Jump to content

List of American conservatives

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

American conservatism is a broad system of political beliefs in the United States characterized by respect for American traditions, republicanism, support for Judeo-Christian values,[1] moral absolutism,[2] free markets and free trade,[3][4] anti-communism,[4][5] individualism,[4] advocacy of American exceptionalism,[6] and a defense of Western culture from the threats, whether real or perceived, posed by anarchism, communism, socialism, liberalism, authoritarianism, and moral relativism.[7] The recent movement is based in the Republican Party, though some Democrats were also important figures early in the movement's history.[8][9]

The following list is made up of prominent American conservatives from the public and private sectors. The list also includes political parties, organizations and media outlets which have made a notable impact on conservatism in the United States. Entries on the list must have achieved notability after 1932, the beginning of the Fifth Party System. Before 1932, terminology was different. Positions that are called conservative after 1932, were typically called "liberal" (i.e. classical liberal) before then. Likewise European liberals, such as Friedrich Hayek, were called conservatives when they came to America, which puzzled Hayek.[10]

People

[edit]

Intellectuals, writers, and activists

[edit]
William F. Buckley Jr., conservative writer
Bill Kristol, conservative writer
Phyllis Schlafly speaking at CPAC 2011
Name Lifetime Notability Ref.
George Santayana 1863–1952 philosopher and author [11]
Garet Garrett 1878–1954 financial journalist [12]
Frank Knight 1885–1972 economist [13][14]
Walter Lippmann 1889–1974 reporter and public intellectual [15]
Ernst Kantorowicz 1895–1963 historian [16]
Clarence Manion 1896–1979 direct-mailer [17]
Leo Strauss 1899–1973 political philosopher [18]
Whittaker Chambers 1901–1961 author of Witness [19][20]
Will Herberg 1901–1977 sociologist [21]
Eric Hoffer 1902–1983 philosopher [22]
James Burnham 1905–1987 political philosopher and co-founder and editor of National Review [23]
Hannah Arendt 1906–1975 historian and philosopher [24][25][26]
Willard Van Orman Quine 1908–2000 philosopher and logician [27][28]
Willmoore Kendall 1909–1967 political philosopher [29]
Frank Meyer 1909–1972 editor of the Books, Arts and Manners section of National Review [30]
Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn 1909–1999 journalist and political philosopher [31]
Richard M. Weaver 1910–1963 author of Ideas Have Consequences [32][33]
George J. Stigler 1911–1991 economist [34]
Milton Friedman 1912–2006 economist [35]
Robert Nisbet 1913–1996 sociologist [36]
Daniel J. Boorstin 1914–2004 historian [37]
Russell Kirk 1918–1994 author of The Conservative Mind [32][38]
Thomas Molnar 1921–2010 political philosopher and historian [39]
William A. Rusher 1923–2011 publisher of National Review [40]
Stanley Jaki 1924–2009 philosopher of science and historian [41]
Phyllis Schlafly 1924–2016 activist [42]
John Lukacs 1924–2019 historian [43]
William F. Buckley Jr. 1925–2008 author, television host, and founder of National Review [44][45]
L. Brent Bozell Jr. 1926–1997 speechwriter for Senator Joseph McCarthy [45]
Tim LaHaye 1926–2016 author and political activist [46]
Forrest McDonald 1927–2016 historian [47]
Beverly LaHaye 1929–2024 activist and founder of Concerned Women for America [48][49][50][51]
Irving Kristol 1920–2009 Neoconservative author and writer
Eugene Genovese 1930–2012 historian [52]
Thomas Sowell 1930– author, columnist, professor, and economist at the Hoover Institution [53]
James Q. Wilson 1931–2012 social scientist [54]
Christopher Lasch 1932–1994 historian and social critic [55]
Harvey Mansfield 1932– political philosopher [56]
Richard Viguerie 1933– media pioneer [57][58]
Mel Bradford 1934–1993 literary critic and legal scholar [59]
Richard John Neuhaus 1936–2009 founder of First Things [60]
John Kekes 1936– philosopher [61]
Walter E. Williams 1938–2020 author, columnist, and economics professor [62][63][64]
Arthur Laffer 1940– economist [65]
George Will 1941– columnist for the Washington Post [66][67]
Edwin Feulner 1941– founder of The Heritage Foundation [68]
Paul Gottfried 1941– political philosopher and historian [69]
Paul Weyrich 1942–2008 president of The Heritage Foundation [70]
Claes G. Ryn 1943– political philosopher [71]
Scott Soames 1945– philosopher [72]
Joseph Sobran 1946–2010 writer for National Review [73]
Charles Krauthammer 1950–2018 public intellectual [74]
Peggy Noonan 1950– columnist for The Wall Street Journal [53]
Larry Schweikart 1951– historian [75]
Bill Kristol 1952– former editor of The Weekly Standard [76]
Carol Swain 1954– Former political science professor at Vanderbilt University
Terry Teachout 1956–2022 drama critic, biographer, and playwright [77]
Grover Norquist 1956– president of Americans for Tax Reform [76]
Mark Bauerlein 1959– literary critic and senior editor of First Things [78]
Dinesh D'Souza 1961– author and filmmaker [79][80]
Leigh-Allyn Baker 1972– actress and pro-life activist [81]
Charlie Kirk 1993– Founder and President of Turning Point USA, author and political commentator [82]

Politicians, office holders, and jurists

[edit]
Donald Trump speaking at the Conservative Political Action Conference (CPAC)
Mike Pence speaks at a campaign rally in Phoenix, Arizona, August 2016.
Sarah Palin speaking at the CPAC
Vice President Dick Cheney (right) with Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld (left) and President George W. Bush (center)
Senator Barry Goldwater (right) meeting with President Ronald Reagan (left) in the oval office in 1984
Congresswoman Liz Cheney in 2016
Name Lifetime Notability Ref.
Senator Arthur H. Vandenberg 1884–1951 Known for his opposition to the New Deal [83]
Senator Robert A. Taft 1889–1953 First chairman of the Senate Republican Policy Committee [84]
Senator John W. Bricker 1893–1986 Thomas E. Dewey's running mate in the 1944 presidential election [85]
Senator Everett Dirksen 1896–1969 Republican senator who helped get the Civil Rights Act passed [86]
Ambassador Clare Boothe Luce 1903–1987 Politician, writer, and ambassador [87]
Senator Joseph McCarthy 1908–1957 Known for his principal role in the Red Scare of the 1950s [88][89]
Senator Barry Goldwater 1909–1998 1964 Republican presidential nominee [32]
President Ronald Reagan 1911–2004 40th President of the United States [90][91]
Secretary of State Henry Kissinger 1923–2023 Secretary of State during the Richard Nixon and Gerald Ford administrations [92]
Chief Justice William Rehnquist 1924–2005 Chief Justice of the Supreme Court [93]
Congressman James Edmund Jeffries 1925 - 1997 Member, United States House of Representatives from Kansas (1979 - 1983)
UN Ambassador Jeane Kirkpatrick 1926–2006 Ambassador to the United Nations under Ronald Reagan [94]
Attorney General Edwin Meese 1931– Attorney General during the Reagan Administration [95]
Congressman Jack Kemp 1935–2009 1996 Republican vice presidential nominee known for his support of supply-side economics and urban renewal [96]
Congressman Larry McDonald 1935–1983 Served as president of the John Birch Society [97]
Congressman Ron Paul 1935– Presidential candidate (1988 Libertarian Party nominee, 2008 Republican candidate, 2012 Republican candidate) who promoted a libertarian agenda within the Republican Party [76]
Justice Antonin Scalia 1936–2016 Supreme Court justice known as a leading exponent of originalism and textualism [98]
White House Communications Director Pat Buchanan 1938– White House communications director under President Ronald Reagan, paleoconservative advisor to multiple presidents; prominent commentator and co-founder of The American Conservative; Republican presidential candidate in 1992 and 1996; Reform Party nominee for president in 2000 [99][100][101]
House Majority Leader Dick Armey 1940– One of the chief authors of the Contract with America [102]
Vice President Dick Cheney 1941– Known for his hawkish views on national security [103]
Senator Mitch McConnell 1942– Senate Minority Leader [104]
Speaker of the House Newt Gingrich 1943– Chief author of the Contract with America, 2012 presidential candidate known for his criticism of the Clinton, G. W. Bush, and Obama administrations [103]
President Donald Trump 1946– 45th President of the United States [105][106][107][108][109][110][111]
President George W. Bush 1946– 43rd President of the United States [112][103]
Senator Mitt Romney 1947– Senator from Utah since 2019, 2012 Republican presidential nominee, 2008 Republican presidential candidate, Governor of Massachusetts (2003-2007), [103]
UN Ambassador John R. Bolton 1948– National Security Advisor, U.N. ambassador, and foreign policy hawk [113]
Justice Clarence Thomas 1948– Supreme Court Justice, most prominent African-American conservative jurist in American history [76]
Deputy Chief of Staff Karl Rove 1950– Political strategist to George W. Bush [114]
Senator Jim DeMint 1951– Tea Party-affiliated U.S. Senator, president of the Heritage Foundation [115]
Secretary of State Condoleezza Rice 1954– Secretary of State during the George W. Bush administration [116]
Congresswoman Michele Bachmann 1956– Sought the 2012 Republican nomination for president [117]
Vice President Mike Pence 1959– Vice President under Donald Trump, governor of Indiana, member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Indiana [118][103]
Senator Rand Paul 1963– U.S. Senator from Kentucky, libertarian-leaning conservative, 2016 GOP presidential candidate and son of Ron Paul [119]
Governor Sarah Palin 1964– Governor of Alaska, 2008 Republican vice presidential nominee|
Senator Tim Scott 1965– Senator from South Carolina, only African-American Republican senator [120]
Attorney General Kris Kobach 1966– Secretary of State and Attorney General of Kansas [121][122][123]
Senator Ted Cruz 1970– Tea Party-affiliated U.S. senator who finished second in the 2016 Republican presidential primaries [124][125]
Speaker of the House Paul Ryan 1970– Speaker of the House, 2012 Republican vice-presidential nominee [126][103]
Senator Marco Rubio 1971– U.S. Senator from Florida, 2016 GOP presidential candidate [127][53][125]

Business and religious leaders involved in conservative politics

[edit]
Billy Graham, evangelical minister
Name Lifetime Notability Ref.
Roger Milliken 1915–2010 businessman [128]
Joseph Coors 1917–2003 businessman [129]
Billy Graham 1918–2018 evangelist known for his support of capitalism [130]
Sun Myung Moon 1920–2012 founder of the Unification Church [131]
Richard DeVos 1926–2018 co-founder of Amway [132]
Rupert Murdoch 1931– CEO of News Corp and 21st Century Fox [133]
Richard Mellon Scaife 1932–2014 billionaire donor to conservative organizations [134]
Sheldon Adelson 1933–2021 billionaire donor to conservative political candidates [135]
Jerry Falwell 1933–2007 televangelist [136][137]
Charles G. Koch 1935– billionaire industrialist and donor to conservative organizations and candidates [132][138]
Foster Friess 1940–2021 billionaire donor to conservative organizations [139]
David H. Koch 1940–2019 billionaire industrialist and donor to conservative organizations and candidates [132][138]
Richard Land 1946– former lobbyist for the Southern Baptist Convention [140]
Robert Mercer 1946– donor to conservative organizations such as Breitbart News [141]
Franklin Graham 1952– evangelist and political activist [142]
Tony Perkins 1963– chairman of the Family Research Council [53]
Peter Thiel 1967– venture capitalist and political activist [143]
Russell Moore 1971– president of the Ethics & Religious Liberty Commission of the Southern Baptist Convention [144]

Media personalities: publishers, editors, radio hosts, columnists and bloggers

[edit]
Michael Medved, conservative radio show host
Name Lifetime Notability Ref.
Raymond Moley 1886–1975 columnist [145]
David Lawrence 1888–1973 author of Beyond the New Deal [146]
Clarence Manion 1896–1979 talk radio host [147]
Henry Luce 1898–1967 founder of Time [148]
Fulton Lewis 1903–1966 radio host [149]
Henry Regnery 1912–1996 activist [150]
Paul Harvey 1918–2009 radio commentator [151]
Bob Grant 1929–2013 talk show host [152]
William Safire 1929–2009 commentator for The New York Times [67][153]
Roger Ailes 1940–2017 president of Fox News [103]
Michael Savage 1942– talk radio host [76]
Herman Cain 1945–2020 radio host, syndicated columnist, and candidate in the 2012 Republican presidential primaries [154]
Lou Dobbs 1945–2024 television newscaster [155]
Michael Medved 1948– talk radio host [156]
Dennis Prager 1948– talk radio host [157][158]
Bill O'Reilly 1949– television and radio host [159][53]
Rush Limbaugh 1951–2021 talk radio host [103]
Larry Elder 1952– filmmaker [160]
Charlie Sykes 1954– talk-show host [161]
Hugh Hewitt 1956– talk radio host [157][162]
Sean Hannity 1961– host of Hannity and The Sean Hannity Show [163]
Ann Coulter 1961– political commentator [164][165]
Laura Ingraham 1963– Fox News and talk radio commentator [66][166]
Adam Carolla 1964– co-host of Loveline and host of The Adam Carolla Show [167]
Matt Drudge 1966– creator, and editor of the Drudge Report [168][169]
Andrew Breitbart 1969–2012 blogger, author, journalist, and creator of Breitbart News [32][170]
Tucker Carlson 1969– talk show host [104][171]
Michelle Malkin 1970– newspaper columnist, author, and blogger [172]
Ben Shapiro 1984– commentator and media host [173]
Matt Walsh 1986- political commentator and author
Blaire White 1993- political commentator and youtuber [174]
Jackson Hinkle 1999- Social media influencer, political commentator [175]
Brett Cooper 2001- political commentator and actress [176]

Painters, printmakers and sculptors

[edit]
Conservative in politics and social matters, Hopper asserted for example that artists' lives should be written by people very close to them. However, he accepted things as they were and displayed a lack of idealism.
Name Lifetime Notability Ref.
Edward Hopper 1882–1967 Renowned American Realist painter and printmaker known for his oil-on-canvas paintings including Nighthawks [177]
Wheeler Williams 1887–1972 American sculptor
Minerva Teichert 1888–1976 20th-century artist who painted Western and Mormon subjects
Henriette Wyeth 1907–1997 American artist noted for her portraits and still life paintings [178]
Andrew Wyeth 1917–2009 American regionalist painter and one of the best-known U.S. artists of the middle 20th century [179]
Patricia Hill Burnett 1920–2014 Portrait artist and women's rights activist [180]
Brigid Berlin 1939–2020 American artist and Warhol superstar [181]

