, 2014"
  39. ^ Smith, Roberta (August 31, 1999). "George Sugarman, a Sculptor Of Colorful Works, Dies at 87". The New York Times. Retrieved October 28, 2011.
  40. ^ Kate Dwyer, "A Photographer of the Hip-Hop Age." New York Times, December 1, 2019, p. ST10
  41. ^ George Gene Gustines, "At Bronx Corner, Gothamd City Honors One of Its Own." New York Times, December 17, 2017
  42. ^ Saperstein, Pat (October 8, 2015). "Hy Hollinger, Longtime Variety Reporter, Dies at 97".
  43. ^ Margalit Fox, "Bel Kaufman, Who Told What School Was Really Like, Dies at 103." New York Times, July 28, 2014. [1]
  44. ^ Liptak, Adam (March 25, 2013). "Anthony Lewis, Supreme Court Reporter Who Brought Law to Life, Dies at 85". The New York Times.
  45. ^ Hilton Als, "Urban Blight: The World of Kenneth Lonergan," New Yorker, September 22, 2014, pp. 107–109
  46. ^ Sarah Crown, "A Reading Class in Masters of the Short Story." Guardian News Service, accessed via Toronto Globe and Mail, Review section, December 12, 2009.
  47. ^ Jeffrey Toobin, "Feeding the Beast." The New Yorker. July 3, 2017
  48. ^ Fox, Margalit (July 24, 2002). "Chaim Potok, 73, Dies; Novelist Illumined the World of Hasidic Judaism". The New York Times. Retrieved December 1, 2007. "Herman Harold Potok was born in the Bronx on Feb. 17, 1929."
  49. ^ Junco, Maite (March 29, 2012). "Gay coming-of-age novel 'Chulito' puts Hunts Point in the literary map". The New York Daily News. Retrieved October 16, 2015.
  50. ^ Robert McFadden, "Willim Safire, Political Columnist and Oracle of Language, Dies at 79" The New York Times, September 29, 2009.
  51. ^ Antonio "the Marine" Santiago Recognized as Puerto Rico's Foremost Military Historian, SomosPrimos.com, August 2010; retrieved May 15, 2013.
  52. ^ Flint, Peter B. (February 5, 1990). "Kate Simon, Acclaimed Memoirist And Travel Writer, Is Dead at 77". The New York Times. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  53. ^ "Renowned journalist Arthur Spiegelman dies at 68 - Yahoo! News". news.yahoo.com. Archived from the original on December 25, 2008.
  54. ^ Boxer, Sarah (November 29, 1997). "Wry Child of the Unconscious; William Steig, 90, on Art, Life and the Mysterious Orgone". The New York Times. Retrieved November 5, 2007. "He was born in 1907, grew up in the Bronx and had what he once called a defective education."
  55. ^ Goodman, Jonathan (January–February 2001). "Wave Hill: Sculpture in the Garden". Sculpture. Retrieved August 7, 2013. "Mark Twain rented Wave Hill from 1901 through 1903, and Arturo Toscanini lived there from 1942 through 1945."
  56. ^ Sam Roberts, "Ben Wattenberg, Author and Commentator, Dies at 81", The New York Times, June 30, 2015
  57. ^ "Goings on About Town," New Yorker, June 26, 2017, p. 10.
  58. ^ Norman, Michael (January 21, 1990). "His Bus Came In". The New York Times. "Later, when the family moved near Boston Road in the Bronx, the progenitor showed himself even less."
  59. ^ Meade, Marion. The Unruly Life of Woody Allen. New York City: Charles Scribner's Sons. Chapter 1 reprinted in [2].
  60. ^ Harmetz, Aljean (July 11, 2006). "June Allyson, Adoring Wife in MGM Films, Is Dead at 88". The New York Times. Retrieved November 5, 2007. "June Allyson was born Ella Geisman on Oct. 7, 1917, in the Bronx."
  61. ^ [better source needed] [3]. Internet Movie Database.
  62. ^ "Screen Legend Lauren Bacall Dies at 89". August 12, 2014.
  63. ^ Berkvist, Robert (June 8, 2005). "Anne Bancroft, Stage and Film Star in Voracious and Vulnerable Roles, Dies at 73". The New York Times. Retrieved November 5, 2007. "Anna Maria Louisa Italiano was born on Sept. 17, 1931, in the Bronx to Italian immigrant parents."
  64. ^ a b "Place of Birth Index". Who2.com. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  65. ^ Associated Press,"Joey Boots of The Howard Stern Show dead at 49"
  66. ^ Severo, Richard (October 19, 2007). "Joey Bishop, 89, Last of the Rat Pack, Is Dead". The New York Times. Retrieved November 5, 2007. "Joey Bishop was born Joseph Abraham Gottlieb in the Bronx on Feb. 3, 1918, the fifth child and third son of Jacob Gottlieb and the former Anna Siegel, immigrants from Eastern Europe."
