Liothorax kraatzi

Liothorax kraatzi
Scientific classification
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kingdom:	Animalia
Phylum:	Arthropoda
Class:	Insecta
Order:	Coleoptera
Family:	Scarabaeidae
Genus:	Liothorax
Species:	L. kraatzi
Binomial name
	Liothorax kraatzi; (Harold, 1868)
Synonyms
	Aphodius kraatzi Harold, 1868; Aphodius graecus Motschulsky in Harold, 1871; Aphodius (Nialus) kraatzi Reitter, 1892; Aphodius (Nialus) kraatzi ab. castanopterus Endrödi, 1955; Aphodius (Liothorax) kraatzi Dellacasa, 1983; Nialus haagi Ádám, 1994;

Liothorax kraatzi is a species of dung beetle with a widespread distribution from Southeastern Europe, Asia Minor, to Caucasus, and Central Asia.^[1]^[2]^[3]

Description

This small shiny, cylindrical beetle has the average length about 4.0 to 5.0 mm. Body elongate, convex, and glabrous. Body black in color with pale brown antennal club. Legs are reddish brown. Anteriorly gibbose head at middle with fine punctures. Clypeus weakly sinuate with a rounded genae. Pronotum convex, and transverse. Pronotum has dual, irregular, dense punctures. Scutellum consists with sparse punctures. Elytra elongate, parallel-sided with deep striae and distinct punctures.^[1]

Adults are saprophagous and stenotopic.^[1] They mostly inhabit open habitats, such as damp soil. Beetles are usually abundant during late spring, summer, and autumn.^[4] Some specimens have been collected from horse dung.^[5]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c Dellacasa, Marco; Gordon, Robert D. & Dellacasa, Giovanni (2007). "Systematic review to the genus Liothorax (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1407 (1): 23–42. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1407.1.4.
^ Gavrilovic, B. & Curcic, S.B. (2010). "Diversity of species of the family Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera) in Serbia". Archives of Biological Sciences. 62 (3): 755–765. doi:10.2298/abs1003755g.
^ Bunalski, Marek (2000). "Contributions to the knowledge Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) of Bulgaria. Part I. Results of the Expeditions 1996 and 1998" (PDF). Wiadomości Entomologiczne. 19 (2): 85–92. Retrieved 2021-07-15.
^ Negrobov, S. O. (2009). "Seasonal dynamics of scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Lamellicornia) in Voronezh Province". Entomological Review. 89 (1): 113–115. doi:10.1134/S0013873809010163.
^ Král, D. & Malý, V. (1993). "New records of Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) from Bulgaria" (PDF). Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae. 57: 17–29. Retrieved 2021-07-15.

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[Zootaxa-1] Dellacasa, Marco; Gordon, Robert D. & Dellacasa, Giovanni (2007). "Systematic review to the genus Liothorax (Coleoptera: Scarabaeoidea: Scarabaeidae: Aphodiinae)" (PDF). Zootaxa. 1407 (1): 23–42. doi:10.11646/zootaxa.1407.1.4.

[2] Gavrilovic, B. & Curcic, S.B. (2010). "Diversity of species of the family Scarabaeidae (Coleoptera) in Serbia". Archives of Biological Sciences. 62 (3): 755–765. doi:10.2298/abs1003755g.

[3] Bunalski, Marek (2000). "Contributions to the knowledge Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) of Bulgaria. Part I. Results of the Expeditions 1996 and 1998" (PDF). Wiadomości Entomologiczne. 19 (2): 85–92. Retrieved 2021-07-15.

[4] Negrobov, S. O. (2009). "Seasonal dynamics of scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Lamellicornia) in Voronezh Province". Entomological Review. 89 (1): 113–115. doi:10.1134/S0013873809010163.

[5] Král, D. & Malý, V. (1993). "New records of Scarabaeoidea (Coleoptera) from Bulgaria" (PDF). Acta Societatis Zoologicae Bohemicae. 57: 17–29. Retrieved 2021-07-15.

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