Composers, musicians and record producers

[edit]
Punk rock pioneer Johnny Ramone was into conservative politics as early as age 11. This was evident when he rooted for Richard Nixon in the 1960 United States presidential election[182]
Name Lifetime Notability Ref.
Charles Ives 1874-1954 Influential modernist composer [183]
Emma Lucy Gates Bowen 1882-1951 American operatic soprano singer [184]
William Grant Still 1895-1978 American composer of nearly two hundred works, including five symphonies, four ballets, nine operas, over thirty choral works, art songs, chamber music, and solo works [185]
Duke Ellington 1899-1974 American jazz pianist and composer [186]
Hoagy Carmichael 1899-1981 One of the most successful Tin Pan Alley songwriters of the 1930s [187]
Lionel Hampton 1908-2002 Jazz musician and bandleader [188]
Sun Ra 1914-1993 Avant-garde jazz composer and bandleader [189]
Frank Sinatra 1915-1998 One of the most popular entertainers of the mid-20th century [190][191]
Milton Babbitt 1916-2011 Pioneering composer of electronic music and music theorist [192]
Dean Martin 1917-1995 One of the most popular entertainers of the mid-20th century [191]
Liberace 1919-1987 Pianist, singer and performer known for his flamboyant stage persona [193]
Hank Williams 1923-1953 Influential singer-songwriter of country music [194]
Marty Robbins 1925-1982 Early outlaw country pioneer [195]
Andy Williams 1927-2012 Traditional pop singer [196]
Tom Wilson 1931-1978 American record producer [197]
Tiny Tim 1932-1996 Outsider artist and musical archivist [198]
Loretta Lynn 1932-2022 Country music singer and songwriter [199]
James Brown 1933-2006 Central progenitor of funk music often referred as the Godfather of Soul [200][201]
Frankie Valli 1934 - Known as the frontman of The Four Seasons [202]
Pat Boone 1934 - American pop singer [203]
Elvis Presley 1935-1977 American singer and cultural figure known as the King of Rock and Roll [204]
Sonny Bono 1935-1998 One half of the pop duo Sonny & Cher [205]
Jerry Lee Lewis 1935-2022 Piano-based singer-songwriter and pioneer of rock and roll and rockabilly music [206]
Charlie Daniels 1936-2020 Southern rock pioneer and country rock musician [207]
Jerry Reed 1937-2008 Country music composer and an early influence on the swamp rock genre[208] [209]
Dick Dale 1937-2019 Influential guitarist and surf music pioneer [210]
Charles Wuorinen 1938-2020 Academic teacher and composer of contemporary classical music [211]
Kenny Rogers 1938-2020 Country music singer and songwriter [212]
Phil Everly 1939-2014 One half of the country rock duo The Everly Brothers [213]
Dion DiMucci 1939 - Prominent rock and roll musician [214]
Bruce Johnston 1942 - Member of The Beach Boys [215]
Roger McGuinn 1942 - Leader and only consistent member of the folk and psychedelic rock band The Byrds [216]
Lee Greenwood 1942 - American patriotic music singer [217]
Tommy Hall 1943 - Electric jug player and founding member of the psychedelic rock band 13th Floor Elevators
Richie Furay 1944 - Vocalist, guitarist and writer of folk rock band Buffalo Springfield [218]
Moe Tucker 1944 - Drummer and singer-songwriter for the experimental rock band The Velvet Underground [219][220]
Iggy Pop 1947 - Vocalist and lyricist of proto-punk propagators The Stooges and often called the Godfather of Punk [221][220]
Rick Derringer 1947 - Hard rock musician, producer, and songwriter [222]
Meat Loaf 1947-2022 Rock opera singer [223][224]
Alice Cooper 1948- Shock rock singer [225][226]
Billy Zoom 1948 - Guitarist for the punk rock band X [227]
Mark Farner 1948 - Original singer and guitarist of the hard rock band Grand Funk Railroad [228]
Johnny Ramone 1948-2004 Founding member and guitarist of the influential punk rock band Ramones [204][229]
Ted Nugent 1948 - American guitarist and rock musician [204]
Hank Williams Jr. 1949 - Country rock musician [225]
Eric Carmen 1949-2024 Lead vocalist of the power pop band Raspberries [230]
Gene Simmons 1949 - Bassist and founding member of hard rock band Kiss [231][225]
Rickey Medlocke 1950 - Frontman/guitarist for the southern rock band Blackfoot and member of Lynyrd Skynyrd [232]
Jonathan Cain 1950 - Keyboardist and rhythm guitarist for Journey [233]
Lee Ving 1950 - Frontman of the LA-based hardcore punk band Fear [234]
Joey Kramer 1950 - Drummer of Aerosmith [235]
Joe Perry 1950 - Founding member and lead guitarist of Aerosmith [236]
Ace Frehley 1951 - Lead guitarist and founding member of hard rock band Kiss [237]
Joe Lynn Turner 1951 - Known for his work in hard rock bands Rainbow and Deep Purple [238]
Dee Dee Ramone 1951-2002 Founding member and bassist of the influential punk rock band Ramones [239]
Frank Zappa 1940-1993 Composer, musician, founding member of the avant-garde band The Mothers Of Invention
Billy Sheehan 1953 - Bassist in glam metal band Mr. Big and hard rock supergroup The Winery Dogs
Don Dokken 1953 - Lead singer and founder of glam metal band Dokken [241]
Ross the Boss 1954 - Founding member of proto-punk band The Dictators and heavy metal band Manowar [242]
Martin O'Donnell 1955 - Video game composer [243]
Glenn Danzig 1955 - Founder of horror punk innovators The Misfits and frontman of heavy metal band Danzig [244][245]
Exene Cervenka 1956 - Singer and songwriter for the punk rock band X [246]
Bobby Steele 1956 - Guitarist for horror punk innovators The Misfits and frontman for The Undead [247]
Leonard Graves Phillips 1957 - Frontman of the comedic punk rock band The Dickies [234][248]
Prince 1958-2016 American singer, songwriter and record producer [249][182]
John Kezdy 1959-2023 Lead singer of the Chicago hardcore band The Effigies [250]
Cherie Currie 1959 - Lead vocalist of the all-female band The Runaways [251]
Johnny Van Zant 1960 - Current lead vocalist of southern rock band Lynyrd Skynyrd [252]
Jack Russell 1960-2024 Lead vocalist of the glam metal band Great White [253]
Tom Araya 1961 - Vocalist and bassist of thrash metal band Slayer [226]
Duane Peters 1961 Leading member of street punk band U.S. Bombs
Dave Mustaine 1961 - Frontman and primary songwriter of Megadeth [225][226]
Peter Steele 1962-2010 Founding member of crossover trash band Carnivore and lead singer, bassist and main composer of gothic metal band Type O Negative [254][255]
Trace Adkins 1962 - American country musician [256]
John Joseph 1962 - Lead singer and lyricist of the hardcore punk band Cro-Mags [257][258]
James Kottak 1962-2024 Drummer in the hard rock band Scorpions [259]
Joe Escalante 1963 - Bassist and songwriter of the comedic punk rock band The Vandals [260]
Michael Sweet 1963 - Frontman of Christian metal band Stryper [261]
Dave Smalley 1963 - Lead singer of hardcore punk bands DYS and Dag Nasty [262][234]
Jeff Hanneman 1964-2013 Guitarist and founding member of thrash metal band Slayer [263][264]
Vinnie Paul 1964-2018 Drummer of groove metal bands Pantera and Damageplan [265]
Steve Souza 1964 - Lead vocalist for the thrash metal band Exodus [266]
Roger Miret 1964 - Lead singer of the hardcore punk band Agnostic Front [267][258]
Eazy-E 1964-1995 American West Coast gangsta rapper [268][269]
Dimebag Darrell 1966-2004 Guitarist of groove metal bands Pantera and Damageplan [270]
Billy Corgan 1967 - Frontman and primary songwriter of The Smashing Pumpkins [271]
John Petrucci 1967 - Guitarist of progressive metal band Dream Theater [272]
Terry Butler 1967 - Bassist for the death metal band Obituary [273]
Sully Erna 1968 - Vocalist and rhythm guitarist of alternative metal band Godsmack [226][260]
Cowboy Troy 1970 - Country rap artist [274]
Kid Rock 1971 - American singer and rapper [225][275]
Sara Evans 1971 - American country music singer and songwriter [276]
Aaron Lewis 1972 - Frontman of alternative metal band Staind [277]
John Dolmayan 1972 - Drummer of System of a Down [278]
Jesse Hughes 1972 - Frontman of the rock band Eagles of Death Metal [279]
Gretchen Wilson 1973 - American country singer and songwriter [280]
Pete Parada 1973 - Drummer of several punk rock and metal bands
John Rich 1974 - American country singer [281]
Philip Labonte 1975 - Lead singer of metalcore band All That Remains [282]
Ariel Pink 1978 - Lo-fi musician and hypnagogic pop originator [283]
Kaya Jones 1984 - Canadian-American pop singer [284]
Azealia Banks 1991 - Rapper and hip hop artist [285][286]
Lil Pump 2000 - Soundcloud rap artist [287][288]

Filmmakers, screenwriters, and producers

[edit]
Director Cecil B. DeMille, on who actor Edward G. Robinson wrote, "No more conservative or patriarchal figure existed in Hollywood, no one more opposed to communism or any permutation or combination thereof."[289]
Producer Hal Roach was a member of the arch-conservative American Liberty League[290]
Director Mel Gibson
Producer Steve Mnuchin
Name Lifetime Notability Ref.
Frank Craven 1875–1945 Writer for films including Sons of the Desert and Our Town [291]
Lionel Barrymore 1878–1954 Director of films including Madame X (1929), The Unholy Night, and The Rogue Song
Cecil B. DeMille 1881–1959 Director of films including The Greatest Show on Earth and The Ten Commandments (1956) [289]
Donald Crisp 1882–1974 Director of films including The Navigator and Don Q, Son of Zorro [292]
Louis B. Mayer 1882 or 1884 or 1885–1957 Co-founder of Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer and producer of films including Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ and Greed (1924) [293]
Sam Wood 1883–1949 Director of films including A Night at the Opera and Kings Row
Raoul Walsh 1887–1949 Director of films including The Big Trail, The Roaring Twenties and White Heat [294]
Victor Fleming 1888–1949 Director of films including The Wizard of Oz and Gone with the Wind [295]
Maxwell Anderson 1888–1959 Writer of films including All Quiet on the Western Front (1930), The Wrong Man, and Ben-Hur (1959) [296]
Carey Wilson 1889–1962 Writer of films including Ben-Hur (1925) and Mutiny on the Bounty and producer of films including The Postman Always Rings Twice and Green Dolphin Street [297]
Clarence Brown 1890–1987 Director of films including Anna Karenina and The Human Comedy [298]
Hal Roach 1892–1992 Producer of films including the Laurel and Hardy franchise [290]
Merian C. Cooper 1893–1973 Director and producer of films including King Kong (1933) and This Is Cinerama
John Ford 1894–1973 Director of films including The Searchers and The Man Who Shot Liberty Valance
King Vidor 1894–1982 Director of films including Northwest Passage and Duel in the Sun [299]
Morrie Ryskind 1895–1985 Writer of films including A Night at the Opera and My Man Godfrey [300]
Howard Hawks 1896–1977 Director of films including Scarface (1932), Red River (1948), The Thing from Another World, and Rio Bravo
Frank Capra 1897–1991 Director of films including It's a Wonderful Life and Mr. Smith Goes to Washington
Preston Sturges 1898–1959 Director and writer of films including Sullivan's Travels and The Lady Eve [301]
Leo McCarey 1898–1969 Director of films including Duck Soup (1933) and An Affair to Remember
Hal B. Wallis 1898–1987 Producer of films including Casablanca, The Adventures of Robin Hood and True Grit
Irving Thalberg 1899–1936 Producer of films including Grand Hotel and A Night at the Opera [302]
Borden Chase 1900–1971 Writer of films including Red River (1948 film) and Winchester '73 [303]
Mark Sandrich 1900–1945 Director and producer of films including Top Hat, Shall We Dance and So Proudly We Hail! [304]
Walt Disney 1901–1966 Co-founder of The Walt Disney Company, also animator and film producer, helping to create films which included Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs, Fantasia, Dumbo, Bambi, and Pinocchio (1940)
David O. Selznick 1902–1965 Producer and executive producer of films including Gone with the Wind and Rebecca (1940)
Dick Powell 1904–1963 Director of films including Split Second and The Enemy Below
David Butler 1904–1979 Director of films including Road to Morocco and Tea for Two [305]
Howard Hughes 1905–1976 Producer of films including Scarface (1932) and The Outlaw
Joseph L. Mankiewicz 1909–1993 Director and writer of films including A Letter to Three Wives and All About Eve [306]
Jerry Lewis 1926–2017 Director and writer of films including The Nutty Professor and The Day the Clown Cried [307][308]
Stanley Kubrick 1928–1999 Director of films including Dr. Strangelove, 2001: A Space Odyssey, and The Shining [309]
William Peter Blatty 1928–2017 Writer of films including The Exorcist, as well as the director and writer of The Ninth Configuration and The Exorcist III [310][311]
Roger MacBride 1929–1995 Producer of Little House on the Prairie
Clint Eastwood 1930– Director of films including High Plains Drifter, Unforgiven, Mystic River, Letters from Iwo Jima, Gran Torino, American Sniper, and Richard Jewell
Gerald R. Molen 1935– Producer and executive producer of films including Days of Thunder, Jurassic Park, Schindler's List, Casper, and Twister [312]
Dennis Hopper 1936–2010 Director and writer of Easy Rider and The Last Movie [313]
Paul Morrissey 1938– Director and writer of films including Women in Revolt, Flesh for Frankenstein, and Blood for Dracula
Lionel Chetwynd 1940– Director and writer of The Hanoi Hilton [312]
Michael Crichton 1942–2008 Writer of films like Jurassic park and books like State of fear [314][315]
Jerry Bruckheimer 1943– Producer of film series including Beverly Hills Cop, Pirates of the Caribbean, and National Treasure
Roger L. Simon 1943– Screenwriter of films including The Big Fix and Enemies, A Love Story [312]
John Milius 1944– Writer of Dirty Harry and Apocalypse Now, directed films including Conan the Barbarian (1982) and Red Dawn
Ivan Reitman 1946–2022 Director of films including Ghostbusters, Ghostbusters II, Kindergarten Cop, and Dave [316]
Sylvester Stallone 1946– Writer of films including Rocky, Rambo, and Cobra and director of films including Rocky IV and The Expendables [317]
James Woods 1947– Producer of Cop and Another Day in Paradise; executive producer of Northfork and Oppenheimer
David Zucker 1947– Director and writer of Airplane! and The Naked Gun: From the Files of Police Squad! [313]
David Mamet 1947– Director and writer of Heist (2001), as well as the writer of films including The Untouchables, Glengarry Glen Ross, Wag the Dog, and Hannibal (2001) [318]
Arnold Schwarzenegger 1947– Producer of films including Maggie and Aftermath; executive producer of Last Action Hero [319]
John Swartzwelder 1949– Writer and producer for The Simpsons [320]
John Hughes 1950–2009 Director and writer of films including Sixteen Candles, Weird Science, The Breakfast Club, Ferris Bueller's Day Off, and Planes, Trains and Automobiles [321][322]
Bob Gale 1951– Writer and producer of films including the Back to the Future series
Whit Stillman 1952– Director of Metropolitan, Barcelona, and The Last Days of Disco [323]
Roseanne Barr 1952– Executive producer of Roseanne [324]
Robert Davi 1953– Director of The Dukes and My Son Hunter
Gary Sinise 1955– Director and producer of Of Mice and Men
Morgan Mason 1955– Executive producer of Sex, Lies, and Videotape
Joel Surnow 1955– Writer and producer of television shows including 24 and The Equalizer [325]
Zeph E. Daniel 1955?– Writer of films including Society, Bride of Re-Animator, Silent Night, Deadly Night 4: Initiation, and Girl Next [326]
Mel Gibson 1956– Director of films including Braveheart, The Passion of the Christ, and Apocalypto
Cyrus Nowrasteh 1956– Director of films including The Stoning of Soraya M. and Infidel [327]
Douglas Urbanski 1957– Producer of Darkest Hour and Mank; executive producer of Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy, The Hitman's Bodyguard, and Slow Horses [328]
Daniel Knauf 1958 or 1961– Writer and executive producer of television shows including Carnivàle, Spartacus: Blood and Sand, and The Blacklist
Sam Raimi 1959– Director of films including The Evil Dead and the Spider-Man trilogy
Vincent Gallo 1962– Director and writer of Buffalo '66 and The Brown Bunny [329]
Steven Mnuchin 1962– Producer and executive producer of films including The Lego Movie, Edge of Tomorrow, American Sniper, Batman v Superman: Dawn of Justice, The Conjuring 2, and Wonder Woman
Pat Dollard 1964– Producer of films including Auto Focus and Julie Walking Home [327]
Michael J. Nelson 1964– Writer for Mystery Science Theater 3000
Doug TenNapel 1966– Creator, director, and producer of Earthworm Jim and Catscratch [330]
Adam Sandler 1966– Writer of films including Billy Madison and Happy Gilmore; executive producer of films including Hotel Transylvania [331]
Scott Cawthon 1978– Writer of Five Nights at Freddy's [332]
Dallas Sonnier 1980– Producer of films including Bone Tomahawk, Brawl in Cell Block 99, Dragged Across Concrete, and What Is a Woman?

Novelists, poets, and short story writers

[edit]
Jack Kerouac was a lifelong Republican, being quoted as saying: "My father and my mother and my sister and I have always voted Republican, always."[333]
Crime fiction writer James Ellroy's works frequently touch on topics such as political corruption
Name Lifetime Notability Ref.
Edith Wharton 1862 – 1937 Pulitzer Prize author of The Age of Innocence, The House of Mirth, and Ethan Frome [334]
Laura Ingalls Wilder 1867 – 1957 Author of Little House on the Prairie [335]
Grace Miller White 1868 – 1957 Author of Judy of Rogue's Harbor and Tess of the Storm Country [336]
Booth Tarkington 1869 – 1946 Pulitzer Prize author of The Magnificent Ambersons and Alice Adams [337]
Albert Jay Nock 1870 – 1945 Author of Our Enemy, the State [338]
Willa Cather 1873 – 1947 Author of O Pioneers! and My Ántonia [339]
Gertrude Stein 1874 – 1946 Author of The Autobiography of Alice B. Toklas [340]
Robert Frost 1874 – 1963 Author of A Boy's Will and North of Boston [341]
Edgar Rice Burroughs 1875 – 1950 Creator of Tarzan and John Carter [342]
Wallace Stevens 1879 – 1955 Pulitzer Prize author of Harmonium and poems including "The Idea of Order at Key West" and "Thirteen Ways of Looking at a Blackbird" [343]
Kathleen Norris 1880 – 1966 Author of My Best Girl and Passion Flower [344]
Clarence Budington Kelland 1881 – 1964 Author of Speak Easily and Scattergood Baines
John Gould Fletcher 1886 – 1950 Pulitzer Prize poet of Irradiations: Sand and Spray
Robinson Jeffers 1887 – 1962 Author of "Shine, Perishing Republic" and The Double Axe and Other Poems [345]
Marianne Moore 1887 – 1972 Author of O to Be a Dragon [346]
John Crowe Ransom 1888 – 1974 Author of The New Criticism and editor of The Kenyon Review [347]
Katherine Anne Porter 1890 – 1980 Pulitzer Prize author of Ship of Fools and The Collected Stories of Katherine Anne Porter
Claude McKay 1890 – 1948 Author of Songs of Jamaica and Harlem Shadows [348]
H. P. Lovecraft 1890 – 1937 Author of "The Call of Cthulhu", At the Mountains of Madness, and The Shadow over Innsmouth [349]
Zora Neale Hurston 1891 – 1960 Author of Their Eyes Were Watching God [350]
Donald Davidson 1893 – 1968 Author of I'll Take My Stand and Singin' Billy
E. E. Cummings 1894 – 1962 Author of Tulips and Chimneys and 1 × 1 [351]
Robert Hillyer 1895 – 1961 Pulitzer Prize author of The Collected Verse of Robert Hillyer [352]
Caroline Gordon 1895 – 1981 Author of None Shall Look Back and The Strange Children [353]
Louis Bromfield 1896 – 1956 Pulitzer Prize author of Early Autumn
John Dos Passos 1896 – 1970 Author of the U.S.A. trilogy [354]
William Faulkner 1897 – 1962 Nobel Laureate author of The Sound and the Fury, As I Lay Dying, and Absalom, Absalom!
E. Hoffmann Price 1898 – 1988 Author of The Devil Wives of Li Fong
Vladimir Nabokov 1899 – 1977 Author of Lolita and Pale Fire [355]
Allen Tate 1899 – 1979 Poet Laureate and author of "Ode to the Confederate Dead"
Margaret Mitchell 1900– 1949 Pulitzer Prize author of Gone with the Wind
Taylor Caldwell 1900 – 1985 Author of Dynasty of Death and Captains and the Kings [356]
Andrew Nelson Lytle 1902 – 1995 Author of The Velvet Horn [357]
James Gould Cozzens 1903 – 1978 Pulitzer Prize author of Guard of Honor and By Love Possessed [358]
Isaac Bashevis Singer 1904 – 1991 Nobel Laureate author of Satan in Goray, The Magician of Lublin, and Shadows on the Hudson [359]
H. Beam Piper 1904 – 1964 Author of Space Viking [360]
Joseph Campbell 1904 – 1987 Author of The Hero with a Thousand Faces [361]
John O'Hara 1905 – 1970 Author of Appointment in Samarra and BUtterfield 8 [362]
Robert E. Howard 1906 – 1936 Creator of Conan the Barbarian and Solomon Kane [363]
John Dickson Carr 1906 – 1977 Author of The Hollow Man and The Burning Court
Robert A. Heinlein 1907 – 1988 Author of Starship Troopers, Stranger in a Strange Land, and The Moon Is a Harsh Mistress [364][365]
Louis L’Amour 1908 – 1988 Author of Shalako and The Walking Drum and Last of the Breed [366]
Wallace Stegner 1909 – 1993 Pulitzer Prize author of Angle of Repose and The Spectator Bird [367]
John W. Campbell 1910 – 1971 Editor of Analog Science Fiction and Fact and author of Who Goes There? [368]
Robert Lewis Taylor 1912 – 1998 Pulitzer Prize author of The Travels of Jaimie McPheeters [369]
Cordwainer Smith 1913 – 1966 Author of Norstrilia and The Rediscovery of Man [370]
William S. Burroughs 1914 – 1997 Author of Junkie and Naked Lunch [371]
R. A. Lafferty 1914 – 2002 Author of Paster Master and Fourth Mansions [372]
Saul Bellow 1915 – 2005 Nobel Laureate author of Seize the Day, Henderson the Rain King, Herzog, Mr. Sammler's Planet, Humboldt's Gift, and Ravelstein [373][374]
Herman Wouk 1915 – 2019 Pulitzer Prize author of The Caine Mutiny and The Winds of War [375]
Jack Vance 1916 – 2013 Author of Dying Earth and Emphyrio [376]
Louis Auchincloss 1917 – 2010 Author of The Cat and the King and Her Infinite Variety [377]
Edwin O'Connor 1918 – 1968 Pulitzer Prize author of The Last Hurrah and The Edge of Sadness [378]
Allen Drury 1918 – 1998 Pulitzer Prize author of Advise and Consent [379]
Mickey Spillane 1918 – 2006 Author of I, the Jury [380]
Ray Bradbury 1920 – 2012 Author of Fahrenheit 451, The Martian Chronicles, and The Illustrated Man [381]
Frank Herbert 1920 – 1986 Creator of the Dune universe [382][383]
James Clavell 1921 – 1994 Author of King Rat and Shōgun
Jack Kerouac 1922 – 1969 Author of On the Road and The Dharma Bums [384][385]
Anthony Hecht 1923 – 2004 Pulitzer Prize poet of A Summoning of Stones and The Hard Hours [386]
Norman Mailer 1923 – 2007 Author of The Naked and the Dead and The Executioner's Song [387][388]
Richard Hooker 1924 – 1997 Author of MASH: A Novel About Three Army Doctors [389]
Poul Anderson 1926 – 2001 Author of The Broken Sword and There Will Be Time [390]
Guy Davenport 1927 – 2005 Author of Da Vinci's Bicycle and The Logia of Yeshua [391]
Philip K. Dick 1928 – 1982 Author of The Man in the High Castle, Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?, and Ubik [392][393]
Ira Levin 1929 – 2007 Author of Deathtrap, Rosemary's Baby, and The Boys from Brazil
Tom Wolfe 1930 – 2018 Author of The Bonfire of the Vanities and I Am Charlotte Simmons
Charles McCarry 1930 – 2019 Author of The Miernik Dossier and The Tears of Autumn [394]
Gene Wolfe 1931 – 2019 Author of The Book of the New Sun [395]
Clive Cussler 1931 – 2020 Author of the Dirk Pitt series [396]
John Gardner 1933 – 1982 Author of Grendel and The Sunlight Dialogues [397]
Jerry Pournelle 1933 – 2017 Author of The Mote in God's Eye and The Prince [398]
Cormac McCarthy 1933 – 2023 Author of Blood Meridian, No Country for Old Men, and The Road [399]
Larry Niven 1938 – Author of The Mote in God's Eye and Lucifer's Hammer
Tito Perdue 1938 – Author of Lee [400]
Robin Cook 1940 – Author of Coma, Sphinx, and Brain
Nelson DeMille 1943 – Author of Plum Island, The Charm School, and The Gold Coast [401]
Dean Koontz 1945 – Author of Odd Thomas [402]
Edward Cline 1946 – Author of Sparrowhawk
Tom Clancy 1947 – 2013 Author of The Hunt for Red October, Patriot Games, and Without Remorse
Mark Helprin 1947 – Author of Winter's Tale, A Soldier of the Great War, and Freddy and Fredericka
Robert Jordan 1947 – 2007 Creator of the Wheel of Time series [403]
Robert Ferrigno 1947 – Author of Prayers for the Assassin [404]
Terry Goodkind 1948 – 2020 Author of The Sword of Truth and The Law of Nines [405]
James Ellroy 1948 – Author of The Black Dahlia and L.A. Confidential [406]
Dan Simmons 1948 – Author of Song of Kali and the Hyperion Cantos series [407][408]
Orson Scott Card 1951 – Author of Ender's Game and Speaker for the Dead [409]
Thomas Mallon 1951 – Former deputy chairman for the National Endowment for the Humanities; author of Henry and Clara and Dewey Defeats Truman [410]
Brad Linaweaver 1952 – 2019 Author of Moon of Ice and Sliders [411]
Andrew Klavan 1954 – Author of Empire of Lies
Tom Kratman 1956 – Author of A Desert Called Peace and Watch on the Rhine [412]
Lionel Shriver 1957 – Author of We Need to Talk About Kevin [413]
Mark M. Goldblatt 1957 – Author of Africa Speaks and Twerp [414]
Robert Girardi 1961 – Author of Madeleine's Ghost and Gorgeous East
John C. Wright 1961 – Author of The Golden Oecumene [415]
David Foster Wallace 1962 – 2008 Author of Infinite Jest and The Pale King [416][417]
Sarah A. Hoyt 1962 – Author of Darkship Thieves and Uncharted [418]
John Ringo 1963 – Author of the Empire of Man series
Tony Daniel 1963 – Author of Metaplanetary [419]
Nicholas Sparks 1965 – Author of The Notebook and A Walk to Remember
Joel C. Rosenberg 1967 – Author of The Ezekiel Option
Michael Z. Williamson 1967 – Author of Freehold and Forged in Blood [citation needed]
Brad Thor 1969 – Author of The Lions of Lucerne and The Last Patriot
Larry Correia 1977 – Author of Son of the Black Sword and Monster Hunter International [420]