  67. ^ Rothstein, Mervyn (July 14, 2006). "Comedian Red Buttons Dies at 87". The New York Times. Retrieved November 5, 2007. "He first attended P.S. 104 on East Fourth Street, but then his family moved to the Bronx, to 176th Street and Marmion Avenue."
  68. ^ Weinraub, Bernard (May 17, 2004). "James Caan Takes a Gamble On 'Las Vegas,' and Scores". The New York Times. Retrieved November 5, 2007. "Born in the Bronx, reared in Queens, where his family owned a kosher meat market, Mr. Caan said he ran with a tough crowd, wanted to be a professional football player but wound up, for reasons he is still not entirely sure about, auditioning and being accepted at the Neighborhood Playhouse in Manhattan."
  69. ^ Emily Nussbaum, "Mr. Big." The New Yorker, May 14, 2018
  70. ^ David Marc and Robert Thompson, Prime Time Prime Movers, Boston: Little Brown, 1992
  71. ^ Leah Morrison, "Lights Camera Sandy!" Lifestyles Magazine, January 2017, pp. 22–25
  72. ^ a b Reeves Wiedeman, "Only in New York: Talk to Me." The New Yorker, p. 20. February 9, 2005
  73. ^ a b Weiner, Jonah How Desus and Kid Mero Went From Twitter Cranks to Comedy's Hottest Duo Rolling Stone. July 8, 2015
  74. ^ "nycplus.com". www.afternic.com.
  75. ^ Bowles, Scott (May 7, 2010). "Favreau's a Comic-Book Hero." USA Today. pp. 1D-2D.
  76. ^ Dave Itzkoff, "Howard Gottfried, 94, Producer of 'Network', Dies. New York Times, December 17, 2017
  77. ^ Bruce Weber, "Don Gregory Dies at 80: Produced Solo Plays." New York Times, November 10, 2015
  78. ^ "Bernard Hermann (American Composer), Encyclopædia Britannica – [4]; Jim Fusilli, "The Psycho Maestro at 100." Wall Street Journal, July 2, 2011.
  79. ^ Merwin, Ted (May 14, 2014). "Hal Linden Brings His Clarinet Back Home". The Jewish Week. Retrieved October 2, 2021.
  80. ^ "Lindsay Lohan's chequered life in the spotlight". BBC. July 7, 2010. Retrieved December 28, 2016.
  81. ^ Rebecca Mead, "Lost Time," New Yorker, November 7, 2016
  82. ^ a b Rosenblum, Constance (August 21, 2009). "Grand, Wasn't It?". The New York Times.
  83. ^ Wheeler, Brad (March 19, 2012). "Tracy Morgan". The Globe and Mail. p. R3.
  84. ^ Fox, Margalit (December 28, 2008). "Robert Mulligan, Director, Is Dead at 83". The New York Times.
  85. ^ "Bess Myerson, the 1st Jewish Miss America, dies at 90 - Yahoo News". news.yahoo.com. Archived from the original on January 6, 2015.
  86. ^ Hilton Als, "Body Politics", New Yorker, April 24, 2017, p. 26
  87. ^ Maryland Commission for Women (2008). "Toby Barbara Orenstein, Maryland Women's Hall of Fame". msa.maryland.gov. Retrieved October 11, 2017.
  88. ^ James, Caryn (July 9, 1995). "Do the Movies Get New York Right?". The New York Times. Retrieved November 5, 2007. "Mr. Palminteri, who grew up in the Bronx on 187th Street and Belmont Avenue, said, Basically the story was about this medieval village in the Bronx, but it was so truthful and so real about the Bronx."
  89. ^ Weber, Bruce (November 28, 2012). "Martin Richards, Broadway Producer, Is Dead at 80". The New York Times.
  90. ^ "Mi6.co.uk".
  91. ^ Antony Lane, "Deeo and Dark", The New Yorker, December 21, 2015: 117
  92. ^ Chris Alexander, "Horror Legends Talk about Hollywood." Metro Toronto October 28, 2016
  93. ^ Steve Gow, "Saoirse Steps into Role She's Lived." Metro Toronto, November 20, 2015, p. 26.
  94. ^ Carlos Aguilar, "20 Essential Latino Films Since 2000", The New York Times, October 4, p. AR7
  95. ^ Sanneh, Kelefa (August 3, 2009). "Party of One". The New Yorker, p. 53.
  96. ^ Gates, Anita (October 26, 2010). "Joseph Stein, 'Fiddler on the Roof' Author, Dies at 98". The New York Times.