Comic book writers and artists

[edit]
Name Lifetime Notability Ref.
Chuck Dixon 1954- Writer for series and stories including Batman, Batman: Knightfall, and The Punisher (1987)
Bill Willingham 1956- Writer and artist for series including Elementals and Fables [421]
Ethan Van Sciver 1974- Artist for series including The Flash: Rebirth, Green Lantern: Rebirth, and Sinestro Corps War

Organizations

[edit]

Think tanks

[edit]
Hoover Tower at Stanford University, location of the Hoover Institution Library and Archives
Name Founded/defunct Notability Ref.
Acton Institute 1990– promotes "individual liberty ... sustained by religious principles" [422]
American Enterprise Institute 1938– promotes limited government [422]
Cato Institute 1974– promotes classical liberalism [422]
Claremont Institute 1979– promotes limited government [422]
Competitive Enterprise Institute 1984– promotes limited government [422]
Discovery Institute 1990– promotes teaching religious viewpoints in science classes [422]
The Heartland Institute 1984– promotes climate change denial [423][424]
The Heritage Foundation 1973– promotes "[c]onservative social values" [422]
Hoover Institution 1919– promotes "a free and peaceful society" [422]
Hudson Institute 1961– promotes conservatism [425]
Manhattan Institute for Policy Research 1977– promotes privatization and limited government [423][426]
Mercatus Center 1980– promotes conservatism [423]
Mises Institute 1982– promotes Austrian school economics and anarcho-capitalism [423]
Reason Foundation 1978– promotes classical liberalism [423]

Foundations

[edit]
Name Founded/defunct Notability Ref.
Bradley Foundation founded in 1942 financially supports Republican-leaning think tanks [427][428]
John Templeton Foundation founded in 1987 [427]
Koch family foundations founded in 1953 gives millions of dollars to a variety of organizations [427][429]
Lovett and Ruth Peters Foundation founded in 1994 [430]
Mercer Family Foundation gives millions of dollars to conservative organizations [431]
Olin Foundation defunct in 2005 financially supports Republican-leaning think tanks [432][428]
Pacific Legal Foundation Founded in 1973 Public interest law firm that defends Americans’ liberties when threatened by government overreach and abuse. [433]
Prager University Foundation (PragerU) 2009 publishes weekly conservative videos which have garnered over 2 billion total views [434]
Richard and Helen DeVos Foundation founded in 1970 gives millions of dollars to conservative organizations [132]
Scaife Foundations founded in 2014 financially supports Republican-leaning think tanks [435][428]
Searle Freedom Trust founded in 1998 financially supports Republican-leaning think tanks [428][435]
Smith Richardson Foundation founded in 1935 financially supports Republican-leaning think tanks [427][428]

Political, social and economic organizations

[edit]
Headquarters of Focus on the Family in Colorado Springs, Colorado
U.S. Chamber of Commerce Building in Washington, D.C.
Name Founded/defunct Notability Ref.
Alliance Defending Freedom 1994– Christian legal organization [436][437]
American Conservative Union 1964– organization "with the aim of coordinating and guiding American conservatism" [438]
American Family Association 1977– lobbying organization [439]
American Legislative Exchange Council 1973– organization that helps state legislators write bills [440][441]
Americans for Prosperity 2004– Tea Party movement organization [442]
Club for Growth 1999– political action committee [443]
Concerned Women for America 1978– conservative women's organization formed by Beverly LaHaye [444][445]
Council for National Policy 1981– elite organization that meets three times a year [446]
Faith and Freedom Coalition 2009– Republican fundraising organization [447]
Family Research Council 1983- conservative Christian organization [448]
Federalist Society 1982– legal organization [449]
Focus on the Family 1977– Christian organization [132]
FreedomWorks 2004– grassroots organization [450]
Independent Women's Forum 1992– conservative women's organization [451]
John Birch Society 1958– far-right organization [452]
Judicial Watch 1994– educational foundation [453]
State Policy Network 1992– organization of state-based groups [454][455]
Turning Point Action 2019 political advocacy group [456][457]
Turning Point USA 2012– grassroots organization based on College, High School and Church Campuses [458][459]
US Chamber of Commerce 1912– pro-business lobbying organization [460]
Young Americans for Freedom 1960– organization formed by William F. Buckley Jr. [100]

Media

[edit]
The studios of Fox News in 2009
The newsroom of The Washington Times
Name Founded/defunct Notability Ref.
The American Conservative 2002– Paleoconservative magazine founded by Patrick J. Buchanan [461]
The American Spectator 1967– publication known for its investigations of Bill Clinton during his presidency [462]
Blaze Media 2018– news outlet from 2018 merger of Glenn Beck's TheBlaze and Mark Levin's CRTV [463]
Breitbart News 2007– website formerly headed by Steve Bannon [464][465][466][467][468]
Chronicles monthly magazine that promotes "Western civilization" [461]
CNSNews 1998– website founded by L. Brent Bozell III [469]
Commentary 1945– neoconservative monthly magazine edited by John Podhoretz [470]
The Daily Caller 2010– website founded by Tucker Carlson [471]
The Daily Wire 2015– website and media company founded by Ben Shapiro and Jeremy Boreing
The Detroit News 1873– one of the two major newspapers in the U.S. city of Detroit, Michigan [472]
Drudge Report 1995– website founded by Matt Drudge [473][168][474]
Fox News 1996– cable outlet [475]
Free Republic 1997– website that promotes "front-line conservative activism" [476][477]
FrontPage website edited by David Horowitz [478]
Human Events 1944– weekly news magazine [461]
National Review 1955– magazine founded by William F. Buckley [470]
New Hampshire Union Leader 1863– daily newspaper of Manchester, New Hampshire [479]
New York Post 1801– daily newspaper owned by News Corp [461]
Newsmax Media 1998– media firm headed by Christopher Ruddy [480]
One America News Network 2013– cable channel [481]
Reader's Digest 1922– magazine founded by George and Lila Acheson Wallace [482]
RedState 2004– website owned by Salem Media [483]
Regnery Publishing 1947– publishing house [484]
Sinclair Broadcast Group 1971– telecommunications company founded by Julian Sinclair Smith [485]
Townhall.com 1995– website that hosts conservative commentary [486]
The Bulwark 2018– founded by Charlie Sykes and Bill Kristol
The Epoch Times 2000- newspaper and news website
The Wall Street Journal 1889– daily newspaper owned by Rupert Murdoch [461]
The Washington Free Beacon 2012– news website [487]
The Washington Times 1982– daily newspaper that covers politics [461]
The Weekly Standard 1995–2018 weekly magazine that covered politics [461]
WorldNetDaily 1997– news website [488][489]

See also

[edit]

References

[edit]
  1. ^ Smith, Don (2003). If It Ain't Broke – Break It!: A Document for Both Liberals and Conservatives. United States. p. 59. ISBN 9780595275342. Conservatives have not liked what they see as the 'mushy' and 'confused' morals and the political, sexual and social mores of the American Nation of the last 50 years. They want clarity. They want guidelines based on Judeo-Christian values. They trust God. Most Conservatives believe any sexual activity outside of the marriage contract is wrong. They believe that abortion is equivalent to murder, and they oppose assisted suicide.{{cite book}}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (link)
  2. ^ Farmer, Brian (2005). American Conservatism: History, Theory and Practice. United States: Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 52. ISBN 978-1904303541. To traditional conservatives, there most definitely are moral absolutes and they can most definitely and definitively identify those moral absolutes.
  3. ^ Baldwin, Robert (2000). Congressional Trade Votes: From NAFTA Approval to Fast-track Defeat. United States: Peterson Institute for International Economics. pp. 30. ISBN 9780881322675. Conservatism generally is associated with pro-business, anti-labor, and strong-national-defense stances, all of which lead to support for free trade principles.
  4. ^ a b c Lipsman, Ron (2007). Liberal Hearts and Conservative Brains: The Correlation Between Age and Political Philosophy. United States: United States. p. 232. ISBN 9780595463206. The American conservative system of rugged individualism, free markets, economic competition and deep respect for tradition...
  5. ^ Critchlow, Donald (2009). Debating the American Conservative Movement: 1945 to the Present. United States: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 15. ISBN 978-0742548244. Conservatives had a fear of Communism shared by most Americans. During this time a popular anti-Communist culture emerged in America, evident in movies, television programs, community activities, and grassroots organizations. This popular anti-Communist culture generated patriotic rallies, parades, city resolutions, and an array of anti—Communist groups concerned about Communist influence in the schools, textbooks, churches, labor unions, industry, and universities.
  6. ^ Langdale, John (2012). Superfluous Southerners: Cultural Conservatism and the South, 1920-1990. United States: University of Missouri Press. p. 4. ISBN 9780826272850.
  7. ^ Pilbeam, Bruce (2003). Anglo-American Conservative Ideology After the Cold War. United States: Palgrave Macmillan. p. 100. ISBN 978-0333997659. For most conservatives, if there is a common culprit in explaining society's descent into moral chaos, then it is relativism – the notion that there are no absolute values or standards, merely different interpretations and perspectives.
  8. ^ Merle Black, "The transformation of the southern Democratic Party." Journal of Politics 66.4 (2004): 1001–1017.
  9. ^ Katznelson, Ira; Geiger, Kim; Kryder, Daniel (Summer 1993). "Limiting Liberalism: The Southern Veto in Congress, 1933–1950" (PDF). Political Science Quarterly. 108 (2): 283. doi:10.2307/2152013. JSTOR 2152013.
  10. ^ Hayek, "Why I am Not a Conservative" online
  11. ^ Saatkamp, Herman; Coleman, Martin (2023), "George Santayana", in Zalta, Edward N.; Nodelman, Uri (eds.), The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy (Fall 2023 ed.), Metaphysics Research Lab, Stanford University, retrieved 2023-12-26
  12. ^ Bruce Ramsey (December 27, 2008). "The Capitalist Fiction of Garet Garrett". Ludwig von Mises Institute. Retrieved 2017-05-12.
  13. ^ Burgin, Angus (November 2009). "The Radical Conservatism of Frank H. Knight". Modern Intellectual History. 6 (3): 513–538. doi:10.1017/S1479244309990163. ISSN 1479-2451. S2CID 145606233.
  14. ^ Cowan, David (2016-08-04). "Uncertainty's Prophet". The American Conservative. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  15. ^ Lacey, Robert J.; Burke, Edmund (2016). Pragmatic conservatism: Edmund Burke and his American heirs. New York: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 63–107. ISBN 978-1-349-94903-8.
  16. ^ Sizek, Julia (2017-01-27). "Iris Marion Young and Ernst Kantorowicz". Society for Cultural Anthropology. Retrieved 2023-12-29.
  17. ^ Krugman, Paul. The Conscience of a Liberal. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, 2007. Print. p. 115
  18. ^ SPÖRL, GERHARD; Spiegel, br/ Der (2003-08-04). "The Leo-conservatives". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-12-29.
  19. ^ Nash, George H. (2009). The conservative Intellectual Movement in America since 1945. Intercollegiate Studies Institute. pp. 66, 88–94, 101, 108, 116–117, 131, 135, 137, 143–144, 145, 163, 213, 238, 243, 253, 325, 327, 367, 368, 379, 391, 405. ISBN 9781497636408. Retrieved 12 February 2017.
  20. ^ Tanenhaus, Sam. "Review: 'Exit Right: The People ....'" The Atlantic. March 2016. 13 July 2018.
  21. ^ Fowle, Farnsworth (1977-03-28). "Will Herberg, Author, Dies at 75; Communist Became Conservative". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-12-29.
  22. ^ "Eric Hoffer: The Right's Working-Class Philosopher - FoundSF". www.foundsf.org. Retrieved 2023-12-29.
  23. ^ Niels Bjerre-Poulsen (2002). Right Face: Organizing the American Conservative Movement 1945-65. Museum Tusculanum Press. pp. 116–118. ISBN 978-87-7289-809-4. Bruce Frohnen; Jeremy Beer; Nelson O. Jeffrey (2014). American Conservatism: An Encyclopedia. Intercollegiate Studies Institute. p. 186. ISBN 978-1-4976-5157-9.
  24. ^ Gordon, Mordechai (1999). "Hannah Arendt on Authority: Conservatism in Education Reconsidered". Educational Theory. 49 (2): 161–80. doi:10.1111/j.1741-5446.1999.00161.x. ISSN 0013-2004.
  25. ^ "The conservative Hannah Arendt". Washington Examiner. 2021-10-29. Retrieved 2023-12-29.
  26. ^ Horowitz, Irving Louis (2012). Hannah Arendt: radical conservative. New Brunswick: Transaction Publ. p. 28. ISBN 978-1-4128-4602-8.
  27. ^ Scruton, Roger (Jan 4, 2001). "Wall Street Journal obituary for W V Quine". www.wvquine.org. Retrieved 2023-12-26.
  28. ^ Quine, W. V. (1987). Quiddities: an intermittently philosophical dictionary. Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Pr. of Harvard Univ. Pr. pp. 206–208. ISBN 978-0-674-74352-6.
  29. ^ "Marginal No More: Willmoore Kendall as Essential Conservative". The Russell Kirk Center. 2023-01-15. Retrieved 2023-12-29.
  30. ^ Gregory L. Schneider (2009). The Conservative Century: From Reaction to Revolution. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. pp. 55–60. ISBN 978-0-7425-4284-6. Ann Southworth (1 August 2009). Lawyers of the Right: Professionalizing the Conservative Coalition. University of Chicago Press. pp. 131–132. ISBN 978-0-226-76836-6. Donald T. Critchlow; Nancy MacLean (2009). "Frank Meyer What Is Conservatism?". Debating the American Conservative Movement: 1945 to the Present. Rowman & Littlefield. pp. 177–180. ISBN 978-0-7425-4824-4.
  31. ^ "Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn". Mises Institute. 2014-06-20. Retrieved 2023-12-27.
  32. ^ a b c d Wyler, Grace and Paul Szoldra. "13 Books That Every Conservative Must Read." Business Insider. 29 March 2013. 17 May 2017.
  33. ^ Gregory L. Schneider (2009). The Conservative Century: From Reaction to Revolution. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 52. ISBN 978-0-7425-4285-3.
  34. ^ George H. Nash (8 April 2014). The Conservative Intellectual Movement in America Since 1945. Intercollegiate Studies Institute. p. 410. ISBN 978-1-4976-3640-8. Martin Gardner (15 July 1997). The Night Is Large: Collected Essays, 1938-1995. St. Martin's Press. p. 125. ISBN 978-0-312-16949-7. Martin Gardner (21 August 1999). The Whys of a Philosophical Scrivener. St. Martin's Press. p. 421. ISBN 978-1-4668-2332-7. Jon A. Shields; Joshua M. Dunn (2016). Passing on the Right: Conservative Professors in the Progressive University. Oxford University Press. pp. 142–145. ISBN 978-0-19-986305-1.
  35. ^ William Ruger (26 September 2013). Milton Friedman. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-8264-2595-9. John Ehrman (2005). The Eighties: America in the Age of Reagan. Yale University Press. p. 229. ISBN 978-0-300-10662-6. Iwan Morgan (16 September 2016). Reagan: American Icon. I.B.Tauris. p. 101. ISBN 978-1-78672-050-4.
  36. ^ Sewall, Gilbert T. (2016-09-16). "Robert Nisbet's Conservatism". The American Conservative. Retrieved 2023-12-27.
  37. ^ Hodgson, Godfrey (2004-03-01). "Daniel Boorstin". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2023-12-29.
  38. ^ Bradley J. Birzer (17 September 2015). Russell Kirk: American Conservative. University Press of Kentucky. ISBN 978-0-8131-6619-3.
  39. ^ Molnár, Attila K. "Thomas Molnar and the Conservatives in the US". Polgári Szemle. Retrieved 2023-12-29.
  40. ^ David B. Frisk (11 March 2014). If Not Us, Who?: William Rusher, National Review, and the Conservative Movement. Intercollegiate Studies Institute. p. 8. ISBN 978-1-4804-9300-1. Timothy J. Sullivan (1 December 2008). New York State and the Rise of Modern Conservatism: Redrawing Party Lines. SUNY Press. p. 15. ISBN 978-0-7914-7735-9. George H. Nash (8 April 2014). The Conservative Intellectual Movement in America Since 1945. Intercollegiate Studies Institute. p. 162. ISBN 978-1-4976-3640-8. McFadden, Robert D. (18 April 2011). "William Rusher, Champion of Conservatism, Dies at 87". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 May 2017.
  41. ^ "Fr. Stanley L. Jaki, RIP". National Review. 2009-04-13. Retrieved 2023-12-29.
  42. ^ Donald T. Critchlow (2005). Phyllis Schlafly and Grassroots Conservatism: A Woman's Crusade. Princeton University Press. pp. 26–27. ISBN 0-691-07002-4. David Farber (25 April 2010). The Rise and Fall of Modern American Conservatism: A Short History. Princeton University Press. pp. 119–158. ISBN 978-0-691-12915-0. Ronnee Schreiber (16 June 2008). Righting Feminism: Conservative Women and American Politics. Oxford University Press. pp. 21–22. ISBN 978-0-19-804418-5. Marjorie J. Spruill (28 February 2017). Divided We Stand: The Battle Over Women's Rights and Family Values That Polarized American Politics. Bloomsbury Publishing. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-63286-315-7.
  43. ^ "Boston.com / News / Boston Globe / Ideas / The anti-populist". 2006-01-15. Archived from the original on 2006-01-15. Retrieved 2023-12-27.
  44. ^ John B. Judis, William F. Buckley Jr.: Patron Saint of the Conservatives (1990).
  45. ^ a b Ronald Lora; William Henry Longton (1999). The Conservative Press in Twentieth-century America. Greenwood Publishing Group. pp. 201–202. ISBN 978-0-313-21390-8. Lee Edwards (6 July 2015). Goldwater: The Man Who Made a Revolution. Regnery Publishing. p. 82. ISBN 978-1-62157-400-2. Deal W. Hudson (11 March 2008). Onward, Christian Soldiers: The Growing Political Power of Catholics and Evangelicals in the United States. Simon & Schuster. p. 129. ISBN 978-1-4165-6589-5.
  46. ^ Farmer, American Political Ideologies, p. 45.
  47. ^ "[American Presidency] | C-SPAN.org". www.c-span.org. Retrieved 2023-12-29.
  48. ^ "Us v. Them: The Pitfalls of Righteous Rhetoric | Religion & Politics". 2014-09-16. Retrieved 2020-06-25.
  49. ^ Greslé-Favier, Claire (2006). "Pro-abstinence Discourses and the Definition of the Conservative Christian Identity in the Contemporary United States". Current Objectives of Postgraduate American Studies. 7. doi:10.5283/copas.91. ISSN 1861-6127.
  50. ^ "Beverly LaHaye". National Women's History Museum. Retrieved 2020-06-25.
  51. ^ "Influential Evangelicals-Tim and Beverly LaHaye". Time. 7 February 2005. Retrieved 15 October 2018.
  52. ^ Hahn, Steven (2012-10-01). "From Radical to Right-Wing: The Legacy of Eugene Genovese". The New Republic. ISSN 0028-6583. Retrieved 2023-12-29.
  53. ^ a b c d e Harnden, Tom. "The most influential US conservatives: 100-81." The Telegraph. 11 January 2010. 17 May 2017.
  54. ^ Professor Edward J Ahearn (28 April 2013). Urban Confrontations in Literature and Social Science, 1848-2001: European Contexts, American Evolutions. Ashgate Publishing, Ltd. p. 183. ISBN 978-1-4094-7560-6. John Edwards; Marion Crain; Arne Kalleberg (10 May 2011). Ending Poverty in America: How to Restore the American Dream. New Press. p. 83. ISBN 978-1-59558-732-9.
  55. ^ Nieli, Russell (1993). "Social Conservatives of the Left" (PDF). The Political Science Reviewer. XXII.
  56. ^ "Fifteen Questions: Harvey Mansfield on Ideological Diversity, Trumpism, and his Signature Fedora | Magazine | The Harvard Crimson". www.thecrimson.com. Retrieved 2023-12-27.
  57. ^ "Donald Trump -- Conservatives ...." National Review. 21 January 2016. 17 May 2017.
  58. ^ "Richard A. Viguerie Biography." PBS. 29 October 2004. 13 July 2018.
  59. ^ Cartwright, Gary (1992-03-01). "Mr. Right". Texas Monthly. Retrieved 2023-12-29.
  60. ^ Goodstein, Laurie (2009-01-09). "Rev. R. J. Neuhaus, Political Theologian, Dies at 72". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-12-29.
  61. ^ Kekes, John (1997). "What Is Conservatism?". philpapers.org. Retrieved 2023-12-29.
  62. ^ "The New Black Conservatives". The New York Times. 1981-10-04. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2020-06-25.
  63. ^ "Thomas Sowell – Biography". townhall.com. Retrieved 15 July 2018.
  64. ^ "A Conservative Get-Together Like No Other". spectator.org. 27 April 2016.
  65. ^ Francesco Forte; Ram Mudambi; Pietro Maria Navarra (28 March 2014). A Handbook of Alternative Theories of Public Economics. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 104. ISBN 978-1-78100-471-5. Barry Cooper; Allan Kornberg; William Mishler (1988). The Resurgence of Conservatism in Anglo-American Democracies. Duke University Press. pp. 103–104. ISBN 9780822307938. George H. Nash (8 April 2014). The Conservative Intellectual Movement in America Since 1945. Intercollegiate Studies Institute. p. 525. ISBN 978-1-4976-3640-8.
  66. ^ a b Draper, Robert. "How Donald Trump Set Off a Civil War Within the Right-Wing Media." The New York Times. 29 September 2016. 21 May 2017.
  67. ^ a b Jeff Taylor (27 September 2013). Politics on a Human Scale: The American Tradition of Decentralism. Lexington Books. p. 360. ISBN 978-0-7391-7576-7.
  68. ^ Thomas R. Dye (23 October 2015). Who's Running America?: The Obama Reign. Routledge. p. 158. ISBN 978-1-317-24906-1. Donald T Critchlow (30 June 2009). The Conservative Ascendancy: how the GOP right made political history. Harvard University Press. pp. 121–122. ISBN 978-0-674-03355-9. Michael J. Lacey; Mary O. Furner (25 June 1993). The State and Social Investigation in Britain and the United States. Cambridge University Press. p. 313. ISBN 978-0-521-41638-2. "Karl Rove Picks The Seven Most Powerful Conservatives". Forbes. 9 November 2009. Archived from the original on 22 June 2018. Retrieved 25 May 2017.
  69. ^ "Meet the Jewish 'Paleoconservative' Who Coined The Term 'Alternative Right'". The Forward. 2016-08-29. Retrieved 2023-12-27.
  70. ^ Conservative Leader Paul Weyrich Dies; First to Lead Heritage The Heritage Foundation. Retrieved on December 05, 2017.
  71. ^ Ryn, Claes G. (2007-01-15). "Not By Politics Alone". The American Conservative. Retrieved 2023-12-29.
  72. ^ "Scholars & Writers for Trump › American Greatness". American Greatness. 2016-09-28. Retrieved 2023-12-29.
  73. ^ Grimes, William. "Joseph Sobran, Writer Whom Buckley Mentored, Dies at 64." The New York Times. 1 October 2010. 6 July 2020.
  74. ^ Jim DeMint (2011). The Great American Awakening: Two Years that Changed America, Washington, and Me. B&H Publishing Group. p. 182. ISBN 978-1-4336-7279-8. Jon A. Shields; Joshua M. Dunn (2016). Passing on the Right: Conservative Professors in the Progressive University. Oxford University Press. pp. 50–51. ISBN 978-0-19-986305-1. Lanny Davis (24 March 2015). Scandal: How "Gotcha" Politics Is Destroying America. St. Martin's Press. p. 111. ISBN 978-1-4668-9280-4.
  75. ^ Weigel, David (2013-11-18). "This Conservative History Book Will Make You Stupider". Slate. ISSN 1091-2339. Retrieved 2023-12-29.
  76. ^ a b c d e Harnden, Toby. "The most influential US conservatives: 60-41." The Telegraph. 13 January 2010. 23 May 2017.
  77. ^ Risen, Clay (2022-01-15). "Terry Teachout, Arts Critic With a Wide Range, Is Dead at 65". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-12-27.
  78. ^ Chotiner, Isaac (2017-02-08). "What a Pro-Trump English Professor Thinks Now". Slate. ISSN 1091-2339. Retrieved 2023-12-29.
  79. ^ "President Trump granted a full pardon Thursday to conservative commentator Dinesh D'Souza and said he was strongly considering clemency for other celebrity felons." Rucker, Philip, et al. "Trump pardons conservative pundit Dinesh D'Souza, suggests others also could receive clemency." Washington Post. 31 May 2018. 22 June 2018.
  80. ^ "President Donald Trump said Thursday he plans to issue a pardon to Dinesh D'Souza, a prominent conservative commentator and filmmaker who was convicted of making an illegal campaign contribution." Breuninger, Kevin and Tucker Higgins. "Trump will pardon conservative pundit Dinesh D'Souza, who was convicted of campaign finance violation." CNBC. 31 May 2018. 16 October 2018.
  81. ^ "Former Actress Leigh-Allyn Baker's Pro-Life Journey and Advocacy". The American Coalition. Retrieved 2 April 2024.
  82. ^ Rebecca Nelson and National Journal (March 24, 2015). "The 21-Year-Old Becoming a Major Player in Conservative Politics". The Atlantic. Retrieved 2021-04-02.
  83. ^ J. Richard Piper (1997). Ideologies and Institutions: American Conservative and Liberal Governance Prescriptions Since 1933. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 115. ISBN 978-0-8476-8459-5. Lawrence S. Kaplan (14 April 2015). The Conversion of Senator Arthur H. Vandenberg: From Isolation to International Engagement. University Press of Kentucky. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-8131-6061-0. Roy D. Morey (21 November 2013). The United Nations at Work in Asia: An Envoy's Account of Development in China, Vietnam, Thailand and the South Pacific. McFarland. p. 6. ISBN 978-0-7864-7871-2. Andrew J. Bacevich (6 July 2007). The Long War: A New History of U.S. National Security Policy Since World War II. Columbia University Press. p. 3. ISBN 978-0-231-50586-4.
  84. ^ "Senate Leaders." U.S. Senate. 12 July 2018.
  85. ^ "John W. Bricker." Encyclopædia Britannica. 12 July 2018.
  86. ^ Grossman, Ron. "Unlikely civil rights hero." Chicago Tribune. 28 June 2014. 12 July 2018.