  97. ^ "Rachel Ticotin Biography (1958-)". www.filmreference.com.
  98. ^ Weber, Bruce (October 2, 2009). "Douglas Watt, New York Theater Critic, Dies at 95". The New York Times. Retrieved October 5, 2009.
  99. ^ Fernandez, Manny (June 17, 2006). "For One Week, a Bronx Cheer Means Cheering for the Borough", The New York Times. Retrieved October 28, 2011. "The Bronx is also Afrika Bambaataa, who, while growing up in the Bronx River Houses, became a D.J. in the early 1970s."
  100. ^ Fox, Margalit (December 15, 2011). "Anthony Amato, 91, Owner of Feisty Opera". The New York Times.
  101. ^ Joseph Berger, "Claire Barry, a Singer in Sister Duo, Dies at 94," New York Times, December 3, 2014
  102. ^ Erin Donnelly, "Jennifer Lopez opens up about dating Sean 'Diddy' Combs and Ben Affleck." Yahoo Entertainment, December 22, 2019. [5]
  103. ^ Rotella, Mark (October 2, 2005). "Straight Out of Newark", The New York Times. Retrieved October 9, 2007. "Originally from the Bronx, Mr. Gaudio had, at age 15, written the hit "Who Wears Short Shorts," which he made up while driving with friends along the main drag in Bergenfield."
  104. ^ Martin, Douglas (April 23, 2013). "Richie Havens, a Soulful Folk Singer Who Riveted Woodstock, Dies at 72". The New York Times.
  105. ^ Richard Sandomir, "Rita Houston, 59, Bronx D.J. who lifted music careers." New York Times. January 5, 2021.
  106. ^ Nate Chinen, "Bobby Hutcherson, 75, Jazz Vibraphonist with Luminescent and Cooly Fluid Style," New York Times, August 17, 2016
  107. ^ Sisario, Ben (January 19, 2011). "Don Kirshner, 76, TV Host and Shaper of Hit Records". The New York Times.
  108. ^ Tom Huizinga, "Clarinetist Anthony McGill Kneels, Pleads And Plays For Justice." NPR Music, June 4, 2020. [6]
  109. ^ Joan Cook, "Abel Meeropol, 83, a songwriter, dies" New York Times October 31, 1986, https://www.nytimes.com/1986/10/31/obituaries/abel-meeropol-83-a-songwriter-dies.html
  110. ^ Drape, Joe (November 11, 2010). "The Sweet Tune of Perfection". The New York Times, pp. B12, B15.
  111. ^ Wilkinson, Alec (August 9, 2010). "New York Is Killing Me". The New Yorker. August 9, 2010, pp. 26–32.
  112. ^ Holmes, Charles (January 3, 2019). "Rising Bronx Rapper Lil Tjay Will Make You Feel Old". Rolling Stone. Retrieved September 10, 2019.
  113. ^ Walk This Way: The Autobiography of Aerosmith (1999 paperback edition) Harper Collins Publishers, p. 23. ISBN 0-06-051580-5
  114. ^ "New York Today: J.F.K. in the Bronx". The New York Times.
  115. ^ Anders, "Interview with Brian G. Andersson", Lightray
  116. ^ "Governor Andrew M. Cuomo". Ny.gov. March 10, 2011. Archived from the original on December 25, 2010. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  117. ^ Barbaro, Michael (January 3, 2011). "Enter Swinging: Exit: Much the Same Way". The New York Times.
  118. ^ Weber, Bruce (August 24, 2010). "Benjamin Kaplan, Crucial Figure in Nazi Trials, Dies at 99". The New York Times.
  119. ^ Gross, Max (April 24, 2008). "Riverdale Run". The New York Post. New York. Retrieved May 3, 2008. John F. Kennedy spent his youth in an enormous white mansion on Independence Avenue
  120. ^ Ottoman, Sharon (February 12, 2020). "The Bizarre Life of the Man Accused in the Sarah Lawrence Sex Case". New York Times. [7]
  121. ^ Hevesi, Dennis (July 7, 2008). "Norman Marcus, New York City Zoning Expert, Dies at 75". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved July 21, 2020.
  122. ^ Rick Rojas and Emily Palmer, "At Funeral Mass, Police Leader is Remembered as 'One of a Kind'". New York Times, August 24, 2016
  123. ^ Peterson, John. "Trotsky in January 1917: "Bronx Man Leads Russian Revolution"". In Defence of Marxism.
  124. ^ Casey Cep, "A radical faith", New Yorker, April 10: 74.
  125. ^ "Gotham Gazette". www.gothamgazette.com. Retrieved July 21, 2020.
  126. ^ "Urstadt, a neighborhood founder, reflects on his last days in Battery Park City". downtownexpress.com. Archived from the original on February 28, 2010.