  87. ^ Peter Schweizer; Wynton C. Hall (6 March 2007). "Is the New Morality Destroying America?". Landmark Speeches of the American Conservative Movement. Texas A&M University Press. pp. 55–72. ISBN 978-1-58544-598-1. "Clare Boothe Luce (1903-1987)". The Eleanor Roosevelt Papers. George Washington University. 2006. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  88. ^ Farmer, Brian R. American Political Ideologies: An Introduction to the Major Systems of Thought in the 21st Century. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, 2006. p. 90.
  89. ^ "Joseph McCarthy." Biography. 17 May 2017.
  90. ^ "Ronald Reagan." Encyclopædia Britannica. 12 July 2018.
  91. ^ Medved, Michael. "Republicans of conscience: Michael Medved." USA Today. 19 October 2016. 17 May 2017.
  92. ^ Meier, Reinhard (30 November 2023). "Henry Kissinger ist tot: Eine prägende Figur der US-Aussenpolitik". Neue Zürcher Zeitung.
  93. ^ Lindsey, Robert. "Rehnquist in Arizona - A ...." The New York Times. 4 August 1986. 19 May 2017.
  94. ^ "A Look at Jeane Kirkpatrick's Political Legacy". Day to Day. National Public Radio. 8 December 2006. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  95. ^ Paul Finkelman (2 February 2009). Encyclopedia of African American History, 1896 to the Present: From the Age of Segregation to the Twenty-first Century Five-volume Set. Oxford University Press, USA. p. 486. ISBN 978-0-19-516779-5. Haun, William J. (22 March 2012). "The Philosopher in Action: A Tribute to the Honorable Edwin Meese III". Engage. The Federalist Society for Law & Public Policy Studies. Archived from the original on 18 May 2016. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  96. ^ Morton Kondracke; Fred Barnes (2015). Jack Kemp: The Bleeding-heart Conservative who Changed America. Penguin Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-59184-743-4. Matt K. Lewis (26 January 2016). Too Dumb to Fail: How the GOP Went from the Party of Reagan to the Party of Trump. Hachette Books. p. 48. ISBN 978-0-316-38391-2. Sal Maiorana (3 September 2010). Buffalo Bills: The Complete Illustrated History. MBI Publishing Company. p. 40. ISBN 978-1-61060-042-2.
  97. ^ James Brian McPherson (9 July 2008). The Conservative Resurgence and the Press: The Media's Role in the Rise of the Right. Northwestern University Press. p. 131. ISBN 978-0-8101-2332-8. Frank J. Smith (11 July 2016). Religion and Politics in America: An Encyclopedia of Church and State in American Life [2 volumes]: An Encyclopedia of Church and State in American Life. ABC-CLIO. pp. 473–474. ISBN 978-1-59884-436-8.
  98. ^ Richard A. Brisbin (1 September 1998). Justice Antonin Scalia and the Conservative Revival. JHU Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-6094-2. Ralph A. Rossum (2016). Antonin Scalia's Jurisprudence: Text and Tradition. University Press of Kansas. ISBN 978-0-7006-2350-1. Johnathan O'Neill (7 June 2005). Originalism in American Law and Politics: A Constitutional History. JHU Press. pp. 171–172. ISBN 978-0-8018-8111-4.
  99. ^ Farmer, American Political Ideologies, p. 58
  100. ^ a b Dallek, Matthew. "The Conservative 1960s." The Atlantic. December 1995. 21 May 2017.
  101. ^ Podhoretz, Norman. "Buchanan and the Conservative Crackup." Commentary Magazine. 1 May 1992. 13 July 2018.
  102. ^ "Dick Armey Calls It Quits." CBS News. 10 December 2001. 12 July 2018.
  103. ^ a b c d e f g h Harnden, Tom. "The most influential US conservatives: 20-1." The Telegraph. 15 January 2010. 17 May 2017.
  104. ^ a b Graham, David A. "The COVID-19 Delta Variant ...." The Atlantic. 30 July 2021. 30 July 2021.
  105. ^ Duignan, Brian, et al. "Donald Trump - Politics." Encyclopædia Britannica. 11 June 2020. 19 June 2020.
  106. ^ Collinson, Stephen. "Donald Trump's Cabinet a boon for conservatives." CNN. 20 December 2016. 6 September 2018.
  107. ^ "Pete Kasperowicz, Mark Meadows: 'Donald Trump is a Conservative,' Washington Examiner (Mar. 17, 2017)".
  108. ^ "Donald Trump on the Issues". www.ontheissues.org.
  109. ^ "The Return of 'Street Corner Conservatism'". National Review. December 24, 2016.
  110. ^ "Scott Wong, McCarthy: Trump is a Conservative, The Hill (Feb. 1, 2016)". February 2016.
  111. ^ Chait, Jonathan. "Donald Trump Is the Most Pure Conservative President Ever." NYMag. 23 February 2018. 20 September 2018.
  112. ^ Farmer, American Political Ideologies, p. 47
  113. ^ Chris J. Magoc (14 December 2015). Imperialism and Expansionism in American History: A Social, Political, and Cultural Encyclopedia and Document Collection [4 volumes]: A Social, Political, and Cultural Encyclopedia and Document Collection. ABC-CLIO. pp. 1434–1435. ISBN 978-1-61069-430-8. Robert Rauch. "John R. Bolton". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. Retrieved 23 May 2017.
  114. ^ Krugman, 183
  115. ^ John G. Geer; Wendy J. Schiller; Jeffrey A. Segal; Richard Herrera (1 January 2015). Gateways to Democracy: An Introduction to American Government. Cengage Learning. p. 293. ISBN 978-1-305-56240-0.
  116. ^ Michael Ondaatje (29 November 2011). Black Conservative Intellectuals in Modern America. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 9. ISBN 978-0-8122-2204-3. Condoleezza Rice (January 2012). Condoleezza Rice: A Memoir of My Extraordinary, Ordinary Family and Me. Ember. p. 271. ISBN 978-0-385-73880-4.
  117. ^ Roger Chapman; James Ciment (17 March 2015). "Michele Bachmann (1956–)". Culture Wars: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints and Voices. Routledge. p. 41. ISBN 978-1-317-47351-0. John C. Green; Daniel J. Coffey; David B. Cohen (21 August 2014). The State of the Parties: The Changing Role of Contemporary American Parties. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 5. ISBN 978-1-4422-2561-9. Mary Zeiss Stange; Carol K. Oyster; Jane E. Sloan; Karrin Vasby Anderson (9 January 2013). "Bachmann, Michele". The Multimedia Encyclopedia of Women in Today's World. SAGE Publications. pp. 139–140. ISBN 978-1-4522-7037-1.
  118. ^ Mayer, Jane. "The Danger of President Pence." The New Yorker. 23 October 2017. 12 July 2018.
  119. ^ Roger Chapman; James Ciment (17 March 2015). Culture Wars: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints and Voices. Routledge. p. 500. ISBN 978-1-317-47351-0. Henry R. Nau (25 August 2015). Conservative Internationalism: Armed Diplomacy under Jefferson, Polk, Truman, and Reagan. Princeton University Press. pp. 19–20. ISBN 978-1-4008-7372-2. Nolan McCarty; Keith T. Poole; Howard Rosenthal (21 May 2013). Political Bubbles: Financial Crises and the Failure of American Democracy. Princeton University Press. p. 48. ISBN 978-1-4008-4639-9.
  120. ^ DeSanctis, Alexandra (July 2, 2018). "The Republican Party's Joyful Warrior". National Review. Retrieved 2018-07-07.
  121. ^ "The conservative gladiator from Kansas behind restrictive voting laws". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 14, 2017.
  122. ^ Moore, Elena (August 4, 2020). "Conservative Kris Kobach Loses Kansas GOP Senate Primary". NPR. Retrieved August 4, 2020.
  123. ^ "Kansas Secretary of State Kris Kobach found in contempt of court on voting case". Fox 4 Kansas City. WDAF-TV. Associated Press. April 18, 2018. Retrieved April 19, 2018.
  124. ^ Joel D. Aberbach (5 August 2016). Understanding Contemporary American Conservatism. Routledge. p. 133. ISBN 978-1-317-19396-8. John Sides; Daniel J. Hopkins (12 March 2015). Political Polarization in American Politics. Bloomsbury Academic. p. 14. ISBN 978-1-5013-0627-3.
  125. ^ a b Alfonso Gonzales (2014). Reform Without Justice: Latino Migrant Politics and the Homeland Security State. Oxford University Press. p. 157. ISBN 978-0-19-997339-2.
  126. ^ Berman, Russell. "Paul Ryan's Unrealized Conservative Vision." The Atlantic. 11 April 2018. 12 July 2018.
  127. ^ Salam, Reihan. "Marco Rubio's Lonely Fight for ...." The Atlantic. 23 February 2018. 12 July 2018.
  128. ^ Katz, Jonathan (October 1, 2015). "The Man Who Launched the GOP's Civil War". Politico. Retrieved October 5, 2017.
  129. ^ Jackson, Harold (March 19, 2003). "Joseph Coors". The Guardian.
  130. ^ Kruse, Kevin M. "Billy Graham, 'America's pastor'?" Washington Post. 22 February 2018. 12 July 2018.
  131. ^ Eng, Monica, et al. "Sushi and Rev. Moon." Chicago Tribune. 11 April 2006. 19 May 2017.
  132. ^ a b c d e Bennett, Laurie. "The Ultra-Rich, Ultra-Conservative DeVos Family." Forbes. 26 December 2011. 19 May 2017.
  133. ^ Folkenflik, David. "Rupert Murdoch and Donald Trump ...." NPR. 14 March 2017. 12 July 2018.
  134. ^ Wang, Hansi Lo. "Richard Mellon Scaife, Champion Of Conservative Causes, Dies At 82." NPR. 4 July 2014. 12 July 2018.
  135. ^ McGreal, Chris. "Where is Republican billionaire 'kingmaker' Sheldon Adelson?" The Guardian. 22 February 2016. 12 July 2018.
  136. ^ Farmer, American Political Ideologies, p. 57
  137. ^ Merritt, Jonathan. "The Rise of the Christian Left in America." The Atlantic. 25 July 2013. 21 May 2017.
  138. ^ a b Peters, Jeremy W. "David Koch Steps Down From Business and Conservative Political Group." The New York Times. 5 June 2018. 13 July 2018.
  139. ^ Redden, Molly. "Rick Santorum's ...." The New Republic. 7 February 2012. 12 July 2018.
  140. ^ "TIME Names the 25 Most Influential EVANGELICALS in America." Time. 30 January 2005. 17 May 2017.
  141. ^ Mayer, Jane (19 March 2017). "The Reclusive Hedge-Fund Tycoon Behind the Trump Presidency". The New Yorker.
  142. ^ Dias, Elizabeth. "The Evangelical Fight to Win Back California." The New York Times. 27 May 2018. 12 July 2018.
  143. ^ Sarah McBride (January 4, 2018). "Peter Thiel Is Reportedly Exploring Launching Conservative News Outlet". Bloomberg.
  144. ^ Gjelten, Tom. "Russell Moore, Evangelical Leader ...." NPR. 20 December 2016. 12 July 2018.
  145. ^ Sean J. Savage (1 February 2012). JFK, LBJ, and the Democratic Party. SUNY Press. p. 210. ISBN 978-0-7914-8468-5. Lee Edwards (23 July 1999). The Conservative Revolution: The Movement that Remade America. Simon & Schuster. p. 86. ISBN 978-0-684-84421-3. Kurt Schuparra (24 September 1998). Triumph of the Right: The Rise of the California Conservative Movement, 1945-1966. M.E. Sharpe. p. 34. ISBN 978-0-7656-3905-9.
  146. ^ Princeton Alumni Weekly. princeton alumni weekly. 1934. p. 187. PRNC:32101081976852. Richard A. Viguerie; David Franke (2004). America's Right Turn: How Conservatives Used New and Alternative Media to Take Power. Bonus Books. p. 51. ISBN 978-1-56625-252-2. William M. Hammond (10 February 1989). Public Affairs the Military and the Media, 1962-1968. Government Printing Office. p. 129. ISBN 978-0-16-001673-8.
  147. ^ Gregory L. Schneider (2009). The Conservative Century: From Reaction to Revolution. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 94. ISBN 978-0-7425-4285-3. Nicole Hemmer (25 August 2016). Messengers of the Right: Conservative Media and the Transformation of American Politics. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 60. ISBN 978-0-8122-4839-5. Elizabeth Tandy Shermer (28 February 2013). Barry Goldwater and the Remaking of the American Political Landscape. University of Arizona Press. p. 116. ISBN 978-0-8165-9979-0. "Clarence Manion, a Conservative And Ex-Law Dean at Notre Dame". The New York Times. 29 July 1979. Retrieved 26 May 2017.
  148. ^ James Landers (2004). The Weekly War: Newsmagazines and Vietnam. University of Missouri Press. p. 8. ISBN 978-0-8262-6262-2. Jason Stahl (4 March 2016). Right Moves: The Conservative Think Tank in American Political Culture since 1945. University of North Carolina Press. p. 129. ISBN 978-1-4696-2787-8. Robert Kagan; William Kristol (2000). Present Dangers: Crisis and Opportunity in American Foreign and Defense Policy. Encounter Books. p. 30. ISBN 978-1-893554-16-0. Lisa M. Mundey (17 January 2012). American Militarism and Anti-Militarism in Popular Media, 1945–1970. McFarland. p. 1. ISBN 978-0-7864-8984-8.
  149. ^ Donald A. Ritchie (15 March 2005). Reporting from Washington: The History of the Washington Press Corps. Oxford University Press. p. 58. ISBN 978-0-19-534632-9. Donald T. Critchlow (2005). Phyllis Schlafly and Grassroots Conservatism: A Woman's Crusade. Princeton University Press. p. 69. ISBN 0-691-07002-4. Nicole Hemmer (25 August 2016). Messengers of the Right: Conservative Media and the Transformation of American Politics. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 112. ISBN 978-0-8122-4839-5. Mickey Edwards (1 March 2008). Reclaiming Conservatism: How a Great American Political Movement Got Lost--And How It Can Find Its Way Back. Oxford University Press. p. 28. ISBN 978-0-19-971481-0. Gregory L. Schneider (16 November 2009). The Conservative Century: From Reaction to Revolution. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 95. ISBN 978-0-7425-6394-0.
  150. ^ Nicole Hemmer (25 August 2016). Messengers of the Right: Conservative Media and the Transformation of American Politics. University of Pennsylvania Press. p. 10. ISBN 978-0-8122-4839-5. Gregory L. Schneider (1999). Cadres for Conservatism: Young Americans for Freedom and the Rise of the Contemporary Right. NYU Press. p. 17. ISBN 978-0-8147-8108-1. Nicole Hoplin; Ron Robinson (6 June 2008). "Henry Regnery". Funding Fathers: The Unsung Heroes of the Conservative Movement. Regnery Publishing. pp. 35–56. ISBN 978-1-59698-582-7. "Henry Regnery, 84, Ground-Breaking Conservative Publisher". The New York Times. Robert McG. Thomas Jr. 23 June 1996. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
  151. ^ Michael Crane (2004). The Political Junkie Handbook. SP Books. p. 588. ISBN 978-1-56171-891-7. Roger Chapman; James Ciment (17 March 2015). Culture Wars: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints and Voices. Routledge. p. 292. ISBN 978-1-317-47351-0. "Paul Harvey". Biography. A&E Television Networks, LLC. 2017. Retrieved 27 May 2017. American radio commentator Paul Harvey spent a long life delivering conservative broadcasts on current events, reaching, at his peak, 24 million people daily. Watson, Carlos (9 October 2014). "The Rest Of The Story: Paul Harvey, Conservative Talk Radio Pioneer". NPR. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
  152. ^ Brian Regal (2005). Radio: The Life Story of a Technology. Greenwood Publishing Group. p. 114. ISBN 978-0-313-33167-1. William Baker (13 October 2009). Endless Money: The Moral Hazards of Socialism. John Wiley & Sons. p. 159. ISBN 978-0-470-55800-3. Harris M. Lentz III (16 May 2014). Obituaries in the Performing Arts, 2013. McFarland. p. 140. ISBN 978-1-4766-1652-0. Byers, Dylan (2 January 2014). "Conservative radio's Bob Grant dead at 84". Politico. Retrieved 27 May 2017. Griffith, Janelle (3 January 2017). "Bob Grant, father of conservative talk radio, dead at 84". Star-Ledger. Newark. Retrieved 27 May 2017. "Conservative Radio Host Bob Grant Dies at 84". Variety. Associated Press. 2 January 2017. Retrieved 27 May 2017.
  153. ^ Ellis Washington (9 May 2013). The Progressive Revolution: Liberal Fascism through the Ages, Vol. II: 2009 Writings. University Press of America. pp. 229–232. ISBN 978-0-7618-6112-6. William C. Berman (14 April 1998). America's Right Turn: From Nixon to Clinton. JHU Press. p. 151. ISBN 978-0-8018-5872-7. Bruce Frohnen; Jeremy Beer; Nelson O. Jeffrey; Jacob Neusner (20 May 2014). "Safire, William (1929–)". American Conservatism: An Encyclopedia. Intercollegiate Studies Institute. p. 1046. ISBN 978-1-4976-5157-9.
  154. ^ Tasha S. Philpot (2 March 2017). Conservative but Not Republican. Cambridge University Press. p. 1. ISBN 978-1-107-16438-3. Jeffrey M. Berry; Sarah Sobieraj (August 2016). The Outrage Industry: Political Opinion Media and the New Incivility. Oxford University Press. pp. 53, 15. ISBN 978-0-19-049846-7. Hansch, Mark (10 November 2015). "Herman Cain: Liberals 'hate' black conservatives like Carson". The Hill. Washington, D.C. Retrieved 23 June 2017. Travis, Shannon (15 April 2013). "Cain: 'Don't call me a Republican'". CNN. Archived from the original on 6 August 2016. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
  155. ^ George Ritzer (2010). Globalization: A Basic Text. John Wiley & Sons. p. 52. ISBN 978-1-4051-3271-8. Patricia Zavella (13 June 2011). I'm Neither Here Nor There: Mexicans' Quotidian Struggles with Migration and Poverty. Duke University Press. p. 50. ISBN 978-0-8223-5035-4. "Lou Dobbs". Biography. A&E Television Networks, LLC. 2017. Retrieved 24 June 2017. Brian Stelter; Bill Carter (11 November 2009). "Lou Dobbs Abruptly Quits CNN". The New York Times. Retrieved 24 June 2017.
  156. ^ Michael K. Baranowski (19 July 2013). Navigating the News: A Political Media User's Guide: A Political Media User's Guide. ABC-CLIO. p. 18. ISBN 978-1-4408-0322-2. Randy Bobbitt (25 May 2010). Us Against Them: The Political Culture of Talk Radio. Lexington Books. p. 200. ISBN 978-0-7391-2639-4. Nancy Beck Young; William D. Pederson; Byron W. Daynes (2001). Franklin D. Roosevelt and the Shaping of American Political Culture. M.E. Sharpe. p. 19. ISBN 978-0-7656-0621-1. Elizabeth Haas; Terry Christensen; Peter J. Haas (10 April 2015). Projecting Politics: Political Messages in American Films. Taylor & Francis. p. 58. ISBN 978-1-317-52002-3. Gold, Hadas (6 November 2016). "Michael Medved suffers for his anti-Trump stance". Politico. Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 15 June 2017.
  157. ^ a b Brian C. Anderson (5 February 2013). South Park Conservatives: The Revolt Against Liberal Media Bias. Regnery Publishing. p. 36. ISBN 978-1-62157-112-4.
  158. ^ Sara E. Karesh; Mitchell M. Hurvitz (2005). Encyclopedia of Judaism. Infobase Publishing. pp. 402–403. ISBN 978-0-8160-6982-8. Tim Brooks; Earle F. Marsh (24 June 2009). The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network and Cable TV Shows, 1946-Present. Random House Publishing Group. p. 345. ISBN 978-0-307-48320-1. Piasecki, Joe (15 December 2010). "Q & A: The eloquent conservative". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 24 June 2017. Ernst, Douglas (11 October 2016). "YouTube muzzles PragerU's conservative content, group 'no option but to go public'". The Washington Times. Retrieved 24 June 2017. Hsu, Alyssa (17 May 2017). "Bruin Republicans to continue to host potentially controversial speakers". Daily Bruin. University of California, Los Angeles. Retrieved 24 June 2017.
  159. ^ Rutenberg, Jim. "Bill O'Reilly's Ouster Will Test Loyalties of Fox Viewers." The New York Times. 19 April 2017. 16 July 2018.