  127. ^ "Saquon Barkley biography – Personal". GoPSUsports. Archived from the original on February 22, 2018. Retrieved February 22, 2018.
  128. ^ a b c Grant, Jason (August 3, 2009). "More Than Playing Ball on a South Bronx Playground". The New York Times.
  129. ^ Baseball Digest 1977. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  130. ^ Julie Bosman (October 31, 2011). "Elite Runner Lives and Trains in New York". The New York Times.
  131. ^ Andrew Marantz, "Up Life's Ladder: Touche" New Yorker, April 8, 2016, pp. 24–25
  132. ^ Goldstein, Richard (November 28, 2012). "The Bargainer Who Remade the Old Ball Game". The New York Times.
  133. ^ Juliet Macur, Juliet (August 1, 2012). "Getting Back Up is Nothing New for Bronx Gymnast". The New York Times.
  134. ^ "Leaving his Atlantic City club job set Damian Priest up for WWE stardom". New York Post. July 23, 2022. Archived from the original on May 24, 2023.
  135. ^ James Wagner, "A Minor League Hit Machine Tries to Keep Producing with the Mets." New York Times, August 18, 2016
  136. ^ Andrew Keh, "Smashing a Ceiling and A Lot of Egos," New York Times sports section, August 17, 2014
  137. ^  • Hoose, Phillip H. (2009). Claudette Colvin – Twice Toward Justice. New York City: Farrar, Straus and Giroux. ISBN 978-0-374-31322-7.
     • Barnes, Brooks (November 26, 2009). "From Footnote to Fame in Civil Rights History". The New York Times.
  138. ^ Richard Severo and William McDonald, "Jack Greenberg Dies at 91, Las Survivor of a Legendary Civil Rights Legal Team," New York Times, October 13, 2016
  139. ^ Gina Bellafante, "These Pioneers Reclaimed Pride," New York Times, May 19, 2019, p. A26
  140. ^ Connie Loizos, "Jim Steyer runs the powerful nonprofit Common Sense Media; now he's using his influence to battle big tech". TechCrunch, February 12, 2019.[8]
  141. ^ Martin, Douglas (October 22, 2010). "Elizabeth L. Sturz, 93, Dies; Salvaged Troubled Lives". The New York Times, p. A23.
  142. ^ "Report on Business". The Globe and Mail. April 17, 2010.
  143. ^ Bruch, Connie (December 10, 2010). "The Art of the Billionaire". The New Yorker.
  144. ^ Paumgarten, Nick (September 20, 2010). "The Merchant" The New Yorker, pp. 74–87.
  145. ^ "This page is available to GlobePlus subscribers". The Globe and Mail. Retrieved March 14, 2011.
  146. ^ The Inland Printer, Volume 69, Maclean-Hunter Publishing Corporation, 1922, p. 851.
  147. ^ Talese, Gay (January 22, 2011). "Four Hundred Dresses". The New Yorker, p. 22.
  148. ^ James Barron, "An Adman's Big Pitch: His Life Work", The New York Times, January 18, 2016
  149. ^ Sam Roberts, "Wiliam E. Macaulay, 74, Patron of Tuition-Free College", The New York Times, December 8, 2019, p. 38.
  150. ^ J.T.Scharf, History of Westchester County New York, Including Morrisania, Kings Bridge, and West Farms, which Have Been Annexed to New York City, Volume 1, Part 2, 1886, p. 831
  151. ^ Fox, Margait (December 16, 2009). "Sol Price, Who Founded Price Club, Is Dead at 93". The New York Times.
  152. ^ Mattathias Schwartz, "The Advocate" New York Times Magazine, June 7, 2020,pp. 2025, 42–45.
  153. ^ Karen Freifeld, "White House lawyer in Trump trial is both defender and key witness to events". Reuters, January 21, 2020. https://www.reuters.com/article/us-usa-trump-impeachment-cipollone/white-house-lawyer-in-trump-trial-is-both-defender-and-key-witness-to-events-idUSKBN1ZK1DD?feedType=RSS&feedName=topNews
  154. ^ Genzlinger, Neil (September 6, 2020). "Gerald Shur, Architect of Witness Protection Program, Dies at 86". The New York Times. Retrieved December 15, 2020.
  155. ^ Scott Pham, et al., "The Banker Was A Spy." Buzzfeed News, September 22, 2020. [9]
  156. ^ Ben Schreckinger. "The Trouble With Ivanka's Business Partner. Politico, August 27, 2017 [10]
  157. ^ [Michael Kaufman and Sam Roberts, "Morton Sobell, 101, Who Spent Years Denying His Role as Soviet Spy, Dies, The New York Times, January 31, 2019]
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