  160. ^ Ernest D. Giglio (2010). Here's Looking at You: Hollywood, Film & Politics. Peter Lang. p. 51. ISBN 978-1-4331-0644-6. Larry F. Sternberg (2006). Why Jews Should Not Be Liberals. Pelican Publishing. p. 15. ISBN 978-1-4556-1421-9. Kirsten Powers (11 May 2015). The Silencing: How the Left is Killing Free Speech. Regnery Publishing. p. 22. ISBN 978-1-62157-391-3. Lamont, Michael (27 May 1995). "Conversation / Larry Elder : 'Racism Has Almost No Effect On How a Person Succeeds or Fails'". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 25 June 2017. Haynes, V. Dion (30 November 1997). "Race Debate Swirls Around Conservative Black Radio Host". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved 25 June 2017. Roe, Mike (3 December 2014). "Conservative talk show host Larry Elder fired by KABC". Southern California Public Radio. Retrieved 25 June 2017. Sabia, Carmine (14 June 2015). "Black conservative talk show host Larry Elder NAILS libs on NAACP fraud". BizPac Review. Palm Beach County. Retrieved 25 June 2017.
  161. ^ Chait, Jonathan. "A Defector From Conservatism With a Clear Vision of Trump's Rise." NYMag. 19 October 2018.
  162. ^ Richard Davis (2009). Typing Politics: The Role of Blogs in American Politics. Oxford University Press. p. 53. ISBN 978-0-19-537375-2. Belson, Eve (November 1992). "Fifteen People Orange County Can't Ignore". Orange Coast Magazine. California: Emmis Communications. Retrieved 5 July 2017. Richardson, Valerie (25 June 2017). "Left erupts after liberal MSNBC debuts show starring conservative Hugh Hewitt". The Washington Times. Retrieved 5 July 2017. Cleary, Tom (16 September 2015). "Hugh Hewitt: 5 Fast Facts You Need to Know". Heavy. Heavy. Retrieved 5 July 2017. "Hugh Hewitt". Our Faculty. Chapman University. Retrieved 5 July 2017.
  163. ^ Sheffield, Matthew. "Fox News Conservative Media ...." National Review. 4 August 2016. 21 May 2017.
  164. ^ "Conservative commentator Ann Coulter said Wednesday that her planned speech at the University of California at Berkeley this week was canceled amid mounting concerns about potentially violent protests." Svrluga, Susan, et al. "Ann Coulter speech at UC Berkeley canceled, again, amid fears for safety." Washington Post. 26 April 2017. 22 June 2018.
  165. ^ "The New York Times bestselling author and conservative political commentator Ann Coulter's new book ..." "Ann Coulter: Conservative ...." ABC News. 7 June 2011. 22 June 2018.
  166. ^ Byers, Dylan (31 March 2015). "Laura Ingraham to launch news site". Politico. Arlington, Virginia: Robert L. Allbritton. Retrieved 23 June 2017. Brian Stelter; Dana Bash; Jim Acosta (16 November 2016). "Laura Ingraham considered for White House press secretary post". CNN. Retrieved 23 June 2017. Peters, Jeremy W. (11 June 2014). "Potent Voices of Conservative Media Propelled Cantor Opponent". The New York Times. Retrieved 23 June 2017.
  167. ^ "Adam Carolla: 'I'm Republican, But I'd Like Pot Legalized' | PopEater.com". 2015-01-03. Archived from the original on 2015-01-03. Retrieved 2023-12-27.
  168. ^ a b Savransky, Rebecca (2017-04-27). "Trump met with Matt Drudge in Oval Office: report". TheHill. Retrieved 2017-05-04.
  169. ^ Andrew Breitbart (15 April 2011). Righteous Indignation: Excuse Me While I Save the World. Grand Central Publishing. p. 48. ISBN 978-0-446-58266-7. Richard A. Viguerie; David Franke (2004). America's Right Turn: How Conservatives Used New and Alternative Media to Take Power. Bonus Books. p. 285. ISBN 978-1-56625-252-2. Stephen L. Vaughn; Jason F. Shepard (11 December 2007). "Drudge Report". Encyclopedia of American Journalism. Routledge. pp. 146–147. ISBN 978-1-135-88020-0. Anthony Fellow (1 January 2012). American Media History. Cengage Learning. p. 373. ISBN 978-1-111-34812-0. Rodney P. Carlisle; Arthur Holst (17 March 2005). "Drudge, Matt (1966–)". Encyclopedia of Politics: The Left and the Right. SAGE Publications. p. 618. ISBN 978-1-4522-6531-5.
  170. ^ Roger Chapman; James Ciment (17 March 2015). Culture Wars: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints and Voices. Routledge. p. 71. ISBN 978-1-317-47351-0. Lee Banville (12 December 2016). Covering American Politics in the 21st Century: An Encyclopedia of News Media Titans, Trends, and Controversies [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. pp. 67–69. ISBN 978-1-4408-3553-7. Timothy Stanley (13 May 2014). Citizen Hollywood: How the Collaboration between LA and DC Revolutionized American Politics. St. Martin's Press. p. 251. ISBN 978-1-250-03250-8. Pearce, Matt (18 March 2016). "Andrew Breitbart warned conservatives about Trump, but he never saw this coming". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 4 May 2017. Dr. Anthony Bryson (19 April 2017). The Trump Card: The Long Game of Discrediting Mass Media & Influencing Elections. Bilateral Commission Press. p. 96. ISBN 978-1-5378-9913-8.
  171. ^ Alter, Charlotte. "Tucker Carlson Became ...." Time. 15 July 2021. 22 July 2021.
  172. ^ "The world's 50 most powerful blogs." The Guardian. 9 March 2008. 21 May 2017.
  173. ^ Goldsberry, Jenny; Producer, Social Media (March 26, 2022). "Ben Shapiro introduces conservative alternative to Disney". Washington Examiner. Retrieved April 6, 2022.
  174. ^ Solis, Marie (21 November 2017). "Meet Blaire White, the Transgender Trump Supporter Winning Over Conservatives on YouTube". Newsweek. Retrieved 27 March 2024.
  175. ^ Gillot, Hannah (November 6, 2023). "Who is Jackson Hinkle? Twitter's most viral misinformation spreader and anti-Israel activist". The Jewish Cronichle. ISSN 0021-633X. Retrieved November 15, 2023.
  176. ^ "Who is Brett Cooper- Hollywood Sensation and Conservative Commentator Extraordinaire?". All things Biography. Rafeal. 10 February 2024. Retrieved 13 April 2024.
  177. ^ Wagstaff 2004, pp. 84–86
  178. ^ Roswell, N.M (April 6, 1997). "Henriette Wyeth, 89 Portrait Subjects Included Pat Nixon". Los Angeles Times.
  179. ^ Grant, Daniel (August 17, 2016). "Why Do Critics Still Hate Andrew Wyeth?". The Observer.
  180. ^ Jovanovich, Alex (December 31, 2023). "Artist, feminist traced roots back to Toledo". The Blade. A lifelong Republican — "She was willing to wait for the party to come around," son Barry said — she helped organize the Michigan Women's Republican Caucus
  181. ^ Jovanovich, Alex (November 2023). "Brigid Berlin at Vito Schnabel Gallery". Artforum.
  182. ^ a b "10 Surprisingly Conservative Musicians". Flavorwire. September 5, 2012.
  183. ^ Kramer, Lawrence (November 2008). "Music and the Politics of Memory: Charles Ives's A Symphony: New England Holidays". Journal of the Society for American Music. 2 (4): 459–475. doi:10.1017/S1752196308080139. ISSN 1752-1971. S2CID 154647105.
  184. ^ Lawrence Kestenbaum. "Lucy Gates Bowen". Political Graveyard. Retrieved 2013-03-19.
  185. ^ "Note On Recordings". University of California Press. From the time he turned away from the self-consciously "modern" in the interests of his creative integrity as an African American, Still characterized himself as "conservative," although his urge to work the various aspects of his life and his music into a coherent strand made him an innovator in spite of himself.
  186. ^ Tong, Scott; Tamagawa, Emiko (June 18, 2024). "Celebrating late jazz icon Duke Ellington on his 125th birthday". If anything, his politics increasingly skewed conservative and libertarian. Communism's anti-religious bent were an affront to Duke's faith. So was its anti-capitalism, because, said Mercer, his father "liked the idea of one day becoming rich." He was for prayer in schools and against abortion on demand. In 1956 he recorded an ad for the US propaganda network Radio Free Europe proclaiming, "Jazz leaves lots of room for individual expression, and in the Communist-dominated countries, jazz and individual expression are two things that are not wanted."
  187. ^ When Hollywood Was Right: How Movie Stars, Studio Moguls, and Big Business Remade American Politics. Cambridge University Press. October 21, 2013. ISBN 9781107650282.
  188. ^ Jackson, Jeffrey H. (2005). Music And History: Bridging The Disciplines. University Press of Mississippi. p. 102. ISBN 1-57806-762-6.
  189. ^ "Sun Ra- Space Is the Place". Jason Gross. August 1997.
  190. ^ Steve Pond (July 4, 1991). "Frank Sinatra and Politics". Legacy. Sinatra.com. Archived from the original on May 15, 2011. Retrieved July 11, 2023.
  191. ^ a b "Reagan to Raise Funds With a Sinatra Concert". New York Times. 1 October 1979.
  192. ^ Tymoczko, Dmitri (October 1, 2000). "The Sound of Philosophy". Boston Review.
  193. ^ Pyron, Darden Asbury (2000). Liberace: An American Boy. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 978-0-226-68669-1.
  194. ^ Weston, Paul (June 28, 2012). Song of the Open Road: An Autobiography and Other Writings. BearManor Media. p. 195. ISBN 978-1-59393-287-9.
  195. ^ Diekman, Diane (2012). Twentieth Century Drifter: The Life of Marty Robbins. University of Illinois Press. p. 99. ISBN 978-0252081255.
  196. ^ Romano, Lois (August 8, 2005). "Branson, Mo., Looks Beyond RVs and Buffets". The Washington Post. Retrieved October 19, 2009.
  197. ^ Hall, Michael (January 6, 2014). "The Greatest Music Producer You've Never Heard of Is . . ". Texas Monthly.
  198. ^ Ruggiero, Bob (March 28, 2016). "Tiptoeing Through the Bizarre Life (and Hygiene Practices) of Tiny Tim". Houston Press.
  199. ^ Ron, Elving (8 October 2022). "How Loretta Lynn, country music and a rural Republican tide changed U.S. politics". NPR.
  200. ^ Robinson, Eugene (October 18, 2020). "SOUL BROTHER NO. 1 JAMES BROWN ENDORSES RICHARD NIXON? BELIEVE IT". Eugene Robinson. OZY. Archived from the original on November 28, 2020. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
  201. ^ "Quoted: James Brown on Ronald Reagan". The Reliable Source. The Washington Post. May 28, 2013. Archived from the original on May 20, 2021. Retrieved November 23, 2020.
  202. ^ Wood, Mikael (25 October 2023). "At 89, Frankie Valli is ready for one last encore". Los Angeles Times.
  203. ^ Critchlow, Donald T. (October 21, 2013). When Hollywood Was Right: How Movie Stars, Studio Moguls, and Big Business Remade American Politics. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107650282.
  204. ^ a b c Bainbridge, Luke (October 14, 2007). "The ten right-wing rockers". The Guardian. Retrieved October 14, 2007.
  205. ^ Morris, Chris; Holland, Bill (January 17, 1998). "Bono Recalled as Politician and Performer". Billboard. New York, NY. p. 16.
  206. ^ "Jerry Lee Lewis Great Balls of Fire". BBC Radio 6 Music. October 24, 2008.
  207. ^ Cohen, Seth (July 7, 2020). "Charlie Daniels Understood Something About MAGA That Democrats Still Don't". Forbes. Retrieved 2022-12-17.
  208. ^ Wadey, Paul (September 4, 2008). "Jerry Reed: Actor and country singer". The Independent. Archived from the original on June 8, 2022. Retrieved February 21, 2020.
  209. ^ Sanello, Frank (August 8, 1984). "Conservative stars come out of the closet for Reagan". United Press International.
  210. ^ Rolland, David (May 17, 2016). "Surf Guitar King Dick Dale on Donald Trump and Our "Money-Hungry" Government". New Times Broward-Palm Beach.
  211. ^ Wager, Gregg (April 5, 1990). "Conservative Composer Mellows a Bit, Charles Wuorinen maintains a distinction between serious music and music for entertainment, His Sonata for Violin and Piano will receive its West Coast premiere at Chapman College". Los Angeles Times.
  212. ^ McManmon, Michele (December 21, 2015). "Kenny Rogers on Donald Trump: 'I love what he says, I have to admit'". The Guardian.
  213. ^ Peterson, Mike (28 January 2016). "Don Everly backs Hillary Clinton". KMAland.com. Retrieved 2023-01-22.
  214. ^ Fitzgerald, Rory (30 March 2012). "The rock star who met Christ on a jog". Catholic Herald.
  215. ^ "Beach Boys' Bruce Johnston Blasts Obama". Rolling Stone. 2012-05-11. Retrieved 2019-09-04.
  216. ^ "J ROGER MCGUINN - DOB: 1942/07/13 - Orlando, FL - Florida Resident Database". Archived from the original on December 21, 2016. Retrieved December 6, 2016.
  217. ^ Kastor, Elizabeth (1988-07-20). "STAYING IN TIME WITH THE REPUBLICANS". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2023-07-04.
  218. ^ M. Kitts, Thomas (25 July 2023). The Life and Music of Richie Furay. Penn State Press. ISBN 978-0-271-09632-2.
  219. ^ Starkey, Arun (August 26, 2022). "7 of the most shocking political stances of musicians". Far Out Magazine.
  220. ^ a b Maidment, Thomas (13 November 2018). "Don't Be Surprised, But There Are More Right-Wing Musicians Than You Think". The Huffington Post.
  221. ^ O'Hagan, Nathan (22 February 2021). "Reaganite Rockers to Brexit Punks: 'The Kids are Alt-Right'". Byline Times.
  222. ^ Balancia, Donna (May 28, 2017). "Exclusive Interview: Rick Derringer Talks Remarkable Career as he Plays Through the Work". usrockermusic.com.
  223. ^ Hohmann, James (October 25, 2012). "Meat Loaf and Mitt". Politico. Retrieved October 26, 2012.
  224. ^ Waddell, Ray (September 3, 2015). "Meat Loaf Explains His 'Completely Different' New Record, Trump's Trolling, 'Rocky Horror' Reunion and a Tour". Billboard. Retrieved December 17, 2017.
  225. ^ a b c d e Sullivan, James (October 25, 2012). "A Pocket Guide to Republican Rockers". Rolling Stone.
  226. ^ a b c d Kaufman, Gil (26 January 2017). "From Slayer to Alice Cooper & Megadeth: Hard Rock's History of Conservative Comments". Billboard. Archived from the original on August 4, 2022.
  227. ^ "Billy Zoom - 2004". Mark Prindle. 2004.
  228. ^ Catlin, Roger (March 4, 2021). "Mark Farner The TVD Interview". The Vinyl District.
  229. ^ "Johnny Ramone's Top-Ten Lists -- New York Magazine - Nymag". New York Magazine. 16 March 2012.
  230. ^ Friedman, Roger (30 November 2019). "Raspberries for 70s Raspberries Rock Group Singer Eric Carmen As He Reveals Himself as Major Trump Supporter". ShowBiz411.
  231. ^ Gavin, Patrick (December 6, 2010). "Gene Simmons Knocks President Obama". Politico. Retrieved December 6, 2010.
  232. ^ Kaplan, Ben (August 22, 2012). "Fight for your right: Conservatives who want to rock (while being fiscally responsible)". National Post.
  233. ^ Sisario, Ben (2022-12-22). "Journey Guitarist to Bandmate Who Played for Trump: No Political Gigs". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2022-12-22.
  234. ^ a b c A. Ensminger, David (2023). Roots Punk: A Visual and Oral History. University Press of Mississippi. ISBN 978-1496848437.
  235. ^ Helman, Peter (30 October 2016). "Trump Supporter Joey Kramer Says Bandmates' Obama Photo "Not Representative Of Aerosmith"". Stereogum.
  236. ^ Dave Wedge. "Aerosmith's Joe Perry walks this way with John McCain". Boston Herald.
  237. ^ Andy Greene (10 September 2020). "Former Kiss Guitarist Ace Frehley: 'I Am a Trump Supporter'". Rolling Stone.
  238. ^ "John Lynn Turner stands by statement that Putin is 'Telling the truth', says Trump is 'Really Trying To Do a Good Job'". Blabbermouth. 2 December 2017. Retrieved 2 December 2017.
  239. ^ NME (2 December 2008). "Marky Ramone: 'Phil Spector didn't hold a gun to us'". NME. Retrieved 4 May 2022. Johnny and Dee Dee were staunch, avid right wing conservative fanatics.
  240. ^ Frank Zappa on Crossfire 1986 on YouTube (3:15)
  241. ^ "DON DOKKEN: 'If I Had My Way And I Ran A Country, I'd Shut The Borders Down'". Blabbermouth. October 21, 2015.
  242. ^ Wengrofsky, Yehudah (April 1, 2021). "Ross 'The Boss' tells American Jews to get tough". The Times of Israel.
  243. ^ Takahashi, Dean (March 3, 2024). "Halo music composer Marty O'Donnell is running for Congress in Nevada". VentureBeat. Retrieved March 3, 2024.
  244. ^ Helman, Peter (30 May 2017). "Glenn Danzig Defends Trump's Travel Ban, Says Planned Parenthood Shouldn't Be 'Selling Baby Parts'". Billboard.
  245. ^ Hartman, Graham (17 August 2013). "Glenn Danzig: 'My View on Democrats Is that They're Fascists Disguised as Liberals". Loudwire.
  246. ^ Kinsella, Warren (July 31, 2017). "When Even Rock Stars Like Donald Trump". Huffington Post. Retrieved November 23, 2021.
  247. ^ Flota, Brian (2016). The Politics of Post-9/11 Music: Sound, Trauma, and the Music Industry in the Time of Terror. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-4094-9492-8.
  248. ^ Lewis, Randy (March 8, 1985). "Punkers to play for GOP group". Los Angeles Times.
  249. ^ Michelle, Boorstein (8 October 2016). "Raunchy Prince was actually a conservative Christian who reportedly opposed gay marriage". The Washington Post.
  250. ^ S. Debies-Carl, Jeffery (2014). The Politics of Post-9/11 Music: Sound, Trauma, and the Music Industry in the Time of Terror. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 9781409494928.
  251. ^ Clark, Jeff (15 September 2014). "Shotguns, Chainshaws and Cherry bombs: Cherie Currie is one badass mother!". Stomp And Stammer.
  252. ^ Scaroleta, Tom (April 7, 2022). "Lynyrd Skynyrd, .38 Special's Van Zant brothers write 'Sweet Florida' tribute song for DeSantis". Florida Times-Union.
  253. ^ "Jack Rusell Would Take Donald Trump Over 'Crook' Hillary Clinton 'Any Day'". Blabbermouth. January 23, 2017.
  254. ^ Charlie, Steffens (23 October 2007). "Type O Negative Frontman Peter Steele - "Your parents aren't going to like this music; if they do you better find different parents". Brave Words & Bloody Knuckles.
  255. ^ Glacial, Rod (30 November 2014). "There Will Never Be Another Pete Steele: A Conversation with the Author of Steele's New Biography, 'Soul on Fire'". Vice Media.
  256. ^ "Tampa musical acts: Some Republican stalwarts, but others cross party lines". The Washington Post. 2012-08-12. Archived from the original on 2013-04-12. Retrieved 2013-05-14.
  257. ^ McPheeters, Sam (2009-08-31). "Survival Of The Streets | VICE United States". Vice.com. Retrieved 2014-05-20.
  258. ^ a b Flota, Brian (2016). The Politics of Post-9/11 Music: Sound, Trauma, and the Music Industry in the Time of Terror. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-4094-9492-8.
  259. ^ "Ex-Scorpions Drummer James Kottak Says Black Americans Are Disproportionately Represented In Commercials". blabbermouth.net. November 27, 2019. Retrieved November 27, 2019.
  260. ^ a b Malkin (2023). Punk Revolution!. Rowman & Littlefield. ISBN 9781538171738.
  261. ^ "Stryper's Michael Sweet Doesn't Understand Why 'People Feel The Need To Post Political Hate'". Blabbermouth. August 24, 2020.
  262. ^ "Bush League - By Evan Munday - This Magazine". 2011-06-05. Archived from the original on 2012-04-15. Retrieved 2011-06-05.
  263. ^ "Q&A: Slayer's Kerry King (May 9, 1995)". Rock is Dead But It Won't Lie Down. May 9, 1995.
  264. ^ "Rock N Roll Experience - Slayer Interview!". Rock N Roll Experience Magazine. 2004. Archived from the original on 2004-07-23.
  265. ^ "Pantera's Vinnie Paul and FFDP's Zoltan Bathory Support Donald Trump: 'He's Awesome!'". Ultimate Guitar. 15 September 2015.
  266. ^ "Exodus' Steve 'Zetro' Souza: 'I Support' President Trump". Metal Addicts. August 22, 2018. Archived from the original on September 20, 2020. Retrieved September 24, 2020.
  267. ^ Root, Damon (2017). "Politically Incorrect Punk". Reason Magazine. Miret and his bandmates also voiced support for President Ronald Reagan's foreign policy. "We have to stop Communist aggression," guitarist Vinnie Stigma told the zine Guillotine in 1984. "I think [Reagan] has guts," Miret later added.
  268. ^ "Rap's Bad Boy to Get Lunch With the Prez". Los Angeles Times. March 18, 1991.
  269. ^ "Do the Right-Wing Thing". Entertainment Weekly. No. 59. March 29, 1991. Archived from the original on July 30, 2013.
  270. ^ Korosec, Thomas (December 10, 2004). "Pantera fans pay their respects to slain rocker". Houston Chronicle.
  271. ^ Gaca, Anna (March 22, 2018). "Billy Corgan Talks "Free-Market Libertarian" Politics, D'arcy, And Cat Magazines In New Interview". Spin.
  272. ^ "Dream Theater Guitarist Likes Donald Trump As President, Says 'Great Things Are In Store' For America". Blabbermouth. February 22, 2017.
  273. ^ "OBITUARY Bassist Defends TRUMP's Plan To Build A Wall: 'What's Wrong With Protecting Your Borders?'". Blabbermouth. November 16, 2016.
  274. ^ Q. & A. with Cowboy Troy, The Washington Times, October 17, 2008
  275. ^ "Kid Rock: 'I'm Digging Donald Trump'". Rolling Stone. February 2016. Retrieved June 16, 2017.
  276. ^ Scaroleta, Tom. "Sara Evans Admits She's Leaning Toward Voting for Romney". Townsquare Media.
  277. ^ "Aaron Lewis on Tucker Carlson, 'idiotic' Biden and 'all this racism that appeared out of nowhere'". Los Angeles Times. March 22, 2022.
  278. ^ "System of a Down's John Dolmayan is 'In No Danger' of Losing His Job Because of His Political Views". blabbermouth.net. June 14, 2020. Archived from the original on June 14, 2020. Retrieved June 14, 2020.
  279. ^ "The Devil and Jesse Hughes: The Donald Trump-Supporting, Drug-Hoovering Frontman for Eagles of Death Metal Will Not Apologize for Anything". Grantland.com. October 8, 2015. Retrieved February 19, 2016.
  280. ^ "Palin, McCain Rally At Airport", USA Today, October 23, 2008.
  281. ^ Jackson, Josh (30 October 2016). "5 Biggest Democratic Musicians and 5 Biggest Republican Musicians". Paste Magazine.
  282. ^ Ailes, Drew (26 October 2006). "All That Remains interview". Lambgoat.
  283. ^ Armin, Rosen (June 15, 2022). "Code Pink: How Pitchfork darling Ariel Pink became a music industry untouchable". Tablet.
  284. ^ Plott, Elaina (October 19, 2017). "How a Former Pussycat Doll Became a Darling of the Right". Washingtonian. Retrieved January 7, 2018.
  285. ^ "Azealia Banks Is 'Proud As F*ck' of Donald Trump". November 9, 2016. Retrieved June 16, 2017.
  286. ^ Lebedev, Evgeny (November 15, 2023). "If you don't get cancelled, you're not cool: Azealia Banks lets rip". Evening Standard. Retrieved November 15, 2023.
  287. ^ Nolan, Emma (October 26, 2020). "Lil Pump endorses Donald Trump for president, says "f*** sleepy Joe"". Newsweek. Archived from the original on October 27, 2020. Retrieved October 26, 2020.
  288. ^ Alexandria, Lavender (October 12, 2023). "Lil Pump doubles down on Trump surpport three years later". HotNewHipHop. Retrieved October 13, 2023.
  289. ^ a b "The Lost City of Cecil B. DeMille: Political Antiquity in Classical Hollywood". Screening the Past. April 2018.
  290. ^ a b Wolfskill, 58–60; Rudolph, 21–22
  291. ^ Critchlow, Donald T. (2013). When Hollywood was right: how movie stars, studio moguls, and big business remade American politics. New York: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-19918-6.
  292. ^ Critchlow, Donald T. (21 October 2013). When Hollywood Was Right: How Movie Stars, Studio Moguls, and Big Business Remade American Politics. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107650282 – via Google Books.
  293. ^ Ross, Steven J. "Hollywood, right-wing powerhouse." Salon. 31 August 2011. 27 October 2023.
  294. ^ Daseler, Graham (2011). "Raoul Walsh: The True Adventures of Hollywood's Legendary Director by Marilyn Ann Moss". Senses of Cinema.
  295. ^ Critchlow, Donald T. (October 21, 2013). When Hollywood Was Right: How Movie Stars, Studio Moguls, and Big Business Remade American Politics. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-65028-2. Victor Fleming, a macho right-winger who gained fame for films such as Captain Courageous (1937), Wizard of Oz (1939), and Gone with the Wind (1939)
  296. ^ Reed, Lawrence W. (2019-01-16). "Stop What You're Doing and Read Maxwell Anderson's "The Guaranteed Life" | Lawrence W. Reed". fee.org. Retrieved 2023-11-30.
  297. ^ Mitchell, Greg (1993-10-31). "A look inside Hollywood and the movies : Democracy in Action: How the Studios Torpedoed Upton Sinclair's Run for Office". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2023-11-30.
  298. ^ Eyman, Scott (October 19, 2018). "'Clarence Brown' Review: More Than a Company Man". The Wall Street Journal.
  299. ^ Donald T. Critchlow (October 21, 2013). When Hollywood Was Right: How Movie Stars, Studio Moguls, and Big Business Remade American Politics. Cambridge University Press. pp. 67–. ISBN 978-1-107-65028-2.
  300. ^ Ryskind, Morrie; Roberts, John H. M. (1994). I Shot an Elephant in My Pajamas. Lafayette: Huntington. pp. 169–171, 183–184. ISBN 978-1-56384-000-5.
  301. ^ Trotter, David (April 13, 2023). "An Elite Worth Joining". London Review of Books.
  302. ^ Vieira, Mark A. (2009). Irving Thalberg: boy wonder to producer prince. Berkeley, Calif.: Univ. of California Press. p. 309. ISBN 978-0-520-26048-1.
  303. ^ Critchlow, Donald T. (2013-10-21). When Hollywood Was Right: How Movie Stars, Studio Moguls, and Big Business Remade American Politics. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107650282.
  304. ^ Critchlow, Donald T. (October 21, 2013). When Hollywood Was Right: How Movie Stars, Studio Moguls, and Big Business Remade American Politics. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-107-65028-2.
  305. ^ Critchlow, Donald T. (2013-10-21). When Hollywood Was Right: How Movie Stars, Studio Moguls, and Big Business Remade American Politics. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107650282.
  306. ^ Mitchell, Greg (2022-10-01). "Op-Ed: How Hollywood producers created the first conservative political attack ads". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2023-11-29.
  307. ^ World Over - 2015-12-17 – Jerry Lewis Exclusive with Raymond Arroyo, 18 December 2015, retrieved 2023-12-27
  308. ^ "Jerry Lewis | 'I have the best people': Donald Trump's famous fans, from Lindsay Lohan to Kim Jong Un - Film | Ghostarchive". Archived from the original on 2022-01-09. Retrieved 2023-12-27.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: bot: original URL status unknown (link)
  309. ^ Herr, Michael (2000). Kubrick. New York: Grove Press. pp. 11–12. ISBN 978-0-8021-1670-3.
  310. ^ Mattingly, Terry (8 November 2013). "Terry Mattingly: William Peter Blatty on 'The Exorcist,' the devil and faith". Knox News.
  311. ^ Capshaw, Ron (15 March 2017). "William Peter Blatty: Social Conservatism Beneath the Gore". The Liberty Conservative.
  312. ^ a b c Ng, David (11 March 2017). "In liberal Hollywood, a conservative minority faces backlash in the age of Trump". Los Angeles Times.
  313. ^ a b Svetkey, Benjamin (4 August 2020). "American Carol's right-wing roots". Entertainment Weekly.
  314. ^ Remnick, David (16 April 2006). "Ozone Man". The New Yorker.
  315. ^ Crichton, Michael (22 April 2002). "Crichton: Environmentalism is a religion". Hawaii Free Press.
  316. ^ Doherty, Brian (September 23, 2014). "Ivan Reitman Cops to Libertarian Subtext of Ghostbusters". Reason.
  317. ^ Setoodeh, Ramin (2016-01-09). "Sylvester Stallone on Donald Trump, Republicans and Running for Office". Variety. Retrieved 2023-11-29.
  318. ^ Akbar, Afira (23 February 2022). "'Trump did a great job as president' – David Mamet on free speech, gender politics and rigged elections". The Guardian.
  319. ^ Kilgore, Ed (2018-03-22). "Schwarzenegger, Kasich Are Going to Try to Pull the California GOP to the Middle". Intelligencer. Retrieved 2023-11-29.
  320. ^ Sacks, Mike (2014). And Here's the Kicker: Conversations with 21 Top Humor Writers. New York: Writers House. p. 373. ISBN 978-1630640118.
  321. ^ Fischer, Max (7 August 2009). "Defining John Hughes". The Atlantic.
  322. ^ Waxman, Olivia B. (10 June 2016). "Ben Stein: Ferris Bueller Represents the Reagan Era". Time Magazine.
  323. ^ McGee, Celia (August 1, 1994). "A Wasp's Buzz". New York Magazine. 27 (30): 38–41.
  324. ^ Jensen, Erin Jensen and Erin. "Roseanne Barr defends her Trump support with F-bomb on 'Tonight Show'". USA TODAY. Retrieved 2023-11-29.
  325. ^ "Barry Pepper on 'The Kennedys' producer Joel Surnow: 'Being conservative has become a bad word in Hollywood'". EW.com. Retrieved 2023-12-26.
  326. ^ Substack. "Zeph E. Daniel | Substack". substack.com. Retrieved 2023-11-25.
  327. ^ a b Andrews, Helena (2007-02-27). "Conservatives Try to Make Their Voices Heard in Hollywood". POLITICO. Retrieved 2023-12-26.
  328. ^ "Guest Host Douglas Urbanski". The Rush Limbaugh Show. Retrieved 2023-11-28.
  329. ^ Soloman, Deborah (22 August 2004). "THE WAY WE LIVE NOW: 8-22-04: Questions for Vincent Gallo; Gallo's Humor". The New York Times.
  330. ^ Osborne, Mary (2021-01-04). "The Shady Truth About Earthworm Jim Creator Doug TenNapel". SVG. Retrieved 2023-11-29.
  331. ^ Phillips, Morgan (2020-02-07). "7 celebs with conservative viewpoints in liberal Hollywood". Fox News. Retrieved 2023-11-29.
  332. ^ Andy Chalk (2021-06-12). "Five Nights at Freddy's creator 'won't apologize for' Trump support". PC Gamer. Retrieved 2023-12-26.
  333. ^ "Jack Kerouac - My father and my mother and my sister and I..."
  334. ^ Kassanoff, Jennie Ann (2004). Edith Wharton and the politics of race. Cambridge studies in American literature and culture. Cambridge (GB): Cambridge University press. pp. 1–7. ISBN 978-0-521-83089-8.
  335. ^ Blakemore, Erin (2016-04-08). "Politics on the Prairie: Laura Ingalls Wilder and Rose Wilder Lane". JSTOR Daily. Retrieved 2023-11-25.
  336. ^ "Grace Miller White - History of her life". Arizona Republic. 1910-05-15. p. 10. Retrieved 2024-02-07.
  337. ^ Gottlieb, Robert (2019-11-04). "The Rise and Fall of Booth Tarkington". The New Yorker. ISSN 0028-792X. Retrieved 2023-11-25.
  338. ^ Nock, Albert Jay; Schaffer, Butler (1937). Our Enemy, the State. Ludwig von Mises Institute. p. Introduction, v. ISBN 978-1-61016-372-9.
  339. ^ Frus, Phyllis; Corkin, Stanley (1997). Cather, Willa; Mignon, Charles; Ronning, Kari; Gerber, Philip; Urgo, Joseph (eds.). "Cather Criticism and the American Canon". College English. 59 (2): 206–217. doi:10.2307/378552. ISSN 0010-0994. JSTOR 378552.
  340. ^ Stein, Herbert (2011-06-05). "The Cubist Republican - By Herbert Stein - Slate Magazine". Slate. Archived from the original on 2011-06-05. Retrieved 2023-11-24.
  341. ^ Stanlis, Peter J. (2018-10-10). "Robert Frost: Social and Political Conservative - Chronicles". Retrieved 2023-11-24.
  342. ^ "Edgar Rice Burroughs papers, 1875-1950". oac.cdlib.org. Retrieved 2023-11-26.
  343. ^ "Books of The Times". archive.nytimes.com. Retrieved 2023-11-24.
  344. ^ "When is a Nazi salute not a Nazi salute?". email.nybooks.com. Retrieved 2023-11-25.
  345. ^ Raimondo, Justin (2007-12-17). "Robinson Jeffers: Peace Poet". The American Conservative. Retrieved 2023-11-24.
  346. ^ Carson, Luke (2002). "Republicanism and Leisure in Marianne Moore's Depression". MLQ: Modern Language Quarterly. 63 (3): 315–342. doi:10.1215/00267929-63-3-315. ISSN 1527-1943. S2CID 162274278.
  347. ^ Conkin, Paul K. (1988). The Southern Agrarians: Paul K. Conkin. Knoxville, Tenn: Univ. of Tennessee Pr. ISBN 978-0-87049-560-1.
  348. ^ Griffin, Barbara J. (1992). "CLAUDE McKAY: THE EVOLUTION OF A CONSERVATIVE". CLA Journal. 36 (2): 157–170. ISSN 0007-8549. JSTOR 44324927.
  349. ^ Joshi, Sunand T. (2001). A dreamer and a visionary: H. P. Lovecraft in his time. Liverpool science fiction texts and studies (1. publ ed.). Liverpool: Liverpool Univ. Press. pp. 8–16. ISBN 978-0-85323-946-8.
  350. ^ McWhorter, John (4 January 2011). "Why Zora Neale Hurston Was a Conservative". The Root.
  351. ^ "Republic of dreams: Greenwich Village: the American Bohemia, 1910-1960". Choice Reviews Online. 40 (6): 449. 2003-02-01. doi:10.5860/choice.40-3620. ISSN 0009-4978.
  352. ^ "Robert Hillyer". 2006-06-28. Archived from the original on 2006-06-28. Retrieved 2023-11-28.
  353. ^ Ragan, David (1947). "Portrait of a Lady Novelist: Caroline Gordon". Mark Twain Quarterly. 8 (1): 18–20. ISSN 1080-7330. JSTOR 41642567.
  354. ^ Diggins, John Patrick (1994). Up from communism. New York: Columbia university press. pp. 74–117, 233–268. ISBN 978-0-231-08489-5.
  355. ^ ""That Little Sob in the Spine": Vladimir Nabokov in Conversation". Los Angeles Review of Books. 2017-08-31. Retrieved 2023-11-24.
  356. ^ Jr, Ted Thackrey (1985-09-02). "Taylor Caldwell, Controversial but Popular Novelist, Dies". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved 2023-11-25.
  357. ^ Rubin, Louis (1962), "Introduction", I'll take my stand: the South and the agrarian tradition, p. xxiii
  358. ^ "Books: Cozzens Against the Grain". Time. Aug 30, 1968.
  359. ^ Burgin, Richard; Singer, Isaac Bashevis (Spring 1980), "A Conversation with Isaac Bashevis Singer", Chicago Review, 31 (4): 57, doi:10.2307/25304019, hdl:2027/spo.act2080.0017.002, JSTOR 25304019
  360. ^ Liptak, Andrew (March 15, 2017). "The Little Worlds of H. Beam Piper". Kirkus Reviews.
  361. ^ Segal, Robert (2024). "Joseph Campbell". Encyclopædia Britannica. To some critics, Campbell, whose politics were unabashedly conservative, sounded like a Cold Warrior. He was a staunch supporter of the U.S. role in the Vietnam War and, ironically, an equally staunch opponent of the counterculture movement, which took his Hero as its inspiration.
  362. ^ Cravotta, Leonora (13 February 2023). "John O'Hara: The Novelist Whose Conservatism Robbed Him of Fame". The American Conservative.
  363. ^ Sacramone, Anthony (2021-05-10). "The Dark Virtues of Robert E. Howard". Intercollegiate Studies Institute. Retrieved 2023-11-29.
  364. ^ "Heinlein's Conservatism". National Review. 2010-10-25. Retrieved 2023-11-24.
  365. ^ Asimov, Isaac (1995). I. Asimov: a Memoir. New York Toronto London Sydney Auckland: Bantam Books. ISBN 978-0-553-56997-1.
  366. ^ N. Reynolds, John (7 June 2019). "The Lonesome Gods (A Problem Of The 1950'S Generation AND Louis L'Amour)". Patheos.
  367. ^ "BIOGRAPHER DETAILS LITERARY GENIUS, VERSATILITY AND WIT OF FORMER UTAHN". Deseret News. 1996-11-03. Retrieved 2024-02-07.
  368. ^ "The Father of Science Fiction: The Best of John W. Campbell | Tor.com". www.tor.com. 5 July 2018. Retrieved 2023-12-25.
  369. ^ Pearson, Richard (1998-10-05). "ROBERT LEWIS TAYLOR DIES". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2024-02-07.
  370. ^ Stimpson, Ashley; Fall 2018, Jeffrey Irtenkauf / Published (2018-09-05). "Throngs of himself". The Hub. Retrieved 2023-12-25.{{cite web}}: CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (link)
  371. ^ Greiffenstern, Alexander (2016). "Burroughs as a Political Writer?". Purdue University Press. p. 2. ISSN 1481-4374.
  372. ^ Behe, Jason (3 March 2021). "Who Is R. A. Lafferty? And Is He the Best Sci-Fi Writer Ever?". Wired.
  373. ^ Said, Edward W. (1986). Peters, Joan (ed.). "The Joan Peters Case". Journal of Palestine Studies. 15 (2): 144–150. doi:10.2307/2536835. ISSN 0377-919X. JSTOR 2536835.
  374. ^ "The New American McCarthyism: policing thought about the Middle East" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on October 20, 2005.
  375. ^ Homberger, Eric (2019-05-17). "Herman Wouk obituary". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2024-02-07.
  376. ^ Farrell, Henry (September 29, 2013). "Jack Vance Has Died". Crooked Timber. Yet if I were to compare him to someone, I'd look not to another f/sf author but to Edward Gibbon, another author who combined reactionary politics with a dash of iconoclasm. I can't help but think that Vance had read Gibbon and been shaped by him.
  377. ^ Homberger, Eric (28 January 2010). "Louis Auchincloss obituary". The Guardian.
  378. ^ Duffy, Charles F. (2003). A family of his own: a life of Edwin O'Connor. Washington, DC: Catholic Univ. of America Press. ISBN 978-0-8132-1337-8.
  379. ^ Simon, Scott (September 2, 2009). "At 50, a D.C. Novel With Legs". Wall Street Journal.
  380. ^ "Mickey Spillane, conservative and racist, says AP". John Locke Foundation. 2006-07-18. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  381. ^ Fund, John (6 June 2012). "Ray Bradbury, a Great Conservative". National Review.
  382. ^ Herbert, Brian (2003). Dreamer of Dune: The Biography of Frank Herbert. MacMillan. ISBN 978-1429958448. Retrieved February 13, 2015.
  383. ^ Dite, Chris (August 27, 2021). "What Draws Us to the Reactionary Darkness of Dune?". Jacobin. Herbert himself, however, rejected this collectivist politics in favor of a macho and conservative individualism. In his thirties, he worked for a series of Republican politicians and candidates and became increasingly anti-government.
  384. ^ Safi, Marlo (23 October 2018). "The Conservative, Catholic Kerouac". National Review.
  385. ^ Lurie, Robert Dean (7 September 2012). "The Conservative Kerouac". The American Conservative. My father and my mother and my sister and I have always voted Republican, always." This had nothing to do with party planks and everything to do with family identity, with holding onto something, no matter how arbitrary, in an otherwise disorienting world. We're Kerouacs and this is what we do
  386. ^ Foundation, Poetry (2023-12-26). "Anthony Hecht". Poetry Foundation. Retrieved 2023-12-26.
  387. ^ Masciotra, David (2018-02-14). "Norman Mailer Was a Left-Conservative". The American Conservative. Retrieved 2023-11-24.
  388. ^ Taki (2015-06-08). "Norman Mailer vs. the Liberals". The American Conservative. Retrieved 2023-11-24.
  389. ^ "Why the Real-Life Hawkeye Pierce Hated 'M*A*S*H'". HISTORY. 2018-08-29. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  390. ^ "POLITICAL LEGITIMACY IN THE THOUGHT OF POUL ANDERSON, by Sean M. Brooks » John C. Wright's Journal". Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  391. ^ Rothfeld, Becca (2024-01-11). "Review | He joked that he had 13 readers. He deserves millions". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2024-02-07.
  392. ^ "The Philip K. Dick / Punk Rock Connection". DangerousMinds. 2011-04-21. Retrieved 2023-11-25.
  393. ^ Salyer, Jerry (2019-07-21). "Philip K. Dick's "The Pre-Persons": Abortion & Dystopia". The Imaginative Conservative. Retrieved 2023-11-25.
  394. ^ "A look back at spy novelist Charles McCarry". The Washington Times. Retrieved 2023-12-27.
  395. ^ Jordan, James (2007). Wright, Peter (ed.). Shadows of the New Sun: Wolfe on writing/writers on Wolfe. Liverpool Science fiction texts and studies. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press. pp. 104–105. ISBN 978-1-84631-058-4.
  396. ^ Dugdale, John (2012-11-02). "American writers go to the polls". The Guardian. ISSN 0261-3077. Retrieved 2023-11-25.
  397. ^ Ferguson, Paul (1979). "The Art of Fiction No. 73". The Paris Review. Vol. Spring 1979, no. 75. ISSN 0031-2037. Retrieved 2023-12-26.
  398. ^ "Oct 13, 2011 – Chaos Manor – Jerry Pournelle". www.jerrypournelle.com. Retrieved 2023-11-24.
  399. ^ "Cormac Country". Vanity Fair. 2005-08-01. Retrieved 2023-11-25.
  400. ^ Knipfel, Jim (June 12, 2001). "Tito Perdue: America's Lost Literary Genius". www.nypress.com. Retrieved 2023-12-20.
  401. ^ Rostron, Natalie Zutter and Nathan. "Author Nelson DeMille talks Dan Brown, Ayn Rand and his Holy Grail novel". USA TODAY. Retrieved 2023-11-26.
  402. ^ "Dean Koontz". The Advocates for Self-Government. 2017-11-30. Retrieved 2023-11-24.
  403. ^ Livingston, Michael (2022). Origins of the Wheel of Time. Tor. p. 28. ISBN 9781250860545.
  404. ^ "Islamageddon". 22 December 2005.
  405. ^ "Talk Today". cgi1.usatoday.com. Retrieved 2023-11-26.
  406. ^ Marchese, David (August 2019). "James Ellroy on his life in crime, his imaginary dog and the need to provoke". New York Times.
  407. ^ Anderson, Patrick (2023-05-20). "Book review: "Flashback," by Dan Simmons". Washington Post. ISSN 0190-8286. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  408. ^ Wood, Gerard (2021-10-07). "Flashback, by Dan Simmons: "scarily possible" future or Right wing propaganda?". SFVR. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  409. ^ Romano, Aja (2013-05-08). "Orson Scott Card's long history of homophobia". Salon. Retrieved 2023-12-27.
  410. ^ "Writing Thomas". National Review. 2007-05-01. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  411. ^ "Brad Linaweaver, RIP". LewRockwell. Retrieved 2023-11-24.
  412. ^ Nicholson, Blair (2016). "A Literary and Cultural History of Military Science Fiction and the United States of America, 1870s-2010s" (PDF). University of Waikato: 216–221.
  413. ^ Nicol, Patricia (2022-09-22). "Lionel Shriver: 'I've lost friends because of my political opinions – it's painful'". Evening Standard. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  414. ^ "The War on Islamic Terror: Four Key Concepts « Intellectual Conservative Politics and Philosophy". 2011-06-14. Archived from the original on 2011-06-14. Retrieved 2023-11-28.
  415. ^ "The Wright Perspective: 3 Rs of Conservatism: Right, Reason and Reality » John C. Wright's Journal". Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  416. ^ "On David Foster Wallace's Conservatism | The Hudson Review". hudsonreview.com. Retrieved 2023-12-28.
  417. ^ "David Foster Wallace to the Rescue | James K. A. Smith". First Things. 2013-03-01. Retrieved 2023-12-28.
  418. ^ Toto, Christian (2016-08-02). "How Sarah Hoyt Survived Publishing's Left Tilt". Hollywood in Toto. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  419. ^ "Tony Daniel". Simon & Schuster. Retrieved 2023-11-28.
  420. ^ Sellers, Ben (2020-11-09). "Auditor Dismantles Election Red Flags as 'Audacious Level F**kery'". Headline USA. Retrieved 2024-01-10.
  421. ^ Comments, Rich Johnston | Last updated | (2012-04-03). "Bill Willingham On Sex, Death And Politics". bleedingcool.com. Retrieved 2023-11-25.
  422. ^ a b c d e f g h Goldberg, Bernard. "Arrogance: Rescuing America from the Media Elite." Google Books. 17 May 2017.
  423. ^ a b c d e Chafuen, Alejandro. "The Most Influential Think Tanks In The United States: A New Social Media Ranking." Forbes. 16 December 2015. 21 May 2016.
  424. ^ Stager, Curt. "Sowing Climate Doubt Among Schoolteachers." The New York Times. 27 April 2017. 13 July 2018.
  425. ^ Krugman, 165
  426. ^ Redburn, Tom. "Conservative Thinkers Are Insiders; It's Now Their City Hall, and Manhattan Institute Is Uneasy." The New York Times. 1993. 13 July 2018.
  427. ^ a b c d Thomas R. Dye (23 October 2015). Who's Running America?: The Obama Reign. Routledge. p. 164. ISBN 978-1-317-24906-1.
  428. ^ a b c d e Joel D. Aberbach; Gillian Peele (17 June 2011). Crisis of Conservatism?: The Republican Party, the Conservative Movement, and American Politics After Bush. Oxford University Press. p. 228. ISBN 978-0-19-983136-4.
  429. ^ Levinthal, Dave. "Why the Koch Brothers are ...." The Atlantic. 30 October 2015. 13 July 2018.
  430. ^ Horowitz, David and Jacob Laksin. "The New Leviathan: How the Left-Wing Money-Machine Shapes American Politics ...." Google Books. 12 July 2018.
  431. ^ Delevingne, Lawrence (8 November 2014). "Have Mercer! The money man who helped the GOP win". CNBC. Retrieved 18 June 2017.
  432. ^ Miller, John J. (Fall 2001). "A Federalist Solution". Philanthropy. Philanthropy Roundtable. Retrieved October 23, 2015.
  433. ^ Robinson, Kimberly Strawbridge (January 9, 2024) "Pacific Legal Foundation Aims to Extend Supreme Court Win Streak Bloomberg, Pacific Legal Foundation Aims to Extend Supreme Court Win Streak", Bloomberglaw.com
  434. ^ "How a Los Angeles-based conservative became one of the internet's biggest sensations - Los Angeles Times". Los Angeles Times. 2019-12-01. Archived from the original on 2019-12-01. Retrieved 2023-07-18.
  435. ^ a b David Horowitz; Jacob Laksin (12 June 2012). The New Leviathan: How the Left-Wing Money-Machine Shapes American Politics and Threatens America's Future. Crown Publishing Group. p. 193. ISBN 978-0-307-71647-7.
  436. ^ Gizzi, John (2009). "Alliance Defense Fund Promotes Religious Freedom". Human Events. 65 (28): 21.
  437. ^ "Alliance Defending Freedom." Southern Poverty Law Center. 13 July 2018.
  438. ^ Jr. Buckley (4 September 2017). American Conservative Thought in the Twentieth Century. Taylor & Francis. p. 177. ISBN 978-1-351-53280-8.
  439. ^ "Finding Aid for the American Family Association Collection." The University of Mississippi Libraries. 1990–2005. 13 July 2018.
  440. ^ Chokshi, Niraj (July 8, 2014). "ALEC, the free-market group liberals love to hate, gets a new boss". The Washington Post.
  441. ^ Scola, Nancy. "Exposing ALEC: How Conservative-Backed State Laws Are All Connected." The Atlantic. 14 April 2012. 13 July 2018.
  442. ^ Douglas E. Schoen (16 April 2012). Hopelessly Divided: The New Crisis in American Politics and What it Means for 2012 and Beyond. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 199. ISBN 978-1-4422-1525-2. Gold, Matea (6 October 2014). "Americans for Prosperity plows millions into building conservative ground force". Washington Post. Retrieved 16 June 2017.
  443. ^ Burns, Alexander; Palmer, Anna (2014-04-07). "Inside the Club for Growth's art of war". Politico. p. 1. Retrieved 6 August 2017.
  444. ^ "Concerned Women for America." Encyclopædia Britannica. 13 July 2018.
  445. ^ Nazzworth, Napp (31 January 2013). "'Obamacare' Birth Control Mandate Does Not Promote Women's Health, Conservative Women's Group Argues". The Christian Post. Retrieved 20 October 2017.
  446. ^ David D. Kirkpatrick, "The 2004 Campaign: The Conservatives: Club of the Most Powerful Gathers in Strictest Privacy", The New York Times, August 28, 2004
  447. ^ Michael C. LeMay (12 January 2018). Religious Freedom in America: A Reference Handbook. ABC-CLIO. p. 198. ISBN 978-1-4408-5105-6. Benjamin T. Lynerd (1 August 2014). Republican Theology: The Civil Religion of American Evangelicals. Oxford University Press. p. 14. ISBN 978-0-19-939818-8.
  448. ^ "Family Research Council". Retrieved December 14, 2018.
  449. ^ Fletcher, Michael (July 29, 2005). "What the Federalist Society Stands For". Washington Post. Retrieved 8 August 2017.
  450. ^ Zernike, Kate (September 12, 2010). "Tea Partiers Bring Cause to Washington". The New York Times. Retrieved November 3, 2017.
  451. ^ Holley, Joe (February 21, 2007). "Rosalie Silberman; Created Independent Women's Forum". Washington Post. Retrieved September 20, 2018.
  452. ^ "[L]eaders of the Wisconsin-based ultra-conservative John Birch Society ... claim they are still very much alive ... [and] still active." Collar, Jim. "Political climate puts John Birch Society back in focus." USA Today. 16 September 2016. 21 May 2017.
  453. ^ "Rating for Judicial Watch." Charity Navigator. 1 March 2018. 13 July 2018.
  454. ^ Feith, David (August 9, 2008). "How to Bring Innovative Ideas To a Machine-Politics State". Wall Street Journal. Retrieved 5 June 2015.
  455. ^ Edsall, Thomas B. "The Republican Party's 50-State Solution." The New York Times. 13 January 2016. 13 July 2018.
  456. ^ Vigdor, Neil (2023-07-16). "In Florida, Trump Says DeSantis Has No Path to Victory". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2023-07-18.
  457. ^ "Behind Turning Point USA's funding boom – with half of it coming from 10 anonymous donors". NBC News. 2022-07-13. Retrieved 2023-07-18.
  458. ^ Bykowicz, Julie (2015-05-07). "This Boy Wonder Is Building the Conservative MoveOn.org in an Illinois Garage". Bloomberg News. Retrieved 2019-03-22.
  459. ^ Graham, Ruth (2021-03-16). "Conservative Activist Charlie Kirk Leaves Liberty University Think Tank". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2021-09-28.
  460. ^ Hamby, Peter. "Company men: The U.S. Chamber flexes its new political muscle." CNN. 13 July 2018.
  461. ^ a b c d e f g "Perspectives in Publications." City Colleges of Chicago. 17 May 2017.
  462. ^ Krugman, 119
  463. ^ "Bill O'Reilly joins Glenn Beck's weekly radio show at 'TheBlaze'". Brainerd Dispatch. Brainerd, Minnesota. Variety. 16 May 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2017. Bill O'Reilly is joining Glenn Beck's conservative news outlet TheBlaze for a weekly spot on Beck's radio show. https://deadline.com/2018/12/theblaze-crtv-merge-blaze-media-glenn-beck-mark-levin-1202512715/ Sutton, Kelsey (1 July 2015). "Glenn Beck's TheBlaze downsizes in New York". Politico. Washington, D.C. Retrieved 25 May 2017. Over the past year, most of the New-York-based shows appearing on Beck's conservative television network, like "Real News" and "Liberty Treehouse", were shuttered.
  464. ^ "Breitbart News was always conservative." Borchers, Callum. "When Mitt Romney and Breitbart News were friends." Washington Post. 6 December 2017. 22 June 2018.
  465. ^ Ng, David (November 18, 2016). "Inside Breitbart's Westside L.A. headquarters, they've got plans for global expansion". Los Angeles Times. Retrieved January 18, 2018.
  466. ^ "Breitbart News was already contending with an exodus of advertisers. Now the public face of the conservative outlet is gone." Smith, Gerry. "Breitbart Rift With Bannon Gives Conservative Rivals an Opening." Bloomberg.com. 10 January 2018. 22 June 2018.
  467. ^ "President Donald Trump's growing feud with Steve Bannon is threatening the former White House strategist's leadership of the conservative Breitbart News website." Bykowicz, Julie, et al. "Breitbart Owners Debate Ousting Bannon Amid Trump Feud." The Wall Street Journal. 4 January 2018. 25 June 2018.
  468. ^ "Former White House political strategist Steve Bannon has stepped down from Breitbart News Network, a conservative website for which he had served as executive chairman." Gonzales, Richard. "Steve Bannon Out At Breitbart News." NPR. 9 January 2018. 25 June 2018.
  469. ^ Hafner, Katie (June 18, 1998). "New Conservative News Site Will Fill a Void, Founder Says". The New York Times. Retrieved September 4, 2017.
  470. ^ a b Cohen, Patricia. "Conservative Magazines ...." The New York Times. 12 June 2009. 17 May 2017.
  471. ^ Wilkie, Christina (11 January 2010). "The Daily Caller launches conservative answer to Huffington Post". The Hill. Washington, D.C. Retrieved 25 May 2017. Widely characterized as a conservative answer to Arianna Huffington's hugely successful, left-leaning Huffington Post, the Daily Caller combines aggregated news from across the web with original reporting, video clips, and guest contributors. Stein, Ken (23 November 2016). "My Descent into the Right-Wing Media Vortex". Vanity Fair. Condé Nast. Retrieved 25 May 2017. The Daily Caller, the conservative Web site that Carlson himself co-founded and still runs, would later praise the show for its "epic ratings premiere", but Tucker Carlson Tonight wasn't doing it for me. Maeres, Joel (July–August 2011). "The Great Right Hype". Columbia Journalism Review. New York: Columbia University. Retrieved 25 May 2017. With its conservative tone and story list, The Daily Caller reads more like a twenty-sixth Fox News than New York's storied gray lady.
  472. ^ "Conservative 'Detroit News' can't get behind Trump's re-election". Archived from the original on 2020-12-28. Retrieved 2020-12-08.
  473. ^ Lee Banville (12 December 2016). Covering American Politics in the 21st Century: An Encyclopedia of News Media Titans, Trends, and Controversies [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. pp. 193–195. ISBN 978-1-4408-3553-7.
  474. ^ Tim Groseclose, PhD (19 July 2011). Left Turn: How Liberal Media Bias Distorts the American Mind. St. Martin's Press. p. 21. ISBN 978-1-4299-8746-2. Roger Chapman; James Ciment (17 March 2015). Culture Wars: An Encyclopedia of Issues, Viewpoints and Voices. Routledge. p. 179. ISBN 978-1-317-47351-0.
  475. ^ Flock, Elizabeth. "Sun Myung Moon's Death Leaves Conservative Newspaper at a Crossroads." U.S. News & World Report. 4 September 2012. 19 May 2017.
  476. ^ "Conservatives 'fed up' with protesters". usatoday30.usatoday.com. Retrieved 2017-05-04.
  477. ^ Eric Alterman (17 December 2008). What Liberal Media?: The Truth about Bias and the News. Basic Books. p. 101. ISBN 978-0-7867-4093-2. Jonathan Miller (25 November 2014). The Compassionate Community: Ten Values to Unite America. St. Martin's Press. p. 176. ISBN 978-1-4668-8590-5. Jim A. Kuypers (21 November 2013). Partisan Journalism: A History of Media Bias in the United States. Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. p. 157. ISBN 978-1-4422-2594-7.
  478. ^ Sherry R. Truffin (26 March 2009). Schoolhouse Gothic: Haunted Hallways and Predatory Pedagogues in Late Twentieth-Century American Literature and Scholarship. Cambridge Scholars Publishing. p. 156. ISBN 978-1-4438-0663-3. David Sterritt (25 November 2014). The Cinema of Clint Eastwood: Chronicles of America. Columbia University Press. p. 224. ISBN 978-0-231-85071-1. Akin, Stephanie (13 February 2017). "The Other 'Steve' in the White House". Roll Call. Washington, D.C. Archived from the original on 16 February 2017. Retrieved 25 May 2017. After the 9/11 attacks, he went on a crusade against what he later described on the conservative website FrontPage Magazine as "anti-Americanism [that] had spread over the school like a rash."
  479. ^ "Conservative NH Newspaper Endorses Biden, First Democrat in 100 Years". spectrumlocalnews.com.
  480. ^ "Google to Co-Host This Event With Conservative News Site Newsmax." Fortune. 11 October 2017. 13 July 2018.
  481. ^ "Bill O'Reilly: Conservative News Outlets likely to Pounce Post Fox News Ouster". Variety. April 19, 2017.
  482. ^ Linda Kintz; Julia Lesage (1998). Media, Culture, and the Religious Right. U of Minnesota Press. p. 252. ISBN 978-0-8166-3085-1. Robert Gregg; Gary W. McDonogh; Cindy H. Wong (10 November 2005). Encyclopedia of Contemporary American Culture. Routledge. p. 1645. ISBN 978-1-134-71928-0. Lee Edwards (23 July 1999). The Conservative Revolution: The Movement that Remade America. Simon & Schuster. p. 294. ISBN 978-0-684-84421-3.
  483. ^ Stelter, Brian. "'Mass firing' at conservative site RedState." CNN. 27 April 2018. 13 July 2018.
  484. ^ Neary, Lynn (12 April 2017). "Trump's Win Changed The Game For Publishers On The Left And The Right". All Things Considered. PBS. Retrieved 26 May 2017. Regnery books — which marks its 70th anniversary this year — is the grand old dame of conservative publishing. Milliot, Jim (17 March 2017). "Regnery Publishing: More Than Just Politics". Publishers Weekly. PWxyz, LLC. Retrieved 26 May 2017. As a publisher of conservative books, Regnery faced the prospect of its readership losing some interest in its titles now that Republicans are back in power.
  485. ^ Schukar, Alyssa (2017-09-14). "How a Conservative TV Giant is Ridding Itself of Regulation". The New York Times.
  486. ^ Lee Banville (12 December 2016). Covering American Politics in the 21st Century: An Encyclopedia of News Media Titans, Trends, and Controversies [2 volumes]. ABC-CLIO. pp. 633–636. ISBN 978-1-4408-3553-7. Harley Hahn (2000). Harley Hahn's Internet & Web Yellow Pages. Osborne/McGraw-Hill. p. 643. ISBN 978-0-07-212170-4.
  487. ^ Adams, Becket (9 June 2015). "For the New York Times, a headache called the Washington Free Beacon". Washington Examiner. Retrieved 17 June 2017. Weigel, David (1 December 2014). "The Torch Is Being Passed to A New Generation of Right-Wing Media". Bloomberg. New York City. Retrieved 17 June 2017. Byers, Dylan (8 June 2015). "The N.Y. Times vs. Washington Free Beacon". Politico. Arlington, Virginia. Retrieved 17 June 2017. Beaujon, Andrew (6 August 2015). "The Problem With the Mainstream Media: It's Not More Like the Washington Free Beacon". Washingtonian. Washington, D.C.: Washingtonian Media Inc. Retrieved 17 June 2017.
  488. ^ Burns, John F. (2009-05-05). "Britain Identifies 16 Barred From Entering U.K." The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Retrieved 2017-05-04.
  489. ^ Kathleen Odell Korgen; Jonathan M. White (1 August 2008). The Engaged Sociologist: Connecting the Classroom to the Community. Pine Forge Press. p. 33. ISBN 978-1-4129-6900-0. Kevin C. Pyle; Scott Cunningham (7 January 2014). Bad for You: Exposing the War on Fun!. Henry Holt and Company (BYR). pp. 33–34. ISBN 978-0-8050-9289-9. Daryl Johnson (2012). Right Wing Resurgence: How a Domestic Terrorist Threat is Being Ignored. Rowman & Littlefield. p. 7. ISBN 978-1-4422-1896-3.